Chrysanthemum munda - kubzala ndi kulima

Ziwembu za m'munda nthawi zambiri zimapezeka paminda yanyumba kudera lonse la Russia, ndipo dzina lake lachiwiri ndi "Chinese." Chikhalidwe chimadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma bud ndi kukula kwake - kuchokera kakang'ono mpaka wamtali, wovala ndi korona wokongola.

Garden Chrysanthemum - ndi maluwa otani, omwe ndi a banja lake

Maziko amakono amakono a chrysanthemum ndi Chrysanthemum morifolium, yemwe ndi membala wa banja la Asteráceae. Shrub amatanthauza mitundu yamaluwa yomwe imayamba pachilimwe. Imalekerera kuzizira bwino ndipo sataya masamba ake ngakhale ndi chisanu choyamba.

Chrysanthemum yam'tsogolo

Zambiri zoyambirira zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwechi zidapezeka m'mabuku a Confucius, m'zaka za mazana asanu ndi limodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi BC. Panthawiyo, anali ngati mnzake wamtchire ndipo anali ndi maluwa achikuda apakati, utoto wachikasu. Chomera chakhala choyambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hybrid, mpaka pano pali mitundu pafupifupi 3,000.

Khungubwe losatha limakhala ndi mizu yolimba komanso yopanda nthambi, komwe mphukira zamphamvu zimatuluka. Zimayambira zimakula 25-120 masentimita yokutidwa ndi masamba. Masamba obiriwira amakula kuyambira 7 mpaka 15 cm kutalika kuchokera 4 mpaka 8 cm - mulifupi. Mapulogalamu omwe amakhala pamtunda wapamwamba komanso wotsika amasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe. M'mabuku ena, petioles zazitali kapena zazifupi, pubescence imakhala kumbali yolakwika.

Zosiyanasiyana zamitundu, mitundu yotchuka-yozizira, momwe amawonekera

Akatswiri amasiyanitsa magawo angapo a chrysanthemums chifukwa cha njira yosiyana posankha. Kwa anthu onse komanso zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wa China.

Kugawa ndi kukula kwa maluwa ndi kutalika

Malinga ndi Mtundu waku China wa Chang Shu-lin, gawoli limachitika ndi kukula kwake, m'mabungwe ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi maluwa akulu. Ndi chizolowezi kusiyanitsa pafupifupi magulu 25:

• gulu loyamba lili ndi mitundu 8;
• kwa wachiwiri - magawo 17.

Chrysanthemum yokhala ndi maluwa ochepa

Gulu la inflorescence

Gawoli limachitika mogwirizana ndi zosankha zinai, zokhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwa maluwa a tubular ndi bango omwe amapezeka mu inflorescence:

• lathyathyathya;
• anemone;
• tubular;
• mtundu wowoneka ngati supuni.

Kuwunikira mawonekedwe amitundu mitundu kumathandizira malongosoledwewo ndi kuchuluka kwa masamba ena, kuchuluka kwake kukula, mwa mikhalidwe ina. Pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya mbewu zamitundu mitundu ya petal:

• zoyera
• mkuwa;
• chikasu;
• wobiriwira
• reds;
• zonona;
• wofiirira.

Spryical chrysanthemum

Pali mitundu yamitundu iwiri, yamtundu wamitundu yamkati ndi yakunja. Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa Wang Mao-sheng, pachikhalidwe, mitundu 9 ya inflorescences imatha kusiyanitsidwa:

• aubweya - wokhala ndi kupindika pang'ono m'munsi mwa corolla;
• chowala - champhamvu kwambiri, chooneka ngati nthenga;
• terry - inflorescence ili ndi ulalo, ma corollas akunja ndi aatali, ndipo amkati ndi afupiafupi;
• osmanthus - ofanana ndi maluwa a osmanthus;
• nthenga zopangidwa - ndi lalikulu, lalitali komanso laling'ono;
• hemispherical ndi spherical - maluwa amafanana ndi mipira pakuwonekera;
• yosavuta kapena yapawiri-yokhala ndi ma corollas ambiri ndi nsonga zopota pang'ono;
• kugwira - ma corollas awo titha kufananizidwa ndi machubu akuda.

