Mitundu yokonda kutentha yomwe imakhala bwino m'nyumba wamba imakhala ndi maluwa a echeveria. Amachita zinthu mosasamala, chifukwa kukula nyumba sikutanthauza maluso apadera komanso chidziwitso. Dzina lina la chikhalidwe ndi "rose rose."
Echeveria - ndi maluwa otani, nanga ndi a banja liti
Succulent echeveria (echeveria wokoma) amatanthauza oimira banja la Tolstyankov. Pafupifupi mazana awiri subspecies amakhala zachilengedwe, gawo laling'ono la mitundu yokongoletsera limalimidwa kunyumba.
Mwala wonenepa
Kufotokozera mwachidule, mbiri yakale kapena kusankha
Maluwa amatha kupezeka kumayiko a Mexico, California ndi Peru. Dzinalo lidaperekedwa polemekeza wojambula wochokera ku Mexico, yemwe akutanthauzira za zomera mdziko muno - Atanasio Echeverria i Godoy.
Udzu wamafuta okongola komanso amtambo wabuluu, oyimira wamkulu amakula mpaka 25 cm, m'lifupi mwake mpaka 15 15. Mphukira ndi yaying'ono, masamba amatenga timiyala tating'ono. Ma subspecies ena amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala, pomwe ena amakhala ndi mtundu wa pubescent.
Zofunika! M'nyumba, nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza echeveria ya Shavian, yodziwika ndi malire a pinki pamatepe. Wamaluwa amapereka chidwi kwambiri ku Echeveria horbatiflora, Agavoides, Desmet.
Zomera zamkati zamkati zokhala ndi mayina omwe amawoneka
Duwa la Echeveria, lomwe mitundu yake imadziwika ndi mitundu, ili ndi mitundu 200. Amakula onse mu miphika yapamwamba komanso ma duwa opangidwa ndi galasi lolimba.
Echeveria wachisomo (Echeveria elegans)
Echeveria wokongola wamkati ali ndi masamba amtundu wamtambo wamtambo, wamtambo. Mphukira zowongoka zikugwera pakapita nthawi ndikuyamba kufalikira pamwamba. Amatha kuzika mizu palokha.
Ana amapangika pamtunda wokwera, toyesa wamkulu amakula mpaka 15 cm. Masamba osalala okhala ndi kutalika kwa 5 cm, m'lifupi mwake masentimita awiri, inflorescence a pinkish kapena ofiira ofikira, malire achikasu pamalangizo a pamakhala.
Zofunika! Zosiyanasiyana popanda zimayambira zimaphatikizapo eheveria wooneka ngati agave. Masamba ake amakhala ndi kusintha kosiyaniratu ndi pakati kwa mtundu wobiriwira pakati mpaka m'mphepete ofiira. Pamwamba pake pali zokutira yoyera.
Echeveria wachisomo
Echeveria meaty (Echeveria carnicolor)
Imakhala ndi tsinde lalifupi, losapitirira 6 cm. Rosette wamtundu wapakatikati amakula mpaka 15 cm, mpaka 10 cm.
Echeveria glauca (Echeveria glauca)
Amadziwika ndi mbale zamtundu wamtambo, zolochedwa m'malire a pinki, zokutira ndi ulalo wapamwamba. Chimakula momwe chimakhalira supuni, inflorescence ya lalanje imamera pamiphukira yomwe ili m'mphepete.
Zofunika! Mtundu wofanana ndi buluu umapezeka ku Echeveria Pulidonis, mawonekedwe osiyanitsa ndi malire ofiira kuzungulira m'mphepete. Masamba ooneka ngati ma Bell ali ndi miyala yachikasu yowala.
Echeveria Black Prince
Chikhalidwechi chili ndi rosette yanyama, yofika 15 cm. Ma mbale opanda masamba ndi obiriwira; inflorescence amapezeka kumbali. Echeveria pamakhala Kalonga wakuda wa lalanje kapena wofiira wa chokoleti, wokhala ndi miyendo yayitali.
Echeveria-tsitsi loyera (Echeveria leucotricha)
Imayimira mitundu ya pubescent; masamba obiriwira amakhala ndi mzere wa bulauni pamphepete komanso tsitsi loyera. Zowoneka zofanana ndi nyama yomwe yangobadwa kumene, malo okugulitsika amakula mpaka 20 cm.
Zofunika! Mapulogalamu osangalatsa amaimiridwa ndi echeveria Purpusorum, yokhala ndi ma pulatifomu olimba amitundu itatu ndi malekezero okhala. Kutalika kwa inflorescence ndi 20 cm, komwe kumakhala ndi masamba achikasu achikasu.
