Zinsinsi za kubzala bwino mabulosi abwinobwino: Mfundo zofunika kubzala, kusamalira tchire zobzalidwa

Ma Blueberries ndi mabulosi athanzi, osasamala kuti asamalire, amakhudzidwa pang'ono ndi matenda ndi tizirombo, koma amafunikira panthaka. Ndikosavuta kupeza dimba lochita dothi lokhala ndi acidic wokwanira, komwe limamasuka, kumera ndi kubereka zipatso popanda chidwi. Chifukwa chake, kuti musangalale ndi zipatso zokoma, muyenera kuyesetsa osati kupanga zolakwika zosasinthika.

The nuances a kasupe ndi yophukira kubzala

Kodi ndibwino kubzala liti: kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira? Funso ili ndilokondweretsa kwa alimi ambiri omwe asankha kubzala mabuluni awo pamalo awo. Kubzala nthawi molunjika zimadalira nyengo yam'deralo. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala mbewu kumayambiriro kwa kasupe isanayambike kuyamwa. Koma ndi msika wachangu, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kosakhala ndi nthawi, ndiye kuli bwino kuchedwetsa ntchitoyo pakugwa.

Mkhalidwe waukulu wobzala masika ndikuti mbewu iyenera kubzalidwe masamba ake asanaphuke. Mukachita izi pambuyo pake, mabuluni amamera kwambiri, amakula bwino ndipo amatha kufa. Ndikwabwino kusankha mbewu mumbale kapena mapoto okhala ndi madzi okwanira lita imodzi kuti mizu yake singafinyidwe. Asanabzale, chotengerachi chizitsitsidwa mchidebe chamadzi kwa mphindi 20-30. Kwa malita 10 amadzi, onjezerani 100 g ya viniga 9% kapena 1 tbsp. l citric acid.

Mizu ya mbande yolimba imayenera kuluka ndi dothi, koma mu mawonekedwe awa sangabzalidwe nthawi yomweyo. Mizu yake imafunika kuwongoledwa kapena kupangika m'matope ndi chala chanu chachitali chotalika 4 chokhala ndi kuya kosaposa masentimita 1. Izi zithandiza nthaka mu dzenje kusakanikirana bwino ndi dothi lochokera mumphika, ndipo mizu imakula msanga.

Musanabzale michere m'nthaka kuchokera pachidebe, muyenera kupanga mizere mu dothi lomera kuti mizu imere msanga

M'malo mwake, kubzala mu yophukira sikusiyana ndi masika. Chachikulu ndichakuti mbande zimakhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu isanayambe chisanu. Kwa mbande zapachaka, zimalimbikitsidwa kudula nthambi zonse zofowoka ndi zopyapyala, ndikupanga zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi ½. Mbande zazaka ziwiri zokha sizidulidwa.

Mfundo zokulitsa

Tchire la Blueberry ndi zaka zana limodzi. Mu malo amodzi, akhala akukula kwa zaka zopitilira 30. Chifukwa chake, kusankha malo omwe mudzabzala kuyenera kufikiridwa moyenera: izi zithandiza kuti zisatenge nthawi, pomwe tchire silimera ndikuyamba kufa.

Kusankha malo kuthengo

M'malo otentha dzuwa, mabulosi abuluwa amakula, amakhala ndi zipatso komanso zokoma. Mthunzi kapena gawo linalake, tchire limatambalala, limakula, koma padzakhala zipatso zochepa, zimakhala zazing'ono komanso zowuma. Malowa akuyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu.

Ngakhale kuti ma buliberries amakonda kuthirira, mizu yake silivomereza madzi osasunthika, kotero kuya kwa pansi pamadzi kuyenera kupitirira theka la mita. Mabedi okhala ndi manyowa ayenera kukhala kutali kwambiri ndi malo obzala mabuluni - dera loterolo limamupha.

