Hyacinth mumphika - chisamaliro cha maluwa

Hyacinth - duwa la banja la katsitsumzukwa, lokhala ndi fungo lokoma. Ichi ndi chomera chonse chomwe chimakulidwa m'nyumba komanso mumsewu. Koma mumphika sukutulutsa mobwerezabwereza: izi ndizotheka pokhapokha kuziika pamalo pokhapokha.

Chifukwa chiyani ma hyacinths amalima mumiphika

Maluwa amakula m'miphika komanso panthambi.

Hyacinth ndi maluwa osatha a bulb omwe amayankha mwachangu pakupanga kwamtundu wabwino mwa maluwa oyenda bwino. Pambuyo pake, babu amafunika kupumula, komwe kumatchedwa "kupumula". Nthawi imeneyi, ziwalo zam'mimba zimayamba kupangika, zomwe zimakondwera ndi kukongola kwake nyengo yotsatira. Izi ndi njira zachilengedwe za mababu onse, ndipo sanachite chimodzimodzi.

Koma kunyumba, mutha kusintha masinthidwe achilengedwe a chomeracho ndikukhala ndi maluwa okongola pofika tsiku lomwe mukufuna. Njirayi imakakamizidwa ndipo imatchedwa "distillation." Zosankha zake ziwiri ndizotheka: m'madzi ndi dothi.

Kutengera nthawi yakulima, mitundu itatu ya distillation imasiyanitsidwa:

• koyambirira (kumapeto kwa Disembala);
• m'ma koyambirira (kulandira maluwa pakati pa dzinja);
• mochedwa (maluwa kumayambiriro kwa masika).

Zofunika! Babuyo imatha kukhala ndi mphamvu yopitilira maluwa pokhapokha. Kuti muchite izi, umazika pansi. Isanafike chisanu, iwo amafukula ndi kusamutsa mnyumbayo. Kenako itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kumera ndi tsiku linalake.

Mukamagulitsa ma hyacinths, zilembo zokhala ndi lembalo nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa mumphika: mutatha maluwa, ponyani babuyo. Mwanjira imeneyi, ogulitsa amadziwitsa kuti sangathe kuyambiranso maluwa mumphika. Kuti muchite izi, chitani mogwirizana ndi cholembedwa pamwambapa: ikani bulbyo m'nthaka mumsewu.

Okhala m'mizinda nthawi zambiri amasowa mwayiwu ndipo samadziwa momwe angakulire bwino ma hyacinths. Babuyo silingatayidwe, koma itabzalidwa m'gawo la nyumbayo, kanyumba kapena pa maluwa aliwonse omwe mumakonda. Zotheka kuti pofika kumapeto kwa yophukira adzapatsa ana awiri.

Duwa lokakamiza

Kusankha chodzala chabwino ndikofunika kuti maluwa azitha bwino.

Kupambana kwa kupukusidwa kwa ma hyacinths zimadalira mitundu ya mbewuzo komanso momwe bulb imasankhidwira bwino. Zofunikira zingapo zimakhazikitsidwa podzala zinthu.

Kukonzekera kwa babu

Kuti hyacinth mumphika ututuke, ndikofunikira kukonzekera babu. Izi zimangotengera mbewu zomwe zakumbidwa pansi. Ngati anyezi agulidwa pamaneti ogulitsa, mwachidziwikire amakhulupirira kuti wadutsa magawo onse okonzekera omwe alembedwa pansipa.

1. Mababu ofunikira kumera amakumbidwa pakati pa chilimwe. Zimatsukidwa dothi ndipo zimasungidwa kwa masiku 14-15 pansi pa chinyontho chachikulu pa + 30 ° C.
2. Kenako, matenthedwe amasintha kukhala + 25 ° C ndipo mbewu zimasungidwa kwa milungu iwiri.
3. Kupitilira apo, mpaka nthawi yobzala, mababu amasungidwa pa + 17 ° C.

Nthawi yayitali

Nthawi yamabuzu a bulabu ndi masabata 6 mpaka 10, kutengera mtundu ndi mtundu wa mbeu. Ngati mukufuna kumera maluwa nthawi inayake, amawongolera ndi nthawi yayitali:

• maluwa oyambira chaka chatsopano ndi Khrisimasi - kubzala mu theka loyamba la Seputembala;
• Marichi 8 - kumapeto kwa Okutobala.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Zotengera zilizonse zazing'ono ndizoyenera kubzala ma hyacinths: makapu apulasitiki, mbale zowerengeka, miphika, mitsuko.

