Snapdragon, kapena antirrinum, ndimaluwa wamaluwa wotulutsa maluwa mu banja la Psyllium. Amadziwikanso ndi mayina otchuka: Anthu a ku Russia amatcha maluwa "agalu", anthu aku Ukraine amazitcha "pakamwa," chifukwa achi French amatanthauza "khwangwala", ndipo kwa Chingerezi amachitcha "chinjoka choluma". Mwa alimi a maluwa, snapdragon ndi imodzi mwazomera zomwe amakonda kukongoletsa makonde, masitima, minda yamiyala, mabedi a maluwa ndi malire. Kuti chomera chisangalatse ndi maluwa owala mpaka nthawi yophukira, ndikofunikira kuisamalira bwino kuyambira pa nthawi yobzala mbewu.
Kodi kubzala snapdragon pa mbande
Kubzala ma snapdragons kuchokera ku mbewu ndikotheka m'njira ziwiri: kubzala pa mbande ndikubzala poyera. Malinga ndi zofalitsa zina, ndizotheka kuyika zinthu zodzala mwachindunji m'malo otentha okha, komanso kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Koma pazochitika zonse ziwiri, kukwaniritsa maluwa oyamba kale sizigwira ntchito.
Snapdragon amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yopanga masamba, ndiko kuti, kutalika kuchokera mmera mpaka maluwa oyamba. Atha masiku 100. Kukula duwa kudzera mu mbande ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yoyambira maluwa.
Mukamasankha tsiku lobzala, nyengo za kuderalo ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Nthawi yabwino kuchokera pakufesa mbewu mpaka kubzala mbande panja ndi masiku 50-60. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbande pamtunda wamalo chonde chisanachokere. Kutengera izi, zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yotentha, mbewu zitha kufesedwa kwa mbande kuyambira koyambirira kwa February. M'malo ovuta kwambiri a nyengo yomalizira, kufesa kuyenera kuchedwetsedwa ku Marichi kapena Epulo.
Kalendala yoyambira mwezi ithandizanso kudziwa nthawi yoyenera kubzala snapdragon mukamakula kuchokera pambewu.
Miyezi yabwino yopanga mwezi 2019
| Mwezi | Masiku osangalatsa | Masiku oyipa |
| February | 21-25 | - |
| Marichi | 12-17, 19, 20 | 6, 7, 21 |
| Epulo | 6-8, 11-13, 15-17, 29, 30 | 5, 19 |
Ngati pazifukwa zina sizingatheke kufesa mbewu masiku abwino malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuzindikira nyengo ya mwezi watsopano ndi mwezi wonse. Pakadali pano, kubzala maluwa sikofunikira.
Mitundu yotchuka ndi mitundu yokhala ndi zithunzi
Snapdragon ndi mbewu yosatha, koma chifukwa cha nyengo mu madera ambiri, imamera ngati pachaka. Kwa zaka 200 zapitazi, obereketsa adabzala mitundu 50 ndipo mitundu yoposa 1,000 ya mbewuyi.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu: mwa mtundu wa mawonekedwe a maluwa, nthawi ya maluwa, kutalika, utoto. Koma gulu la kutalika kwa chomera limadziwika kuti ndi lotchuka kwambiri, limaphatikizapo magulu asanu:
- patali
- otsika
- kukula kwapakatikati
- mkulu
- wamkulu.
Kalulu
Zosiyanasiyana za gululi zimayimiridwa ndi mbeu zazing'ono zomwe zimatalika masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito yokongoletsa m'malire, mabedi a maluwa ofala, maluwa mabedi, minda yamiyala, ndipo amakulanso miphika. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi iyi:
- Masewera Amwayi;
- Mtundu wa Sakura;
- Zojambula zamatsenga;
- Dzuwa
Otsika
Kutalika kwa mbewuzi kumasiyana masentimita 25 mpaka 40. Mtundu wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri umakongoletsa mabedi amaluwa, malire, mabasiketi opachikika, mabokosi a khonde ndi makontena. Magiredi otsika amaphatikizapo:
- Lampion;
- Tom Tamb;
- Kimozu;
- Chobwezera
- Kubalira kwa belu;
- Wundertepich.
Yapakatikati
Chiwombankhanga cha mitundu yayitali-kakulidwe sichimakonda kupalasa ndipo chili ndi mawonekedwe. Zomera zimakula mpaka 70 cm. Zimawoneka zowala pamabedi amaluwa ndi maluwa. Maluwa ndi abwino kudulira kwamtambo. Mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi:
- Scarlet Monarch;
- Lipstick Siliva;
- Rosella;
- Bizari F1;
- Maambulera apricot;
- Masana ndi usiku.
Pamwamba
Mitundu yotereyi imatchedwanso kudula. Amawoneka okongola m'maphala ndipo amapitilira masiku 7 mpaka 14. Maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azikongoletsa mitundu yosakanikirana, zopanga gulu. Kutalika kwa mbewu kumafika masentimita 90. Gulu la mitundu yayitali imaphatikizapo:
- Daimondi Rose;
- California
- Alaska
- Phwando loyera;
- Anna Herman;
- Madame Gulugufe.
Zachikulu
Zomera zamitundu yayikulu kapena zazikulu zimafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 130. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mundawo ngati "nsalu yotchinga" kubisa mpanda kapena khoma losalala. Zomera zabwino zakumunda zokhazikitsidwa m'magulu. Pali mitundu yotere:
- Arthur
- F1 Red XL;
- Maholide achi Roma;
- F1 Pink XL;
- University of California
Momwe mungabzalire snapdragon pa mbande
Gawo loyamba ndikukonzekera chidebe cha mbande, dothi ndikubzala zinthu zomwe.
Kukonzekera muli, nthaka ndi mbewu
Kwa mbande za snapdragon, chidebe chokhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 10. Miphika italiitali, makontena kapena mabokosi ambewu ndioyenera. Ndikofunika kuti ali ndi mabowo otungira madzi. Pansi pa thankiyo pamafunika kuwaza ndi dambo kuchokera ku dongo zokulirapo, miyala yamiyala kapena mchenga wowuma.
Dothi lofesa liyenera kukhala lopepuka komanso lotayirira. Mutha kugula gawo lapansi mu sitolo kapena kukonzekera nokha.
Kuti mupange dothi labwino kunyumba, mudzafunika:
- dziko la turf;
- mchenga;
- peat;
- inavunda humus;
- phulusa.
Zigawo zonse ziyenera kutengedwa m'magawo ofanana, sakanizani bwino ndikusesa dothi pogwiritsa ntchito sume. Kenako muyenera kuthira dothi mu thankiyo ndikuthira ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Izi ziyenera kuchitika masiku awiri isanachitike.
Kukonzekera zodzala kuyeneranso kuchitika pasadakhale. Mutha kugula kapena kusonkhanitsa nokha kwa makapu amaluu opsa. Mbewu za snapdragon ndizochepa kwambiri, koma zimamera kwambiri.
Mavuto amatha kuyanjana ndi zolakwika zotsatirazi zomwe zimabzala mukabzala mbewu:
- kubisa chisanadze chomera, chomwe chimatsogolera kuvunda kwa chovala chofunda cha mbewu;
- kuphatikiza mbewu ndi dothi komanso pankhaniyi, kusowa kwa dzuwa lokwanira, komwe amafunikira kuyambitsa kukula ndi kumera.
Kuti muwonjezere kumera kwa njere za snapdragon, ndikofunikira kuziyika mufiriji kapena chipinda chozizira masabata angapo musanabzike. Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala kozungulira + 5 ° C. Stratization imayendetsa kukula kwa zinthu zofunikira kubzala.
Kubzala snapdragons
Mukakonza zofunikira, mutha kupita kwanyumba mwachindunji:
- Dothi la mbande liyenera kumasulidwa ndikuthiridwa ndi madzi kuchokera botolo lothira.
- Gawani nthanga za snapdragon moyenerera panthaka.
- Patulani mbewuzo ndi madzi kuchokera mfuti yofukizira kuti igwiritsike pansi.
- Phimbani beseni ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki wokutira. Kuthamanga kwanyengo kudzathandizira kumera kwa mbeu.
- Ikani chidebe m'malo. Mbewu zimatha kumera pa 10-12 ° C, koma ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kuzikhala mu 18-22 ° C.
Nthambi zoyamba za snapdragon zimatha kuonekera patangotha masiku 5 mutabzala. Pambuyo masiku 10-15, mbewu zonse zimamera. Pakadali pano, muyenera kuthira dothi la millimeter mu thankiyo.
Kusamalira Mbewu
Mphukira zitawonekera, filimu kapena galasi limatha kuchotsedwa. Masiku 20 oyambirira a mbande amafunikira kuunikira kwabwino kokha, mpweya wofunda ndi kuthirira pang'ono.
Patatha masiku 20-25 zikamera, mbewuzo zifunikira kusankha. Itha kuziyika mbande imodzi kapena mbande zingapo.
Kuwasamalira pambuyo pake, kuwonjezera pa kutsirira pafupipafupi, kuyeneranso kuphatikiza feteleza wa mchere. Kuti muchite izi, kamodzi pakatha masiku 7, muyenera kuthirira madzi ndikuwaza mbewu ndi yankho la succinic acid. Izi zimathandizira kuti pakhale maluwa.
Kuti mbewu zikhale zolimba komanso zosagwirizana ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe, zimafunikira njira yolimbitsira. Iyenera kuyambitsidwa masiku 15 mpaka 20 mbande zisanatumizidwe pamalopo. Njira yabwino ndiyokuikamo mbandezo pamalo obiriwira kapena kutentha. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti muyenera kutulutsa nthangala zanu kwakanthawi. Yambani ndi mphindi 20 patsiku. Kwa masiku 15, nthawiyo imayenera kuwonjezeka mpaka maola 8.
Kubzala mbande panthaka
Kuyika kwa snapdragons m'malo okhazikika kumatha kuchitika ngati nyengo yofunda ikhazikitsidwa popanda kuopseza chisanu. Kubzala mbewu kumadalira mitundu yake:
- mtunda pakati pa mbande za gulu locheperako uzikhala 15-20 cm;
- Mitundu yotsika komanso yaying'ono iyenera kubzalidwa pamtunda wa 50 cm kuchokera wina ndi mnzake;
- Zomera zazitali zimasoweka masentimita 70.
Kusamalanso kwa snapdragons kumaphatikizapo kuthirira pafupipafupi, kudula, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mchere, komanso kupanga chitsamba. Kuti mbewuyo isataye kukongoletsa kwake, ndipo maluwa ndi owala komanso akulu, muyenera kutsina ndi mphukira zam'tsogolo pakanthawi.
Snapdragon ndi chomera chosabereka, motero zitheka kuti chidzakulitsa wokhazikika komanso wophukira pang'ono. Podziwa momwe zinthu zilili komanso maluwa osamalira bwino, mutha kupeza mbewu zolimba komanso zokongola zomwe zingasangalale ndi maluwa otentha kuyambira Meyi kufunda Ogasiti.