Kutambalala

Mtunda pakati pa tchire la mabulosi amodzi mzere umatsimikiziridwa ndi lamulo: kutalika komwe tchire lingafikire - ndi mtunda pakati pawo. Kutengera mitundu, ma buliberries amatha kukhala odabwitsa (80-100 cm), masentimita (1.5-1.8 m), wamtali (mpaka 2 m.) Mtunda pakati pa mizere ya buliberries ndi 1.5-2 mita.

Blueberries ndi Zomera Zoyandikana

Blueberry amamva bwino atazunguliridwa ndi junipers, ma hydrangeas, azaleas, rhododendrons, Heather - mbewu zomwe zimakonda dothi la acidic kapena acidic. Tchire za kiranberi zingabzalidwe munthaka - zimathandizana bwino.

Juniper - Chimodzi mwazomera zomwe mungabzalire mabuluni

Njira Zobzala Zipatso Zamtundu wa Blueberry

1. Mizu ya buluu sikhala yozama kuchokera panthaka - osaposa 20-30 cm. Chifukwa chake, ndikokwanira kupanga dzenje mpaka 50cm.Ukali wa dzenje uyenera kukhala 80-90 cm.
   

   Kubzala bowo kwa mabulosi amtunduwu kuyenera kufika mpaka 50 cm

2. Pansi pa dzenje, ndikofunikira kuthira ngalande ndi wosanjikiza pafupifupi masentimita 10-15. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito khungubwi yopondaponda ya conifers, komanso dongo lokulitsa, njerwa zosweka, mwala wosweka.
   

   Drainage kuchokera kumakungwa a paini woyipa amatsanulira pansi pa dzenjelo

3. Kenako dzenje lofikira limadzazidwa ndi peat acid. Dzenje la kukula uku lifunika feteleza pafupifupi 300 malita. Mutha kusakaniza acidic peat ndikuvunda zinyalala zowonjezera mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1 (150 l ya peat ndi 150 l zinyalala). Kuti timasule dothi lokonzedwa, mchenga ndi kachuni kakang'ono kakang'ono kumawonjezerako. Ma Blueberries amakonda dothi lotayirira, lopumira.
   

   Dzenje lobzala limadzaza asidi peat

4. Ngati malo omwe ali pamalowo ndi amchere kwambiri, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwaletsa kusakanikirana ndi dothi lokonzedwa, apo ayi acidity yake itha kuchepa. Kuti muchite izi, bowo lomwe limafikirako limakhala ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu kapena filimu yowirira yomwe ili ndi mabowo okwanira.
5. Mdzenje lodzala ndi dothi, muyenera kupanga bowo laling'ono, pansi pa mizu ya mmera ndikuyika chomera pamenepo, ndikukulitsa ndi masentimita angapo. Dziko lapansi mozungulira chitsamba liyenera kumapangidwa, kuthiriridwa ndikukhathamiritsidwa ndi stali yopukutira utuchi kapena zinyalala.
   

   Mutabzala mbande za mabulosi mu dothi losakanizika, nthaka imapangidwa, kuthirira ndi kuyilitsidwa
6. Mulch imathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale chinyezi komanso kupewa maudzu. Kuti zitheke, chingwe cholumikizira chokhala ndi kupingasa kwa 15-20 masentimita chitha kukhazikitsidwa kuzungulira mabowo.
   

   Kulowetsa chitsamba chomera mabulosi kumathandiza kukhala chinyezi

Njira yosavuta yodzalirira ma bulugamu pa chisa ndioyeneranso kwa oyamba kulima, m'malo omwe ali ndi dothi lolemera kapena pafupi ndi nthaka. Patsamba losankhidwa, masentimita 10 a dothi lakumtunda amachotsedwa, m'malo mwake, ngati bedi lalitali kapena phiri, dothi lokonzekera kale lomwe limatsanuliridwa. Chitsamba chimabzalidwa kumtunda, kuthiriridwa ndi kuyilitsidwa. Pofuna kuti zisakhudze, zitha kumangidwa ndi matabwa.