Pokweza, muyenera mndandanda wazinthu ndi zida

1. 10-20 mm dra dragege amapangidwira pansi. Itha kukhala timiyala tating'ono tothira mchenga.
2. Kenako, kutsanulira dothi. Pakulima ma hyacinths, simungagwiritse ntchito acidic. Chisankho chabwino kwambiri ndi chisakanizo chofanana ndi dothi lamasamba, ma turf ndi kompositi, kupanga mchenga pang'ono ndi peat. Mukhozanso kusakaniza mulingo wofanana wa peat ndi mchenga wowuma. Njira ina ndikugula dothi losakanizika ndi malo ogulitsira wamaluwa.
3. Mchenga wosanjikiza 5-7 mm umathiridwa pamtunda. Uku ndi kusamala kuti musazike mizu ya mbewu.

Tikufika

Pakapukusidwa, miphika yakuya yozama masentimita 14 mpaka 20. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuwubzala kumtunda kwachitatu kwa mphikawo, osati pamlingo wake.

Pazamalonda, ma hyacinth amalimidwa m'mabokosi ang'onoang'ono, koma bulb iliyonse ili selo limodzi.

Njira yofikira imakhala magawo angapo:

• babu limakanikizidwa pang'ono pansi ndi pansi (osayikamo!);
• owazidwa ndi nthaka kotero kuti kumtunda kwa babuyo kunali kwaulere, kokhala pamwamba pa nthaka;
• fumbi la kumtunda ndi utuchi wowuma ndilovomerezeka.

Yang'anani! Ngati mababu angapo abzalidwa nthawi imodzi, sayenera kulumikizana. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyimitsa kuyenera kukhala kodzaza. Mtunda woyenera pakati pawo ndi 2-2,5 cm.

Nthawi yamizu

Maluwa atabzalidwa mumphika, amafunika nthawi yopumira. Zowerengera izi zimaperekedwa pakadali pano:

• kusowa kwathunthu kwounikira;
• kutentha kwa mpweya + 5-7 ° C;
• chinyezi wamba.

Nthawi yakubzala, nthawi zonse amayang'anira kuti dziko lapansi mu thankiyo ndi lonyowa pang'ono. Kuyanika sikuvomerezeka. Pofuna kuthira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuvala pamwamba, nthaka imathiriridwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu ndikuwazidwa phulusa. Kutalika kwa nthawi yopuma ndi miyezi 2-2,5.

Malo osungirako miphika:

• alumali m'munsi mwa firiji;
• ozizira Loggia;
• chapansi kapena cellar;
• garaja.

Nthawi yonseyi imatchedwa "ozizira." Ili ndi gawo lofunikira pokakamiza maluwa maluwa.

Gawo lomaliza la distillation

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Pakatha miyezi iwiri mutabzala, amayamba kufufuza pafupipafupi ngati zikumera zatuluka. Akangofika kutalika kwa 2-2,5 masentimita, miphika ya mbewu imakhala ndi malo abwino komanso abwino. Mulingo woyenera - pazenera. Apa duwa liyenera kukhala mwezi wotsatira. Mu sabata yoyamba kumapeto kwa nthawi yozizira, ndikofunikira kuti aphimbe mapoto ndi pepala.

Yang'anani! Panthawi imeneyi yakukula kwa mbewu, kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kupitirira + 15 ° C.

Pamapeto pa siteji iyi, masamba amapezeka ndipo potoyo imasamutsidwa kumalo komwe imakhala nthawi zonse. Kenako amayembekeza kuyamba kwamaluwa. Ma hyacinths samalekerera chinyezi chowonjezera, kotero muyenera kuthilira madzi pafupipafupi, koma modekha.

Kukakamiza m'madzi

Kuti mupeze duwa "lamadzi" mpaka nthawi yobzala, amadutsanso chimodzimodzi ngati akukula mumphika. Ndikofunikira kusankha thanki yamadzi yoyenera. Ziyenera kukhala kuti babuwo samamira m'madzi, koma amakumana ndi gawo lake lamunsi. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana. Magalasi osachepera ndi chisankho chabwino.

Madzi ayenera kukhala oyera: mvula kapena kusefedwa. Chotetezerachi chimakutidwa ndi pepala lakuda ndikutumizidwa kumalo ozizira kuti nthawi yozizira ipite. Nthawi yonseyi amayang'anira mulingo wamadzi ndikuwukweza panthawi yake. Mizu yoyamba itawonekera, onjezerani feteleza. Mwachitsanzo, "Kornevin."

Momwe mungasankhire chomera chabwino, chopatsa thanzi mu shopu

Maluwa ogulidwa mu hypermarket amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, chomwe nthawi zina sichitha kuperekedwa kunyumba.