Kutulutsa maluwa

M'madera a Japan, amakonda kupatsidwa mtundu wa "Shinjuku" - paki yamfumu.

Akatswiri ake amakonda kugawa m'mitundu yamtchire komanso yachikhalidwe. Zotsirizazo zimagawidwanso kukongoletsa komanso koyenera ngati chakudya (pokonza masaladi). Terry ndi ma chrysanthemums ena (azokongoletsa ndi kukongoletsa) amagawidwa ndi kukhwima mu nyengo yachisanu, chilimwe ndi yophukira.

Zosamba zakale ndi zosindikiza

Mitundu ya pachaka imadziwika ndi masikono ang'onoang'ono (mpaka ma 4 cm mulifupi) ndi magulu angapo:

• kukhazikika;
• opindika ambiri;
• kufesa;
• ovala korona.

Zolemba zake zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali: kuyambira kumapeto kwa Juni mpaka Novembala. Nthambi zimazimiririka ndi chisanu chokhazikika. Chikhalidwe chikhoza kukhala chamitundu yosiyanasiyana: 25-70 cm.

Poyerekeza ndi nyengo yokhayo, zipatso za zipatso zamtchire ndizokulirapo, zimatha kufikira masentimita 150. Zimakula zonse mu ziweto komanso mapoto. Mitundu yayikulu-yamaluzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodulira. Kugawilaku kumachitika pofika nthawi yomwe adzaphuke: choyambirira, pakati komanso mochedwa.

Chrysanthemum pachaka

Ma chrysanthemums osatha: Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera

Kuti mupeze chomera chokongola komanso chopanda thanzi, muyenera kudziwa bwino momwe mungalimire ma chrysanthemums m'munda, kusamalira duwa m'dziko kapena malo obiriwira.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti maluwa amenewa amalimbana ndi chilala komanso kuzizira, safuna chisamaliro chapadera m'mundamo. Mndandanda wazophatikizazi umangophatikiza zatsopano zokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu, omwe amafunikira kusamalidwa mosamala: nthawi zambiri, madzi ndi manyowa.

Kusankha kwatsamba

Momwe mungabzale chrysanthemums molondola: chikhalidwe chimadalira kwathunthu kuwala, ngati chikusowa, mtundu wamaluwa ungavutike. Mphukira zimayamba kutambasuka, masamba ayamba kumera, m'malo omwe mbewu zina zimatha kukhala mwakachetechete.

Zotsatira zake zidzakhala zitsamba zoyipa komanso zokwawa. Kuti asunge korona wangwiro, ayenera kubzala ana ang'onoang'ono padzuwa, ndikutetezedwa ku mphepo zazingwe.

Momwe angakonzekerere nthaka ndi duwa podzala

Kumvetsetsa funso lodzala ma chrysanthemums, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za mtundu wapadziko lapansi.

Dothi lamchenga kapena loamy lomwe lili ndi ngalande yabwino limafunikira. Asanayambe ntchito, amakuumba mosamala ndikukulemeretsa ndi humus. Nthaka imayenera kukhala ndi asidi pang'ono, peat imatengedwa kuti mulching. Malo olemera ndi dongo oletsedwa - chitsamba chosungira paiwo chidzafa msanga.

Zambiri zodzala chrysanthemums nthawi yozizira

Kubzala chisanadze yozizira kumachitika mpaka Seputembara 15, kukula pang'ono ndi mizu yotseka kumagwiritsidwa ntchito njirayi. Njira imeneyi imathetsa kufunika kochita maphunziro asanakwane. Ngati mizu ilibe kanthu, ndiye kuti maola 24 asanabzalidwe, chithandizo ndi Kornevin chimachitika.