Echeveria wokhala ndi tsitsi loyera
Echeveria wanzeru (Echeveria fulgens Lera)
Amadziwika ndi kukula kocheperako komanso chitsamba, nthambi zakuda kutuluka mu malo ogulitsira. Ana amakula pa mphukira, ma shiti ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, m'mbali mwake ndi wokutira waxy. Amaluwa m'masiku a February, miyala yamtengo wapatali.
Zofunika! Kuphatikiza kosangalatsa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumadziwika kuti ndi Echeveria Lau, momwe kuphatikiza phula kumapezekanso ndi masamba.
Echeveria Derenbergii
Ili ndi mphukira zochuluka kwambiri zotuluka mu malo ogulitsira, amakula mpaka 6 cm. Pamwamba pa masamba azovala ndi chovala chofiirira, pakati ndi koyera kapena maolivi. Mitengo yamtundu wa spike imaphatikizapo masamba 5; kutalika kwa ma pedicels kuli mpaka 6 cm.
Momwe mungasamalire echeveria kunyumba
Kuyang'anira bwino maluwa okoma kumakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso fanizo labwino, lomwe limaphuka mogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe ake. Chisamaliro cha Echeveria chimafuna zofunika zapadera za gawo lapansi, kuthilira ndi feteleza.
Kuwala ndi kutentha
Nyengo ndi zinthu zachiwiri zimakhudza kusintha kwazomwe zimamangidwa:
- m'dzinja ndi masiku a chisanu, kutentha kwa mkati mwa 10-16 ℃ pamwamba pa ziro, nthawi yamaluwa - 18-21 ℃;
- M'nyengo yotentha ndi miyezi ya masika imalekerera chinyezi mosavuta, imakhala modekha pa +30 ℃.
Mitundu yonse yosakanizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakonda kuunikira - kutalika kwa mapepala ndi mtundu wautoto zimadalira.
Zofunika! Zoyerekeza zazing'ono zimazolowera kuwala kwa dzuwa pang'onopang'ono, kuti zisayambitse kuyaka. Chikhalidwe sichimafunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndipo sichimalola chinyezi chachikulu.
Kutsirira malamulo ndi chinyezi
Chinyezi chimachitika ngati mchenga uluma, nthawi yozizira - nthawi zina, kuti muchepetse zomwe zimayambira. Gwiritsani ntchito aquarium kapena madzi okhala masiku atatu.
Zofunika! Ngati sikokwanira kuthirira mbewuyo, zosinthazo zitha kuzindikirika ndi masamba amamba - azikhala makwinya ndi oopsa. Ngati kuthilira sikungakhudze masamba.
Kutsirira Opatsa Mphamvu
Mavalidwe apamwamba ndi dothi labwino
M'miyezi yophukira ndi yophukira, chikhalidwechi chimafuna kusakaniza kwapadera kwa cacti ndi ma suppulents. Dyetsani pamwezi. Nthawi yopuma, njirazi zimathetsedwa; nthawi yonseyi, ndizosatheka kuphatikiza manyowa ndi zinthu za nayitrogeni.
Nthaka yomasuka ya mchenga yopanda zakudya zabwino ndizofunikira. Alimi odziwa maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito dothi losakanizira lomwe limagulitsidwa m'misika yonse yamaluwa. Popewa kukula kwa mizu zowola, makala ochepa amawonjezeranso osakaniza.
Zofunika! Matanki amakhala ndi dongo lokulitsa, njerwa zosweka, miyala kapena zidutswa za mbiya musanafike pachachitatu.
Kukula kwa Tank Toy
Chikhalidwechi chimakhala ndi mizu yamtundu wapamwamba, chifukwa chake, chimafunikira chachikulu, koma chosaya. M'mimba mwake, sayenera kupitilira kukula kwa duwa lokha kupitirira masentimita 2. Chidebe chopanda mabowo sichikhala choyenera chifukwa chiopsezo chanyontho ndikuzungunuka kwamizu.
Kudulira ndi kupatsirana
Njira zoziika zimachitika chaka chilichonse, mosamala kwambiri: mizu ikawonongeka, mbewuyo imafa. Pambuyo pakugula, ikhoza kuikidwa mu masabata 2-3: mpaka tsiku lokhazikitsidwa, gawo lapansi silinanyowe. Transshipment imagwira ntchito ndi dothi louma lokwanira. Echeveria safuna kudulira kwapadera - kuchotsa masamba owuma ndikokwanira.
Zofunika! Mukatulutsa rosette mu kasupe, gawo lakumwambalo limakonzedwa, osasiya masentimita 4. Njira iyi imatsitsimuka ndikuthandizira kuyambitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano.
