Khonde ndi gawo lofunikira pantchito yomanga nyumba, yomwe, kuwonjezera pa cholinga chake, imagwira ntchito yokongoletsa, ndikugogomezera kukongola kwa nyumbayo. Kukhala ngati kutsogolo kwa nyumbayo, khonde la nyumba yodziyimira payokha imatha kudziwa zambiri zokhudza mwini wakeyo: za zomwe amakonda, momwe amamuonera, chuma chake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ambiri a ife timayesa kukongoletsa mawonekedwe a nyumbayo kuti iwonekere kwa ena. Ndipo ngakhale atakhala kuti akumanga nyumbayo alibe mwayi wophatikiza khonde lokongola lamatabwa mnyumbamo, amatha kuzindikira kufunika kwakanthawi.
Zosankha Zapamwamba
Khonde la nyumba yamatabwa ndi yowonjezera kutsogolo kwa khomo la nyumbayo, yomwe imasinthira kuchokera pansi mpaka pansi.
Popeza kutalika kwakutali pakati pa pansi ndi pansi nthawi zambiri kumafika masentimita 50 mpaka 200 komanso kuposerapo, khonde limakhala ndi masitepe oyala kuchokera pamasitepe
Ntchito yofunikirayi ya khonde ndi kuti matalikidwe amatabwa adapangidwa kuti ateteze khomo lakutsogolo kwa nyumba ku chisanu ndi mvula. Chifukwa chake, nsanja yoyandikana ndi khomo lakutsogolo mulinso ndi denga. Kutengera mawonekedwe ndi cholinga cha khondayo mwina zingakhale ndi imodzi mwazomwe mungapangire, lingalirani zina za izo.
Njira # 1 - dera lotseguka pamasitepe
Pulatifomu yolumikizana yomwe ili ndi masitepe oyandikana nayo imakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yolumikizirana nyumba yomangidwa yamatabwa yazitali zazing'ono komanso ziwiri zazing'ono
Njira yachiwiri # - tsamba lomakhomeka pang'ono
Mukakonza khonde lomwe lili pamalo ochepa, mipanda yotsika imagwira ntchito yoteteza, kuteteza ku kugwa komanso kuvulala komwe kungachitike.
Pakhonde, lomwe kutalika kwake sikuposa theka lamitala, njanji zotere komanso makoma otsekeka pang'ono amapanga ngati kukongoletsa
Njira # 3 - khonde lotsekedwa
Eni nyumba zanyumba nthawi zambiri amakonzekeretsa khonde lowala ngati ali ndi mwayi wokhazikitsa malo owonekera patsogolo pa khomo.
Danga lakhonde loterolo - khonde lachipinda, lopangidwa ndi mipando yabwino yam'munda, limakupatsani mwayi wolandila alendo komanso kukhala ndi tchuthi chosangalatsa m'moya watsopano
Kudzipangira khonde lamatabwa
Gawo # 1 - kapangidwe kamangidwe
Musanayambe ndikupanga khonde la nyumbayo, ndikofunikira kudziwa osati kukula kwa kapangidwe kake, komanso kuganizira kukhalapo kwa masitepe, kutalika kwa handrails ndi mawonekedwe apadera pakhonde.
Kafukufuku watsatanetsatane wa kapangidwe kamtsogolo kapenanso kujambula kwa khonde kukuthandizani kuti mutha kujambula malingaliro ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu
Mukamapanga kapangidwe kake, mfundo zingapo ziyenera kukumbukiridwa:
- M'lifupi mwa khonde la khonde, mulibe wocheperako kuposa khonde limodzi ndi theka la khomo lakutsogolo. Khonde ili pamlingo wofanana ndi pansi la nyumbayo. Pakadali pano, malire a 5 cm kuchokera pamalo a khonde la khomo lakutsogolo ayenera kuperekedwa. Izi zimathandiza kupewa zovuta ngati zingasokonezeke pamtunda wa matabwa motsogozedwa ndi chinyezi mukatsegula chitseko chamtsogolo. Zowonadi, malinga ndi zofunikira zotetezera moto, khomo lakutsogolo liyenera kungotsegukira kunja.
- Chiwerengero cha masitepe chimawerengeredwa pofotokoza kuti mukakweza, munthu amayenda pakhonde lomwe limatsogolera khomo lakumaso, phazi lomwe adayamba kusuntha. Mukakonza khonde lanyumba, nthawi zambiri amachita masitepe atatu, asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri. Kukula kwakukulu kwa masitepe: kutalika kwa 15-20 masentimita, ndi kuya kwa 30 cm.
- Masitepe amtondo opita kukhonde ayenera kuyikidwa pamalo otsetsereka pang'ono madigiri ochepa. Izi zimathandiza kuti madzi asasokonekere mvula ikagwa kapena kusungunuka kwa nyengo yozizira.
- Ndikofunika kuperekanso kukhoma kwa denga lomwe limateteza khomo lakutsogolo kuti lisade. Kukhalapo kwa mipanda ndi njanji kudzathandizira kukwera ndi kutsika kwa masitepesi, omwe amakhala owona makamaka nthawi yozizira, pomwe pamwamba paphimbidwa ndi ayezi kutumphuka. Kuchokera pamawonedwe a ergonomics, malo omasuka kwambiri kwa munthu wokwera m'mimba ndi 80-100 cm.
- Pomanga khonde, ziyeneranso kukumbukiridwa kuti polumikiza yowonjezera ku nyumba ya monolithic, ndikosayenera kwambiri kulumikiza zomangirazo mwamphamvu. Izi ndichifukwa choti nyumbayo ndi khonde, zokhala ndi miyeso yosiyana, zimapanga shrinkage osiyanasiyana. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa kusokonekera ndi kupunduka komwe kumalumikizana.