Kubzala kwa Chrysanthemum poyera

Njira yofikira pang'onopang'ono imawoneka motere:

1. Kumbani ma bowo masentimita 40 kuchokera pansi, kusiya pakati pawo motalika.
2. Pansi pali mtsinje wowuma kapena kuwunika - 5 cm.
3. Gawo lapansi limasinthidwa ndi humus.
4. Kubzala kumachitika popanda kukulitsa mphukira.
5. Kwa tchire kutalika konzani chithandizo.

Kutsirira malamulo ndi chinyezi

Tchifu tambiri titha kukhala nthawi yayitali ndi chilala, koma timasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwake. Kuthirira kosakwanira kumayambitsa kupera masamba ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwawo. Ndikathirira kosakwanira, mphukira zimakutidwa ndi khungwa, ndipo ndikachulukirapo, mizu imavunda.

Kuthirira kumachitika ndikuwumitsa kwa 5-7 masentimita a kumtunda kwa dziko lapansi. Nyengo yotentha, chinyezi cha dothi chimapezeka nthawi zambiri, nyengo yozizira imakhala kangapo.

Mavalidwe apamwamba ndi dothi labwino

Kuperewera kwa zinthu zopangira mchere kumapangitsa kuti kufooka ndikulefuka kwa masamba, ndipo feteleza wa panthawi yake amathandiza kukulitsa nthawi ya moyo wawo ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka. Subcortex imachitika malinga ndi dongosolo:

• mutabzala kapena kasupe - ndi zosakaniza za nayitrogeni;
• pakati pa chilimwe - njira za potaziyamu-phosphorous.

Zomera za chrysanthemums

Kudulira ndi kupatsirana

Pazinthu zina, kudula nthambi kumafunikira: popanga masentimita 10 mpaka 20, kudulira kumachitika. Ma nsonga odula (5-7 cm) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzika mizu. Mphukira yotsalayo iyenera kukhala ndi masamba atatu kapena asanu.

Ntchito zogulitsa zimachitika pa Meyi kapena Seputembala. Amapangidwa kuti azikonzanso zitsamba, kubereka kapena nthawi yopanga mtundu wamaluwa wamaluwa.

Duwa lozizira

Kukonzekera nthawi yozizira sikufunika kuti pakhale nyengo yachisanu (yozizira-yolimba), yobzalidwa madera akumwera. Kwa zigawo zakumpoto ntchito zotsatirazi zimachitika:

• kuwononga tchire;
• kudzala mpaka 10 cm kumapeto kwa Okutobala;
• pogona ndi agrofibre pambuyo pobwera chisanu chokhazikika, ndikukonzekera kwake ndi zinthu zolemera (mabodi, njerwa).

Zomera zamaluwa oyenda maluwa

Kusiyana kwazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kumasintha nthawi yanthawi yopanga masamba ndi mawonekedwe awo.

Nthawi yochita komanso kupumira

Kumayambiriro kwamaluwa a shrub, masamba apical ndi oyamba kutseguka, kenako njirayi imakwirira chomera chonse (kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi). Kutalika kwa budding ndikuchokera kwa masabata awiri mpaka miyezi ingapo.

Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa

Ma Chrysanthemums ndi amtali, amtali, komanso apakatikati; chifukwa lalitali kwambiri, thandizo limafunikira.

Osiyanasiyana, amakonda kugwa, zitsamba, omangidwa ndi kutuluka kwa masika.

Kusamalira pambuyo maluwa

Mphukira zofota zimadulidwa mosamala, ndikusiya mapesi a maluwa isanayambe chisanu. Kuyesa kutsiriza kufufuta kumabweretsa mavuto akulu: ma rhizomes sangathe kuyika masamba a nyengo yotsatira chifukwa cha kusowa kwa michere, komwe gawo lawo ndilobiriwira.

Njira zofotokozera maluwa

Wamaluwa amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zodula, njira yodulira mbewu komanso kugawa kwa chitsamba.