Kupambana kwa mbeu yopukusira mumphika mwachindunji kumatengera mtundu wa mbewu. Popewa zolakwika, malamulo otsatirawa amalimbikitsidwa.

1. Mababu okhala ndi mainchesi osachepera 50 mm amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa madzi. Ngati ma cocacinth atakulidwa m'mundamo, mbeu yaying'ono ndiyabwino.
2. Kutengera mitundu, mulingo wovomerezeka wa mababu kuti mukukula kukhathamiritsa mumphika ndi 40-60 mm.

Zofunikira pakuwoneka ndi mtundu wa mbewu:

• kusowa kwa zowonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwamakina;
• mawonekedwe osalala;
• kusowa kwa zowonongeka ndi tizirombo ndi matenda;
• zovuta kukhudza kapangidwe.

Zofunika! Choyimira chachikulu pakusankha hyacinth pakukula mumphika ndi kuchuluka kwa mulifupi wa babu ndi pansi pake. Iyenera kukhala 1.5-1.6: 1. Kwa mbewu yosayenera, izi ndi zochepa kwambiri.

Kugula duwa lobweretsedwera kunyumba, momwe mungasamalire?

Nthawi zambiri kumatulutsa ma hyacinths sikumasinthidwa, koma lamulo ili silikugwira ntchito pazomera zomwe zagulidwa m'misika yaminda

Babu ya hyacinth itha kugulidwa nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Ngati palibe cholinga choti azitumiza nthawi yomweyo kuti zitulutsidwe, ndiye kuti zimayikidwa m'malo abwino kuti zizisungidwa pa kutentha kwa 6-9 ° C. Izi zimayimitsa kukula kwa magwiridwe antchito ndikuthandizira nyengo yopanda. Bulb ikagulidwa mumphika, imayikidwa m'malo abwino-oyatsidwa.

Kodi ndiyofunika kuchotsera poto

Ponena ngati mtundu wa hyacinth uyenera kudulidwa kuchokera mu mphika wogulitsira, malingaliro a wamaluwa amasiyana. Ena amakhulupirira kuti ndikosavomerezeka kuvulaza maluwa ndi kumuika. Ena sawona chowopsa pachomera pakuchita izi. Kuti musankhe zoyenera kutsatira, werenganinso momwe zinthu ziliri:

• chikhalidwe chamaluwa: babu wosambira, pali zikumera, pachimake;
• kukula kwa mphika;
• Zomwe zimachitika ndi chomera zitatha kuzimiririka.

Nthawi zambiri, ma hyacinths amagulitsidwa pamawu awo abwino: Kutulutsa. Poterepa, mababu amabzalidwa mumzinthu zazing'onoting'ono kuti dothi latsala pang'ono kuwoneka. Zomera zam'munda zoterezi zimathandizidwa ndi kuthirira ndi mankhwala. Njira imeneyi ikasiya, duwa limatha kufa. Chifukwa chake, kuti tisunge maluwa, maluwa atagulidwa ayenera kuwaika mumphika ndi dothi, ngakhale atulutsa kapena ayi. Ngati wagula mumtsuko wokhala ndi gawo lokwanira, ndi bwino kukana kumuika. Pambuyo pake pakutha, babuwo amakumbidwa ndikupumula.

Kukula kwa Pot Hyacinth

Yesetsani kuti musayike mahwindo pazenera, pomwe pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwamadzi am'madzi kuchokera mabatire

Mphika wa hyacinth umayikidwa m'malo aliwonse owala, otentha. Kuyandikira kosafunikira kwa magetsi othandizira: ma radiator ndi ma hetera osiyanasiyana. Zamasamba abwinobwino, mbewuyo imakhala ndi malo abwino okwanira.

Panthawi yophukira, ma hyacinth amatha kuwunikira m'mawa ndi nyali ya incandescent kapena fluorescent. Kutentha kwambiri kwamaluwa ndi 20 ° C. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kokulimbitsa koma kosalekeza. Musalole kuti dothi liume. Ndikofunikira kupewa kuti madzi asalowe kumtunda kwa bulb ndi sinuses masamba.

Chifukwa chake, madzi amawonjezedwa pamphepete. Izi mosakayikitsa zidzapangitsa kukokoloka pang'onopang'ono kwa gawo lapansi. Popewa izi, chidebe chomwe chili ndi duwa chimasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Izi zimathandizanso kuti thunthu la mbewuyo likule molunjika. Ngati ndi kotheka (ngati dothi silili ndi thanzi lokwanira), kuthira feteleza ndi mchere wa michere ndikotheka.