Kanema: Kubzala ndi kusamalira ma buliberries

Kusamalira tchire zobzalidwa

Kuti mupeze kukula kwabwino, mbande zikuyenera kukhala zowirikiza kawiri ndi kawiri pa sabata, kuthira ndowa ziwiri zamadzi pansi pa chitsamba, kuthana ndi kuyanika pang'ono kwa dothi. M'malo owuma, tchire liyenera kumalizidwa tsiku lililonse m'mawa ndi madzulo.

Kuchuluka kuthirira kumachepetsa nthaka acidity. Kusunga mulingo wokwanira wa acidity mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira, pafupifupi 0,5 makilogalamu a sulufule ya colloidal imayikidwa pansi pa mulch pansi pa mulch iliyonse.

Kanema: acidization wa dothi lochotsa mabulosi

Kubzala mabuliberiyamu ndi nthanga

Kukula kwa mitengo yokhala ndi nthangala ndi njira yovuta komanso yayitali, koma yosangalatsa komanso yotsika mtengo. Inde, mwanjira imeneyi mutha kupeza mbande zolimba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

1. Mbeu za Blueberry zitha kugulidwa, kapena mutha kuzisonkhanitsa nokha. Chifukwa cha izi, zipatso zopsa bwino ndizoyenera. Zamkati mwawo amayikidwa mu kapu yamadzi. Mbewu zofesedwa pansi ndizoyenera kubzala. Amasonkhanitsidwa ndikuuma.
   

   Kuchokera pamipanda yakucha-bwino mutha kupeza mbewu yoti mubzale
2. Mbewu zomwe zimagulidwa kapena kusungidwa masika mutabzala zimayikidwa munjira yoyambira: zimayikidwa mumchenga wonyowa kapena moss kwa masiku 80-90. Nthawi yonseyi, chidebe chomwe chili ndi njere chimayenera kukhala pamalo ozizira pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya sikukwera kuposa 5 ° C. Ngati mbewu zakonzedwa kuti zibzalidwe mukakolola kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndiye kuti siziyenera kusokonekera.
3. Mbeu zolimba zitha kufesedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, muli zosiyanasiyana muli: maluwa miphika, mabokosi, muli mbewu mbande. Chofunikira ndi kubzala mu peat ya asidi. Mbewu zimafalikira panthaka ndipo yokutidwa ndi dothi lonyowa pamwamba, wosanjikiza mpaka 5 mm.
4. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena kanema ndikuyika malo otentha.
   

   Bokosi lophimbidwa ndi galasi lokhala ndi nthangala zobzalidwa bwino liyenera kusungidwa m'malo otentha.

5. Ndikofunikira kuti muzithirira madzi nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuwongolera ndi mini hotbed.
6. Mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera patatha masabata 3-4 mutabzala. Ndikofunika kuchotsa chovalacho munthawi yake kuti mphukira zathanzi zisafe. Kuthirira panthawiyi kuyenera kukhala kokwanira komanso kwanthawi zonse.
7. Masamba oyambilira enieni akaoneka, mbewuzo zimasungidwa m'zotengera 1.5-2 lita. Mwa iwo, mbande zimatha kukula mpaka zaka ziwiri, kenako zimasunthidwa kumalo okhazikika.
   

   Muthanso kulima tchire mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha.

   

   Tchire lobiriwira tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono timatha kukula mpaka zaka ziwiri

Zomera zazing'ono zimafuna kuthirira kwambiri. Pakadali pano, amapanga mizu. Mabasi amafunikira kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wamaaminidwe ovuta pamene afika zaka chimodzi. Zamoyo sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma buliberries.

Zambiri zodzala mabuliberi m'magawo

Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolima pakusankha mitundu yoyenera, ma buluu amatha kumera kwathunthu kwathunthu. Mfundo yodzala ndi kusamalira ndi chimodzimodzi kumadera ambiri. Komabe pali zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa kuti muchite bwino kukula mabulosi awa.