Kufalikira ndi kudula

Kuti mupeze zala, gwiritsani ntchito maluwa kapena zitsamba zachikale. Poyamba, muyenera kuchotsa maluwa, ndikuyika zodula m'madzi. Pakatha milungu ingapo, amapanga mizu ndipo atha kubzalidwe panthaka.

Kudzidula nokha kwachitsamba kumachitika mu Meyi. Zoyerekeza zaumoyo ndi zoyenera kuchitikira, ophukira odulidwa amatumizira akuya masentimita 5 (kumadera omwe anakumbidwa kale). Pamwamba adakutidwa ndi kachidutswa ka botolo la pulasitiki. Pakutha kwa mwezi, mbande zomwe zaphuka zimapereka masamba oyamba.

Kufalikira ndi kudula

Kufalitsa mbewu

Njira ya mbewu imaphatikizapo kubzala zinthu pa mbande. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-5 (nthawi imatengera mawonekedwe a mitundu), mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera. Mpaka masiku a Meyi, mbande zakula kunyumba, kenako zimatumizidwa ku chiwembu.

Momwe mungabzalire chrysanthemum ndikwaniritsa maluwa ake: Mbeu zodutsa pakatikati kapenanso sizipsa. Kuti mupeze, kudulira mphukira ndi masamba kumachitika, ndikuwatumiza kumphika wamadzi. Pakapita kanthawi, njere zimacha bwino.

Mavuto akukula, matenda ndi tizirombo

Matenda odziwika ndi awa:

• kuwonongeka kwa virarfism, greening of inflorescence, mosaic - ma pathologies ndi osachiritsika, mphukira zomwe zakhudzidwa zimatulutsidwa ndikuwotchedwa;
• powdery mildew - amawoneka nthawi yachisanu komanso yamvula, phosphorous yosakwanira komanso zinthu zina za potaziyamu kapena phosphorous, zitsamba zodwala zimathandizidwa ndimayankho a fungicidal;
• dzimbiri - limabwera limodzi ndi nyengo yotentha ndi yonyowa, imatsimikiziridwa ndi mawanga obiriwira achikasu pazithunzi, zomwe pamapeto pake zimasanduka zofiirira, mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo chithandizo ndi Bordeaux fluid ndi Topaz;
• Septoria - kufalikira kuchokera kumunsi kupita kumtunda, kumawoneka malo akuda, kumachitika pakakhala kusowa kwa dzuwa ndikuyika madzi pamtunda, kumafuna kuchepetsedwa kuthirira ndikuwunikira;
• imvi zowola - zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wamtundu wobiriwira wa chomera, ndikusintha kwa kamvekedwe ka bulauni, chithandizo chikuchitika ndi fungicides.

Septoria Chrysanthemum

Tizilombo touluka todziwika bwino ndi:

• nematode - samangowononga magawo obiriwira tchire, komanso mizu, amafunika chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali chomera ndi othandizira apadera: Phosphamide, Mercaptophos;
• kangaude - chifukwa cha kuthira kwa madzi a chitsamba ndi majeremusi, amayamba kuuma mwachangu, kupezeka kwake kungatsimikizidwe ndi ukonde wophimba zimayambira ndi masamba, mankhwalawa amachitika ndi Fitoverm kapena Aktelik;
• nsabwe za m'masamba - majeremusi nthawi zambiri amanyamula ma virus ma virus ndipo ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa chitsamba, mmera umafunikira chithandizo mobwerezabwereza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Chrysanthemum yam'munda yamuyaya ndi yokongoletsera zamkati, koma muthanso kukonda mitundu yaying'ono yamkati. Njira iti ndiyabwino: mutha kudzala masakankhidwe amsewu kapena ma chrysanthemums omwe ali ndi masamba a burgundy. Munthu aliyense ali ndi zomwe amakonda, ndichifukwa chake ndizosatheka kuyankha funso ili.