Zomwe zili pamwambazi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zofunikira pakakulitsa mbeu poto. Koma sizotheka nthawi zonse kuwapatsa. Komabe, musadandaule ndi izi: hyacinth ndi yopanda pake kwenikweni ndipo imaphukira kutentha ndi kufunda kwa chipinda.

Kodi kusamalira kupereka hyacinth pambuyo maluwa

Alimi osadziwa maluwa sakudziwa choti achite ndi hyacinth itatha. Zonse zimatengera ngati mukufuna kutenga chomera china chambiri kuchokera ku babu iyi. Ngati sichoncho, duwa limakumbidwa ndikuthidwa. Koma mutha kuchita zina: kukumba babu ndikakuwonjezera kumunda. Pano adzapuma ndikupereka maluwa atsopano, omvera chisamaliro choyenera.

Ngati mukufuna kuchita nawo ntchito yoberekerayi ndikupitiliza kulima ma hyacinths, pitani motere.

1. Chomera chikazirala, dulani duwa.
2. Pitilizani kuthirira moyenera komanso kuvala pamwamba mpaka masamba otsala pachimtengo atafota. Munthawi imeneyi, babu adzachulukana pang'onopang'ono ndipo kuwonekera kwa ana ndikotheka.
3. Kenako, babuyo amachotsa panthaka ndikuyeretsa masamba owuma. Ngati pali ana, asiyanitseni.
4. Mababu omwe anazimiririka atatha kumera ndi osayenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Koma zingabzalidwe munthaka pamalo a maluwa kapena m'munda.

Upamwamba "wopulumutsa" wa ma hyacinth ndi zaka 10. Nthawi yonseyi amapatsa maluwa pafupipafupi 1 nthawi imodzi m'zaka 1-2.

Tikufika

Mababu a Hyacinth amabzalidwa pokhapokha ngati akufuna kutulutsa maluwa okongola kwambiri.

Pafupifupi, ma hyacinths pachimake masabata 1.5-2. Pomaliza, kuyanika kwa peduncle ndi masamba kumawonedwa. Kuyambira pano, kuthirira pang'onopang'ono kumachepetsedwa ndikuyimitsidwa kwathunthu maluwa atamasula.

Yang'anani! Simungadule masamba obiriwira komanso maluwa musanawume, chifukwa nthawi imeneyi pamatuluka zipatso zambiri.

Bulb ya peeled imabzalidwa pansi panthaka ya + 20-30 ° C. Nthawi yoyenera ndi theka loyamba la nthawi yophukira. Kuwala kumachitika mpaka kukuya kwa masentimita 10-12 pa dothi lolemera komanso 12-15 masentimita pamtunda womasuka komanso wopepuka.

1. Pangani chitsime chozama.
2. Thirani mchenga 1-2 cm.
3. Mtunda pakati pa mababu ndi 8-9 cm.
4. Lisanalowe chisanu kuphimba masamba 10 masentimita ndi mulch.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Monga chomera chilichonse, duwa limathanso kukhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo. Nthawi zambiri mukamakula ma hyacinths mumiphika, zotsatirazi zimapezeka.

Bakiteriya wachikasu

Ndi matendawa, masamba a chomera amakhudzidwa, kenako mababu (orchid pachithunzi)

Matendawa limodzi ndi liquefaction wa babu, kutulutsa fungo losasangalatsa, kutha kwa mbewu zikukula. Pa gawo loyambirira la kugonjetsedwa ndi zowola zachikasu, mawanga otuwa amawoneka pamasamba.

Parasitic apical rot

Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta dothi lovunda. Zizindikiro zake:

• maluwa osaya bulauni pamaluwa ndi masamba;
• nsonga zamasamba ophimbidwa ndi mycelium, wofowoka ndi kuwonongeka;
• vunda mizu.

Njira zowola zimathandizira kuthamanga ndi kutentha kwa mpweya.

Mose

Masamba amayambira kumera, kenako chomera chonse

Masamba obiriwira osawoneka bwino omwe amapezeka pamasamba ndi maluwa. Madera okhudzidwa amayamba kusanduka achikasu ndi kowuma. Kukula kwa mbewu kumachepera. Imfa yotheka.

Gray zowola

Kuola kwa ma gray kumabweretsa kufa kwa mababu (ojambulidwa ndi babu wa tulip)

Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mbewu kumayambiriro kwa kukula. Matendawa amadziwika ndi mapangidwe achikuda mawanga, omwe pang'onopang'ono amawonjezeka ndikupanga mtundu wa bulauni. Wokongola mwachangu, kuvunda kwa mizu kumayamba. Zomera zimafa.

Tizilombo

Imodzi mwa majeremusi a hyacinths ndi kuponya fodya.