Zomera zamaluwa oyenda maluwa
Kwa osakanizira amodzi payekha, mikhalidwe yapadera imafunika, apo ayi sikhala pachimake.
Zofunika! Echeveria mumasakaniza (kakang'ono kakang'ono) nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa ensembles.
Kumera kokoma
Nthawi yochita komanso kupumira
Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe kwa masiku 14-30 masiku a Echeveria blooms. M'nyengo yozizira, oimira ambiri amtundu amapita kukapuma. Pakadali pano, regimen imasinthidwa kwambiri: amachepetsa kutentha kukhala 8-15 ℃ ndipo amachepetsa kuthirira m'njira imodzi pamwezi.
Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa
Masamba ochepa amapezeka mu inflorescence yomwe ili pamzere wotsatira. Kamvekedwe ka pamatchulidwe kamatengera kuunikira:
- kusowa kwa dzuwa kumayambitsa kudana;
- kuchuluka kokwanira ndi ubweya wofiirira kapena walanje.
Pamapeto pa nthawi ya budding pa peduncles, ana amapangidwa.
Njira zofalitsira maluwa nthawi yabwino
Pali njira zingapo zokulitsira maluwa. Zosintha zokopa za echeveria zomwe mwakonda zimaphatikizira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa masamba kapena rosettes.
Kufalikira kwa Echeveria ndi tsamba
Sankhani masamba abwino kwambiri ndikulekanitsa ndi tsinde. Pambuyo pa sabata louma, mbali yakunja imayalidwa pamtunda wokhazikika usanachitike ndikuisunga mpaka mizu +25 ℃. Popanga matumba oyambira, amakhala m'magulu osiyanasiyana.
Zofunika! Zitsanzo zomwe zimayankha bwino kufalikira kwa masamba zimaphatikizapo echeveria Pearl ya Nuremberg. Imakhala bwino ndikumanyowetseka kwakanthawi.
Kufalitsa masamba
Kubalana ndi rosettes
Ndi njira yomwe mukufuna, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kupatukana ndi mayi wa mayiyo. Popeza adadula, malowa amathandizidwa ndi malasha ophwanyika (nkhuni kapena kuyambitsa), owuma kwa maola pafupifupi 12. Malowo abzalidwa m'nthaka isanayambe kunyowa ndikuyembekezera kuti mizu yake idawoneka. Kukhazikitsa moyenera njirayi kumathandizira kukhazikitsa mapangidwe a masamba.
Mavuto akukula, matenda ndi tizirombo
Zowukira za parastic midges ndi matenda ndizosowa, mavuto ambiri amakwiya eni eni. Ngati chikhalidwechi chimayang'aniridwa mosasamala ndikuwathira magazi, ndiye kuti gawo limodzi lonyowa nthawi zonse limayambitsa mapangidwe a fungal.
Zofunika! Ngati matendawa apezeka pakapita nthawi, duwa lifunika kumuika - mutatha kufufuma kwa magawo akuwola ndi chithandizo ndi yankho la fungicidal.
Tizilombo zoyipa timaphatikizira mphutsi za mealy ndi mizu. Mawonekedwe awo amaletsa maluwa a Echeveria, kukula ndi kukula kwake. Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kusintha kwa kusintha kwa gawo lobiriwira komanso kuyanika koyera. Maluwa amafunikira kubzala mumphika watsopano ndikusinthiratu nthaka ndikudulira kwa malo omwe akhudzidwa. Njirayi ikamalizidwa, Aktara ndi Fitoverm amakonzedwa.
Kugonjetsedwa kwa Mealybug
Momwe mungathane nawo
Chithandizo cha toyesa kudwala chimadalira komwe kunayambira vutoli:
- masamba achikasu chifukwa chamadzimadzi amadzasanduka chikaso, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa mpaka gawo litatha kumira;
- kuyanika kwa masamba apansi - chithandizo sichofunikira, momwemo mukutanthauza nyengo yozizira;
- mbale zosefuka ndi zaulesi - zimakulitsa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi.
Tcherani khutu! Masamba osiyidwa ndikutsika kwawo kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi m'nyengo yozizira. Kukhazikitsidwa komweko kwamalangizowa kumapewetsa zizindikiro zambiri zosasangalatsa, kuteteza kukula kwa matenda komanso kuukira kwa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
Echiveria mwachidule, Black Prince kapena satin amadziwika kuti ndiye duwa loyambirira, amakondedwa ndi alimi a maluwa. Imakongoletsedwa ndi nyumba, nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe. Kusamalira echeveria kunyumba si vuto, koma alimi odziwa bwino ntchito zawo amakumbukira kuti kusinja mchenga m'miphika ndi njira yotayira chikhalidwe.