Ural

Blueberry akumva bwino kwambiri nyengo yotentha ya Ural. Mutha kubzala mabulosi onse m'dzinja ndi masika. Mabasi obzalidwa nthawi ya masika amakhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu ndi kuchulukana bwino asanachokere nyengo yachisanu; akabzalidwa nthawi yophukira, ma buliberries amakula bwino komanso amakula nthawi.

Ku Urals, mabulosi obiriwira amasungidwa nthawi yozizira kokha mchaka choyamba mutabzala

Tchire zobzalidwa zimakhala pogona nthawi yozizira ikangoyamba nthawi yachisanu. Mitengo yamphamvu ya chipale chofewa yamaderali imateteza mizu kuti isazizidwe. Pofuna kuti zisaziziretse nthambi, zimakhazikika pansi ndikukhazikika. Makamaka nyengo yachisanu yozizira kwambiri imayala matalala ambiri. Mutha kukhazikitsa waya kapena waya pamatchi, ndikuphimba ndi burlap, ndikuphimba ndi chisanu pamwamba.

Siberia

Mu nyengo ya Siberian, ndibwino kubzala mitundu yaying'ono kapena yaying'ono yamtundu wamtundu wobiriwira womwe umakhala ndi nyengo yayifupi (masiku 70 - 130), ndikutha kuyika maluwa ndikupatsa mbewu nthawi yayifupi.

Malo obzala mabuliberiwa ayenera kusankhidwa ngati kuwala momwe angathere, kutetezedwa ndi mphepo. Ngati malowa ali m'chigwa chotsika, komwe kuli chinyezi chambiri, ndiye kuti ndibwino kubzala mbewu pamapeto kapena pamabedi akulu.

Kubzala mabulosi amtundu ku Siberia ndikwabwino kumapeto. Zomera zotere, ndikakhala ndi nthawi yoti mizu yake ikhale yolimba, imakhala yolimba komanso yolimbana ndi chisanu, yomwe imatha kuchitika nthawi yotentha. Kubzala mu nthawi ya masika nkosayembekezereka ndipo pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwakuti mbewuyo sidzakhala mizu.

M'dzinja, ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, tchire labulosi limamangidwa, lomwe limakutidwa pansi, yokutidwa ndi lutrasil kapena burlap. Chimango chimayikidwa pamwamba pa tchire ndipo nthambi za spruce kapena zofunda zokutira zimayikidwapo. Pokhala ndi malo abwino komanso pabwino, tchire limadutsa bwino.

Dera la Moscow

Omwe alimi ambiri ku Moscow Region akudziwa bwino ntchito yolima buluu. Kubzala mbewu kumachitika bwino kwambiri mu kugwa, poganizira kuti tchire liyenera kuzika mizu moyenera kuti zitheke nyengo yachisanu. Kubzala mbewu zazing'ono mchaka sikulimbikitsidwa, chifukwa kumayambiriro kwa June zipatsozi ndizotheka ndipo mphukira zazing'ono zimayatsidwa.

Kuzizira kozizira sikuwoneka nyengo yachisanu. Nthambi ziyenera kugwada pansi, kutetezedwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi nthambi za spruce kapena utuchi. Tchire limatha kufa ngati kutentha kuli pansipa -30 ° C kwa nthawi yayitali nthawi yozizira.

Belarus

Malonda amtundu wamtali anayamba kukula ku Belarus posachedwa, koma bwinobwino. Kulikonse komwe malo ambiri olima mabulosiwa amapezeka kuti ndi njira yabwinobwino yolimidwa. Dothi labwino kwambiri kumwera kwa dzikolo. Mutha kukonzanso dothi pobzala buluu komanso kuwonjezera dothi laminda. Komabe, zidzakhala zofunikira kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa nthaka yomwe ikuchokera.