Gawo # 2 - kukonzekera zida ndi zomangira maziko
Kuti mupange khonde lamatabwa, muyenera zida:
- Mtengo wokhala ndi mtanda wa 100x200 mm kuti uikemo mitengo yothandizira;
- Mabodi okhala ndi makulidwe 30 mm pakukonzekera malowa ndi masitepe;
- 50 mm slats pazoyimitsa mbali ndi njanji;
- Maantiseptics opangira nkhuni pamtunda;
- Matope simenti.
Kuchokera pazida zomangira ziyenera kukonzedwa:
- Zowona kapena jigsaw;
- Nyundo;
- Mulingo;
- Screwdriver;
- Zida zokonza (misomali, zomangira);
- Fosholo.
Kupanga nyumba iliyonse kumayambira ndi kuyala maziko.
Njira yabwino yokhazikitsira chithandizo chodalirika komanso cholimba pomanga khonde lamatabwa ku nyumba ndikupanga maziko a mulu
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ya konkriti yachikhalidwe, maziko a mulu safuna ndalama zambiri kuti amange. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikosavuta kukhazikitsa: mwini aliyense yemwe ali ndi luso lokonzekera zomangamanga amatha kupanga mulu.
Zingwe zamatabwa zokuyikira othandizira ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala antiseptic musanayikidwe. Izi zimathandizira kupewa kutembenuka nkhuni ndikukula moyo wa chothandizira. M'malo akukhazikitsa zothandizira, timakumba maenje ndi akuya masentimita 80, pansi pake omwe amakhala ndi mchenga ndi "pilo" yamiyala.
Pambuyo posanjikiza maziko, timakhazikitsa nsapato zothandizirana, ndikuzikonza molingana ndi mulingo, kuyang'ana kutalika, ndipo zitatha ndikuzaza ndi simenti simenti
Kutalika kwa milu kuyenera kuwerengedwa kukumbukira kuti ngakhale nsanja ikaika, mtunda wotseka pakhomo uyenera kukhala wosachepera 5 cm.
Kutsanulira mokhazikika ndi matope a simenti, dikirani kuti aume kaye. Pambuyo pokhapokha timakonza mzere wokhazikika wa khoma lanyumba pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira zodzigumula. Izi zidzakulitsa kwambiri mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake. Zipika zimayikidwa molunjika pamakalata othandizira.
Gawo # 3 - kupanga kosour ndikukhazikitsa masitepe
Kuti mupange kuwuluka kwa masitepe, muyenera kupanga bolodi yapadera - yosoka kapena chomangira chingwe.
Kuthawa kwa masitepe kumatha kukhala ndi njira ziwiri: ndi masitepe oyambira kapena zowongolera zomwe zidadulidwa
Pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apadera atatu timapangira zomangira kukhala zingwe. Mutha kupanganso template yanu podula popanda kanthu kuchokera pamakatoni akuda. Imodzi mwa mbali zamtunduwu ikufanana ndi gawo lamlingo wamtsogolo - ndikuyenda, ndi wina wokhazikika - riser. Chiwerengero cha masitepe zimatengera kukula kwa khonde ndi katundu omwe akuyembekezeredwa kuti apirire.
Popeza tawerengera kuchuluka ndi kukula kwa masitepe, pa bolodi timakhala ndi zolemba za mbiri ya kutsogolo kwa mtsogolo. Monga maziko opangira uta, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yopanda matope, yomwe ndi dongosolo lachitetezo chachikulu kuposa zomangira zamtundu wamba.
Kuti tikonze pansi pamunsi pa uta, ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze konkrati yothandizira konkriti. Kuti muteteze gawo lotsika kuti lisakwerere pamtunda ndi pamwamba, ndikofunikira kuti ligwirizane ndi chotchingira mpweya.
Pakadali pano zomanga, ndikofunikira kuti mupereke chipangizo cha "khushoni" kuti muchotse chinyezi chambiri
Tatsanulira pulatifomu yothandizirana ndi matope a simenti, timadikirira kuti chimangiriratu ndipo pokhapokha titatha kukhazikitsa uta. Timaziyika pamathandizo pogwiritsa ntchito zomata kapena misomali. Mtunda pakati pa zingwe zolowa sayenera kupitirira mita imodzi ndi theka.
Gawo # 4 - msonkhano wamatabwa
Timalumikiza tambula tokonzedwa kale pogwiritsa ntchito makina, kapena pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotseka minga, timalumikiza papulatifomu. Kuti tichite izi, timakonza timabuluni tokhala ndi poyambira kuti m'mbali mwake kuti zotsalira zake zikhale zolowetsedwa.
Pambuyo pake, timapitiriza kukhazikitsa matabwa pansi pamalopo. Mukamaika mabatani, ndikofunikira kuti muziwakhazikika monga momwe mungathere. Izi zipewanso kupangika kwa mipata yayikulu pakuuma nkhuni.
Gawo lomaliza pamsonkhano wapakhonde lamatabwa ndikukhazikitsa masitepe ndi zikwiriro
Timayamba kuyika pansi kuchokera pansi, ndikuthamangitsa “lilime-ndi-poyambira” ndikuwakonzekeretsa ndi zomata. Choyamba timapachika chikopacho, kenako ndikupondaponda.
Khonde layandikira. Zimangopanga kubwerekera ndi kukonzekereranso. Kuti apange mawonekedwe ake kuti akhale okongola komanso owoneka bwino, ndikokwanira kuphimba pamwamba ndi varnish kapena utoto.
Makanema a chipangizo
Kanema 1:
Kanema 2:
