Anthu adziwa ndi kulemekeza raspberries kuyambira kalekale. Ku Russia, mabulosi awa adadziwika m'zaka za XII ndipo adakhala ofala. Padziko lapansi pali mitundu yopitilira 600 ya rasipiberi. Amalimidwa m'maiko 37, pamakampani azigawo komanso mabizinesi wamba. Kuti musangalale ndi zipatso zonunkhira bwino nthawi yotentha komanso yophukira, muyenera kuyang'anira ma rasipiberi kuyambira masiku ofunda.
Momwe mungasamalire raspberries mu kasupe
Kukolola bwino kwa rasipiberi si mphatso yachilengedwe kwenikweni ngati ntchito yopweteka yolima wokonza dimba. Ngakhale mitundu yobala zipatso yambiri imatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa ngati siyakusamalidwa bwino kapena molakwika. Phunzirani malamulo oyamba aukadaulo waulimi kuti azitha kukhala ndi zipatso zotsekemera.
Kusamalidwa kwakukulu kwa raspulosi m'chaka kumayamba mu Marichi ndipo amabwera m'njira izi:
- shafa lotentha;
- kudulira
- kusamalira nthaka;
- wovala zovala
- kuvala kwapamwamba;
- kuthirira;
- chitetezo cha tizilombo;
- Chitetezo ku matenda.
Osamba otentha
Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, zotsalira za masamba ndi zinyalala pansi pa tchire ziyenera kukonzedwa mosamala. Zinyalala izi ziyenera kuwotchedwa, chifukwa zimatha kukhala ndi tizilombo komanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Mukatero muyenera kupanga shafa yotentha ya rasipiberi kuti muwononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pazomwe mukufuna:
- Bweretsani malita 5 a madzi kwa chithupsa ndikudzaza chowaza.
- Kuchokera pamtunda wa pafupifupi mita imodzi, kutsanulira tchire rasipiberi kudzera mwa spout ndi khunyu.
Njirayi siyopanda vuto lililonse, komanso yothandiza kwambiri kwa raspberries. Madzi otentha alibe nthawi yoti awotche impso za rasipiberi, chifukwa amayamba kuzizira mpaka madigiri 70 (mpaka afika tchire). Kusamba kotentha ndi njira yabwino kupha nematode, yomwe nthawi zina imagonjera ngakhale mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri.
Pafupifupi, kuthirira imodzi yokha ya madzi otentha ndikokwanira kukonza zitsamba za 2-4. Ngati tchire rasipiberi ndi zokulirapo (nthambi 10-15), ndiye kuti itani malita 5 amadzi m'mitengo iwiri.
Kudulira kwamasika
Mukatha kusamba, ngati kutentha kwakhazikika, ndiye kuti pamwamba pake padzaphwa, tchire la rasipili limadulidwa ndikuwumbika. Mosasamala kanthu za njira yodzalirira ma raspberries, ndichofunikira kwambiri kudulira m'magawo awiri: kumayambiriro kwa kasupe komanso pambuyo pake, kutentha kwamtunda kumayikidwa pamwamba pa madigiri 5
Mphukira wouma, wosiyana ndi utoto kuchokera kwa achichepere, amadulidwa pansi ndi secateurs lakuthwa
Pa siteji yoyamba, mphukira zofowoka pafupi ndi nthaka yomweyi imachotsedwa, kupukutidwa, kupindika, kuthyoka nthambi ndipo zimayambira ndi zotupa m'munsi (ndulu ya midgee nthawi yachisanu kumeneko). Patulani zitsamba zotsala, ndikusiya makulidwe a 6-8 pakapangidwe ka masango, mpaka 15-20 zimayambira pa mita imodzi yofanana ndi tepi (ngalande) kubzala. Kuchepetsa kumabweretsa zipatso zochepa ndi zipatso zazing'ono.
M'pofunika kudula achisanu, osweka, okhazikika komanso kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo ndikuwawotcha.
Mphukira wa rasipiberi, womwe ndulu yanthambo imakhala pakati, amakhala ndi makulidwe
Iyenera kupakidwa ndi sectiurs lakuthwa komanso malo owonongeka mu mazira oyambitsidwa ndi impso ya moyo wam'mwamba. Mu tchire tating'ono tathanzi, nsonga zimadulidwa mpaka 20 cm. Kutsina uku kuwonetsetsa kukula kwa mphukira zam'mbali.
Chiwembu kasupe kudulira rasipiberi tchire
Kanema: momwe angapangire rasipiberi mu kasupe
Kusamalira dothi
Kusamalira raspberries itatha nyengo yachisanu, wamaluwa ayenera kupewa kukumba dothi pakati pa mizere kuti asawononge mizu, kuya kwake sikupitirira masentimita 30. Kukumba timipata ndikololedwa kokha nthawi yophukira.
Pomalizira, dothi la rasipiberi limamenyedwa, ndiye kuti, limakutidwa ndi mulch (mulc) mpaka 15 cm. Monga zida zomwe mulching mutha kugwiritsa ntchito:
- zotsalira za phala;
- humus;
- udzu wowola;
- kompositi
Njira yolumikizira iyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi njira yakuzama (mpaka masentimita 10) kumasula ndi kuthirira yambiri.
Mulching imaletsa kufooka kwa gawo lapansi, imathandizira kuti chithandiziro chisungike kwakanthawi pansi pa tchire ndikugulitsa mizu ndi michere yambiri. Njira yothira mulching imaphatikizidwa pokhapokha ndi dothi lonyowa: amangofunikira kumasulidwa ndikuthira feteleza.
Mizu ya rasipiberi imayamba kukula, kugwira malo akulu. Popewa njirayi, ndikofunikira kupanga mpanda wa raspberries. Kuti muchite izi, ndikokwanira kukumba mzere wachitsulo kapena tini kuzungulira gawo lake lonse (m'lifupi mwa mzerewo muyenera kukhala mainchesi makumi awiri). Chifukwa cha chotchinga ichi, rasipiberiyo adzakhalabe m'malo mwake.
Rasipiberi Garter: Njira za Stake ndi Trellis
Mfundo yofunikanso ndi garter yoyenera ya mipesa ya rasipiberi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri makamaka kwa mitundu yopindilira kulemera kwa zipatso zawo. Ndondomeko ithandizanso:
- pewani kuthyoka mosasunthika komanso kosinthasintha komwe kumawomba mphepo ndi mvula;
- pirani nthambi zolemera;
- kupereka zitsamba ndi kuyatsa kwabwino;
- pangani kukolola kukhala kosangalatsa kwambiri (osakanda manja anu).
Pakapangidwa tchire la raspiberi, chimtengo chimayendetsedwa pakati pa tchire 2 ndipo theka la chitsamba limamangidwa (kuchokera pachitsinde chilichonse) kupita pamtengo uliwonse. Ndi njirayi, kupangira masitepe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Phesi lirilonse limadulidwa kutalika kwina - 10-15-20 cm.
Njira yosavuta, yachuma komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri yokongoletsera raspberries ndi yovuta
Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa ma othandizira ndi trellises. Momwe mungagwiritsire chovala moyenera:
- Tizilomboti tolumikizira timatsekedwa m'mbali komanso pakati pa mzere uliwonse.
- Wokoka pakati pawo (kutalika kwa gawo lamtanda wapamwamba ndi 100-120 cm, m'munsi - 60-80 cm).
- Mtengo uliwonse samamangiriridwa zolimba kwambiri ndi mamembala am'malo m'malo awiri, pogwiritsa ntchito hemp twine kapena mafupa a minofu yofewa. Chitsamba chomangidwa bwino chimayenera kukhala pamalo olunjika osagweramo.
Makilogalamu 2.2-2.3 mita amakumbidwa mu kukweza kwa 3.5-4,5 metres, waya amatambasulidwa pakati pawo kutalika kwa 0.75, 1 ndi 1.6 metres.
Zina mwa mitundu yosafunika garter, ndi:
- mitundu yoyambirira ya Hussar yokhala ndi zipatso zofiira;
- Tarusa zosiyanasiyana ndi mphukira za mtundu wamba;
- kukonza kalasi Monomakh Hat;
- Mitundu ya penguin yokhala ndi mtundu wanji wamtchire 1.1-1.4 m;
- wololera wosiyanasiyana mitundu Orange chozizwitsa ndi zipatso zazikulu golide.
Kuthirira
Ma rasipiberi amakonda kwambiri chinyezi, koma palibe ndondomeko yokhazikika yothirira. Amachitidwa molingana ndi boma la rasipiberi komanso nyengo. Makamaka kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kokwanira ndikofunikira kwa raspberries pa maluwa ndi mapangidwe a ovary. Ndikusowa kwa madzi, zipatsozo ndizochepa, zowuma, ndi bulu. Kutsirira kumachitika limodzi ndi mizere. Nthaka iyenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi mpaka 10 cm masentimita. Pamapeto kuthirira, mulching ndiyofunikira.
Kanema: momwe mungathiririre rasipiberi molondola komanso kangati
//youtube.com/watch?v=JYkouEipDYQ
Mukadulira, udzu ndi kumasula dothi, dyetsani mbewuzo ndikuwachiza tizirombo. Koyamba masika ndiyo nthawi yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Amabweretsedwera chipale chofewa chisanasungunuke. Nitrogen imachulukitsa zokolola ndikuyambitsa kukula ndi kukula kwa mphukira zamphamvu, komabe, sikofunikira kuti muwonjezere pamwamba pazomwe zimachitika.
Nitrogen feteleza amamuthira dothi lomwe langobowoleza koma osamasulidwa, lomwe limamasulidwa ku chisanu
Ndimabalalitsa urea kapena ammonium nitrate pansi mpaka magalamu 15 pa mita imodzi. m. (iyi ndi 1 matchbox). Pamodzi ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, ndimabweretsa phulusa, lomwenso limapangitsa nthaka kukhala yolimba.
Pofuna kupewa matenda oyamba ndi tizilombo komanso fangasi musanaphuke, ndimakonza tchire ndi dothi pansi pawo ndi 1% mkuwa chloride solution kapena ndimasakaniza 3% Bordeaux.
Nthawi yamasamba akuyamba, ndimayamba kulimbana ndi tizirombo: nsabwe za m'masamba, nkhupakupa, njenjete za rasipiberi. Ndimapanga ma bus ndi Fufanon pamlingo wa malita 2 a solution pa tchire 10. Ndimagwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe. Kuteteza mbewu ku mphutsi za weevil, ndimasungunulira supuni 5 za ufa wa mpiru mu 10 malita a madzi, ndikuumiriza maola 10-12 ndikuwaza zitsamba ndi izi.
Mitengo ya feteleza wa mchere amachokera ku 60-80 g / sq. m
Mukamasamalira rasipiberi, ndikofunikira kuti nthaka isawonongeke, motero mu April pansi pamatchire mumadzaza ndi udzu, peat kapena utuchi wokhala ndi masentimita 20. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito wakuda wa spanbond pamenepa. Kuphatikiza pakusunga chinyontho m'nthaka, ntchito yosavuta ngati iyi imakupatsani:
- kusunga kutentha kwamtunda kosalekeza;
- kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa namsongole ndi mphukira, kuwaletsa kuti asadutse mpaka kuwunika;
- Tetezani tchire m'nthaka m'nthaka;
- pezani rasipiberi zakudya zowonjezera.
Rasipiberi tchire amaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza: manyowa a manyowa, humus kapena manyowa a peat
Kusamalira ana a rasipiberi
Mu raspberries, zipatso zimapezeka mchaka chachiwiri, ndipo koyamba - mphukira zimangokulira. Kukula kwazing'ono kumafunikiranso kukonzanso bwino chitsamba, kudula mphukira zowonjezera kuti chitsamba chisinthane ndi mpweya wabwino, kuwala kokwanira komanso chakudya mtsogolo.
Ndi njira yamtchire yodzala rasipiberi, ndinadula mphukira zazing'ono za chaka choyamba ndi ma secateurs mpaka kutalika kwa 40-50 masentimita, ndipo kuthengo ndikusiyira mphukira wamkulu kwambiri komanso wathanzi latha. Ma secateurs anga nthawi zonse amakhala akuthwa, amakonzedwa ndi njira ya potaziyamu permanganate kuti matenda asalowe m'magawo.
Ponena za mitundu yokonza, zipatsozo zimapezeka paziphukira zazing'ono za chaka choyamba kumapeto. Ngati nyengo yachisanu isanakwanitse kudula gawo la mlengalenga ndipo mukufuna kupeza imodzi yokha, koma mbewu yayikulu, ndiye nthawi yophukira isanayambike nyengo yomera, zoyambira zonse ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Mphukira zikamamera ndi masentimita 30 mpaka 40, makulidwewo amachitidwa - ndi masamba asanu ndi limodzi okha a 5-6 omwe adatsalira. Ma tweezers, kapena kudina kwa mphukira zobiriwira, sanapangidwe pokonza mitundu.
Kanema: Kuvala rasipiberi
Chisamaliro cha Rasipiberi
Zipatso za rasipiberi wachikasu ndi mulunguend kwa anthu omwe samakonda zipatso zofiira. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chikasu ndi yosiyanasiyana. Koma pakulima raspberries wachikasu ndi ofiira palibenso kusiyana kwakukulu.
Ripiberi wachikasu ndi chitsamba cholimbana ndi chisanu kwambiri, chodziwika ndi kufooka kwa whimsicality komanso kupirira kwambiri.
Momwe mungasamalire raspberries wakuda
Zipatso za rasipiberi wakuda ndizachithandizo, zotsatira zake za anticarcinogenic zimatsimikiziridwa. Kusankhidwa kwa malo obzala, kapangidwe ka dothi, kuvala pamwamba, kutetezedwa ku tizirombo ndi matenda ndizofanana ndi rasipiberi wofiira. Komabe, pali zosiyana:
- raspberries wakuda ali ndi mizu yamphamvu;
- amapanga ochepa kwambiri ana;
- tchire silinama.
Cumberland Rasipiberi osiyanasiyana ndi wosakanizidwa wa rasipiberi ndi mabulosi akutchire
Kwa raspberries wakuda mchaka, ndikofunikira kupanga baka molondola. Pambuyo pa kukula kwachaka kwa mphukira mpaka 0,5 m, timadula nsonga zawo ndi 10 cm, ndiye pofika nthawi yophukira amapanga timabowo tambiri. Nthambi zofooka za chaka chatha zadulidwa kumunsi, ndipo zolimba zimafunika kufupikitsidwa, kusiya masamba 4-5 okha.
Kanema: Kudulira kwa masika kwa Cumberland wakuda raspberries
Zomwe zimachitika posamalira rasipiberi m'mbali
Chifukwa cha kudzipatula kwawo, rasipiberi amakula nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Ntchito yomwe obereketsawa adawonetsa padziko lapansi inali yozizira kwambiri, yolimba, yosasinthika. Komabe, ndibwino kuti musankhe mitundu ya rasipiberi ndi ma hybrids kuti mudzakulidwe.
Chisamaliro cha rasipiberi chakumaso ku Belarus
Kutentha kwa Belarus kumakhala kotentha, kokhala ndi kutentha kochepa, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi kuti musakokore tchire rasipiberi nthawi yachisanu. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yam'mawa yosamalira raspberries imatha kuyamba nthawi yomweyo ndikudulira komanso kuvala pamwamba. Nthawi ya ntchitozi zimasiyanasiyana masabata awiri ndi atatu pakati pa kumwera kwa dzikolo ndi kumpoto. Chifukwa chake, m'chigawo cha Vitebsk (kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Belarus), ntchito ndi raspberries imayamba mu Epulo, ndipo kumwera kwa Marichi. Kummwera ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira chinyezi cha nthaka ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, kuthirira tchire kumayambiriro kwamasika. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera pazovala zapamwamba za tchire la rasipiberi. Dothi la Belarus siliperekedwa mokwanira ndi zinthu zina zofunikira, makamaka boron, sulfure, ndi mkuwa. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zofunikira ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuvala kwamasamba.
Kupanga kuperewera mu yaying'ono- ndi ma macrocell, ndimagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa sitiroberi ndi raspberries Zdorov Turbo, ndiponso, mulibe chlorine. Mumtsuko wamadzi wambiri ndi 10 l ndimabzala feteleza 15 ndikuthirira kamodzi katatu pamwezi mpaka maluwa. M'nyengo yozizira yonse ndimatola mazira ndipo nthawi ya kasupe ndimaphatikizika ndimasakaniza phulusa. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kovala koyamba kwa kasupe ndikuchepetsa acidity. Ndimagwiritsanso ntchito phulusa kuteteza raspberries ku matenda: ndimathira magalamu 300 mumalita 10 amadzi, ndimalimbikitsa maola 5-6 ndipo, ndikuwonjezera magalamu 100 a sopo ochapira yamadzimadzi, kutsanulira mbewu.
Pakati penipeni pa Russia, m'matawuni
Nyengo ndi nyengo yapakati pa Russia ndi yabwino kubzala rasipiberi. Kusamalira mbewu ya masika m'derali sikuonekera bwino kapena kumayambira kumapeto kwa Marichi.
Kanema: Chisamaliro cha rasipiberi mchaka chaching'ono m'dera laling'ono
Ku Urals ndi Siberia
Kutentha kwa Siberia ndi Urals kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, kotero ntchito yamasika m'mitengo rasipiberi imangoyambira mu Epulo. Kutentha kwausiku kusanakhale pafupifupi zero, ndipo kutentha kwa masana kumachokera ku 2 mpaka 8 Celsius, sikuli koyenera kutsegula tchire pambuyo pa dzinja. Kutentha kwausiku kusanachitike pamwamba pa ziro, mbewuzo sizinakhazikike, koma dothi likutsegulidwa kale kuti lizitha kutentha ndikuyamba chakudya cha mizu. Kupopera mbewu komwe kumayamwa tchire kumatha kuchitika, pomwe mbewu zimatha kulekerera chisanu zobwerera. Kuyambitsa kukula kwa mphukira, mbewu zimakutidwa ndi zofunda zakuda. Dzutsani rasipiberi nthawi - ichi ndiye chinsinsi chakukula mabulosi ku Siberia ndi Urals.
Molondola komanso pa nthawi, mukamaliza ntchito yonse yamasika kusamalira ma raspberries, mupanga tchire lolimba, labwinobwino, mututa kukolola kwakukulu ndikupereka zokolola zamawa. Chithandizo chamakono chimawona ngati ma rasponiki kukhala njira ina yathanzi komanso moyo wautali, ndipo kukoma kwambiri kwa zipatso kumasiya aliyense wopanda chidwi. Chitani kanthawi kanyengo kuti musangalale ndi zipatso zabwino komanso zabwino.