Posachedwa, mitundu yayitali ya mabulosi amtunduwu yalimidwa ku Belarus

M'madera ena amtunduwu, ma buluu amatha kubzala m'nthaka yokonzedwa moyenera monganso kumwera. Nyengo yamasika komanso nthawi yophukira ndi yoyenera kubzala. Ndi chisamaliro chokhacho chofunikira chofunikira. Ndi masika obwerera masika, tchire zobzalidwa zimasalidwa madzi. Kusintha, chinyezi kumateteza masamba achichepere ku chisanu. Nthawi yophukira yophukira amasankhidwa poganizira kuti chisanachitike chisanu zitsamba ziyenera kuzika mizu. Zomera zazing'ono ziyenera kuphimbidwa nthawi yachisanu.

Chigawo cha Krasnodar

Ma Blueberries amakonda kwambiri dzuwa, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale m'malo otseguka. Koma kum'mwera, matenthedwe makamaka pamasiku otentha amatha kufikira 50 ° C. Chifukwa chake, m'malo awa tikulimbikitsidwa kuti togawire malo oti pakhale mthunzi wamtchire kapena kuwapangitsa kuti awachotsere. Chofunikira ndichofunika kuthirira nthawi zonse ndi mulch yabwino kuti dothi lisaphwe.

Ma Blueberries amayamba kuphukira mu Krasnodar Territory molawirira kwambiri, chisanu chikasungunuka, mu Meyi zipatso zimamangidwa kale. Chifukwa chake, kubzala kwa masika kumatha kutha - mbande zimayamba kutulutsa. Ndikwabwino kubzala mbewu nthawi yamadzulo. Kwa nthawi yozizira, tchire la mabulosi abulu limakhala ndi lutrasil wokwanira kapena china chilichonse chophimba.

Ubwino wa zipatso zakum'mwera poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimamera kumpoto ndizomwe zimakonda kukoma kwawo komanso kununkhira kwawo kwamphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso zakumwera ndizokulirapo.

Crimea

Otsutsa amati sizingatheke kukula mabulosi akumpoto ku Crimea. Inde, kulima mabulosi amtunduwu sikunakhale kofala kwambiri, koma alimi ambiri aku Crimea amalima bwino m'minda yawo.

Mfundo zotengera sizili zosiyana ndi madera ena. Ndikwabwino kubzala mbewu nthawi yamadzulo, theka lachiwiri la Seputembala. Pofika nyengo yoyamba kumapeto kwa Okutobala - koyambirira kwa Novembala, tchire layamba kale mizu. Mutha kuchedweratu kuti ifike kumapeto kwa kasupe, koma ndikutentha koyamba, pali mwayi woti musakhale nthawi yakutupa kwa impso.

Kutsirira koyenera kwa mabulosi am'madzi ndikofunikira kwambiri kumadera omwe kumatentha kwambiri.

M'masiku otentha kwambiri, tchire limasalala. Onetsetsani kuti mukuwunika chinyezi. Zabwino - kukonzekeretsa kuthirira.

Sikoyenera kuphimba tchire nthawi yachisanu, amalekerera nyengo yozizira bwino. Koma ngati m'derali muli mwayi wozizira mpaka -20 ° C pakalibe chipale chofewa, ndibwino kusewera motetezeka ndikuteteza mbewuyo pazakutchinga.

Ukraine

Ma Blueberries amatha kutchedwa mbewu yatsopano yamabulosi mdziko muno. Komabe, chikuwonjezereka kwambiri chaka chilichonse. Ndipo pali chifukwa chabwino, chifukwa nyengo nyengo yonse ya Ukraine ndi yabwino kwambiri pakukula.

Kutengera zanzeru zonse zaukadaulo waulimi, kukula kwa ma bulugamu kulinso kovuta kuposa ma currants akuda, ndipo sizivuta kupeza mbewu yayitali yamera.

Kubzala mabulosi amtunduwu tikulimbikitsidwa m'dzinja, pakati pa Seputembala. Asanakhazikike chisanu, mbewu zimatha kukhala ndi mizu yabwino. Popeza nthawi zina nthawi yozizira imakhala yozizira kwambiri sinatenthe kwambiri kutentha -25 ° C, ndibwino kuteteza mbewuzo.