Mukakula panja, tizirombo toopsa kwambiri ta hyacinths ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zotumphukira. Amatenga madziwo pachomera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maluwa ndi masamba awume. Popewa kuwonongeka, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi asidi kumachitika. "Fitoverm" wogwira ntchito kwambiri, "Akarin", "Accord".

Zomera zobzala mumphika ndi malo otseguka zimatha kuvutika ndi nematode. Izi tiziromboti tili amitundu iwiri: tsinde ndi ndulu. Zodziwika kwambiri ndizoyambirira, parasitic pamitundu yonse ya chomera, nthaka komanso mobisa. Pankhaniyi, mababu amfewetsa, kukula kwa hyacinth pang'onopang'ono kumatha.

Palibe njira zoyesera zolimbana ndi majeremusi awa. Ogulitsa ndiye mankhwala okhawo omwe ma nematode amakhudzidwa - Fitoverm. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira ndi prophylactic. Asanabzala panthaka, ufa umathiridwa ndimtundu wochepa thupi wa mankhwala osakanizika ndi nthaka mpaka 15 cm.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo mukamakula ma hyacinths: gome

Mndandanda wa zolakwika zomwe zingakhalepo mukamakulitsa mbewa mumphika ndi momwe mungakonzere zimathandizira wophunzitsira.

Kufalitsa kwa Hyacinth kunyumba

Mwachilengedwe, hyacinth imafalitsidwa ndi ana. Komanso, mababu amawonjezera kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri: zaka 3-5. Pazifukwa zoonekeratu, za kubzala kunyumba, njirayi siigwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni. Kwa zaka zosankha zamaluwa anyezi, njira zingapo zoyenera zolerera zinapezeka:

• ndi mbewu;
• ana
• kudula;
• kudula pansi;
• kugawanika kwa babu (kufalitsa mamba).

Chovuta kwambiri komanso chodyetsa nthawi yayitali ndi njira yoyamba yobala: ndi mbewu. Imakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mukufuna maluwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, omwe mababu ake sakugulitsidwa.

Kubalana ana

Kubereka ana ndiye kosavuta kwambiri

Njira yabwino kwambiri, yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zopindulitsa pazifukwa zingapo:

• maluwa oyamba amapezeka mchaka chachitatu mutabzala;
• machitidwe onse a chomera cha mayi ndi cholowa;
• kuchuluka kupulumuka.

Kukondoweza kwa mapangidwe a ana kumachitika pang'onopang'ono kuyambitsa pansi pa babu la amayi.

Kudula

Zidula zimakololedwa pakupanga masamba.

1. Sankhani tsamba ndi chogwirira ndikudula pafupi ndi tsinde la chomera momwe mungathere.
2. Gawo limathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komansoakulitsa.
3. Adabzala mumtsuko ndi gawo lapansi kapena pansi pa kanema.

Pambuyo pa masabata 3-4, kuzika kumachitika. Pambuyo pa masiku 50-60, mphukira zoyambirira za chomera chatsopanozo zimawonekera. M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, babu sanakumbidwe, amawasiyira nthawi yozizira pansi pa mulch.

Kudula kwapansi

Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi alimi odziwa ntchito.

Ndi njira yobala iyi, mababu akulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mndandanda wa zochita uli motere:

• kutsukidwa mbeu kuchokera kuzitsulo zamdothi;
• anayala kuyanika kwa masiku 5-7;
• ndi mpeni wakuthwa, dulani pansi pa mababu kuti dzenje la conical lipezeke;
• malo odulidwa pa babu ndikudula pansi amathandizidwa ndi njira yothira mafangayi (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito makala opindika);
• odulira mabotolo amayala pansi ndikukutidwa ndi pulasitiki wokutira.

Ana oyamba omwe ali ndi mainchesi a 5-10 mm amawonekera patatha miyezi 2-3. Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumalola (osati kutsika kuposa + 30 ° С), ndizotheka kuyika pansi.

Anyezi disgment

Njira yofalitsira imafunikira mababu akulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuthwa, amagawika magawo asanu ndi amodzi ndi asanu ndi limodzi. Chidutswa chilichonse chimapangidwa kukhala masikelo. Magawo onse amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mbewu yomwe idayambitsidwa imasungidwa m'matumba apulasitiki. M'mwezi woyamba pa kutentha kwa + 20-25 ° C, wachiwiri - + 17-20 ° C.

Ngati mungafune, mutha kulima maonekedwe okongola mumphika kunyumba. Izi zikuthandizira malangizo mwatsatanetsatane pa gawo lililonse lokonzekera ndi kumera kwa mbeu, kusamalira maluwa.