Zolakwika zazikulu pakukulitsa mabulosi abulu

Omwe alimi ena, mouziridwa ndi lingaliro lakulitsa mabuluni, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotsutsana ndikufika pamalingaliro akuti kukulitsa mabulosi awa ndiodzaza ndimavuto ambiri. M'malo mwake, posazolowera mawonekedwe aukadaulo waulimi, simungathe kukwanitsa kukula ndi zipatso za buliberries, komanso kuwononga tchire.

Gome: Malingaliro olakwika ofala kwambiri mutabzala ndi kusamalira mabulosi akuda

Ndemanga zamaluwa

Kubzala mulimonse, nthawi yophukira ikayamba masika. Komanso, mbande zabwino mumiphika zimagulitsidwa. Koma chifukwa chofunsira ndekha ndizovuta kwambiri. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, koma madzi asasanduke. Mizu yake ndi yapamwamba. Ali ndi mycorrhiza wokhala ndi bowa. Ndipo KUSANGALATSA kuphatikiza dothi nthawi zonse!

Kumpoto//farmerforum.ru/viewtopic.php?t=841

Ndikofunikira kubzala tchire zingapo, mukadzabzala chimodzi, chimabala zipatso, koma mofooka. Musanabzale, ndibwino kuyika botilo mumtsuko wa madzi kwa ola limodzi, kuti muzu udalilidwe. Kumbani dzenje lalikulu ndikuphimba ndi peat yofiira ndikubzala masamba. Idzakulanso m'nthaka, koma imakonda nthaka yachonde. Kukana chisanu kumatengera zosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu yomwe chipatso chake sichipsa nthawi yachisanu. Mabulosi amdima amafunika dothi lopepuka, humus, acidic. Amakonda dothi lonyowa, koma osalolera kusefukira kwamadzi. Kuphatikiza kwathunthu kwa zaka 4 mutabzala.

Anatoly Gorobets//farmerforum.ru/viewtopic.php?t=841

Chikhalidwe cha Blueberry chimabala zipatso zambiri. Ndipo pambali pake, maluwa a blueberry amakaniratu kubwerera ku chisanu. Chifukwa chake, ndikuganiza kuti chikhalidwechi ndikulonjeza kwambiri ku Siberia ndi Urals. Ma Blueberries amakula bwino pamadothi wamba, komanso ngakhale kabatiati. Ngati dothi limapatsidwa asidi ndi sulufule wa pansi musanabzale. Ingotsanulira sulufu yazodzaza manja ochepa, ndikukumba mosamala ndi pitchfork ya m'munda. Bzalani mmera m'nthaka yokonzedwa. Ndipo mulch ndi utuchi, ndi zina. Kutsirira pafupipafupi ndikofunikira. Ndipo safunikanso "feteleza". Mutha kuyika ndi "colloidal sulfure." Ndipo popanda kukumba konse. Kungotaya dziko lapansi ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa sulufule. Ndiye kuti, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikusunga chilengedwe acidic. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri! Pakuwoneka bowa wofiirira wofiirira. Amadyetsa mbewuzo. Ndipo kwa iwo, yachiwiri yofunika ndi organic mulch. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito utuchi wofewa (wamkulu, kuchokera ku sawing). Ndili ndi dothi la kabati. Ndipo mabuliberi akhala akukulira kwa zaka zambiri. Zokolola zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndi zaka. Pansi pa chitsamba chamtundu wa buluu, lingonberry. Ndipo pafupi ndi izo ndi cranberries. Ndipo mbewu zonse zimamva bwino, ndipo nthawi zonse zimabala zipatso pachaka. Kwa nthawi yachisanu, ma buliberries, ndimangowerama kuti mphukira zikhale nthawi yonse yozizira pansi pa chipale chofewa. Ndili ndi chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa masentimita 50-60 kwa zaka. Sindimadula chitsamba. Ndimangochotsa mphukira zouma ngati izi zichitika.

Alexander Kuznetsov//www.forumdacha.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2546

Njira yokukula mabuliberiya imakhala nthawi yambiri, koma yosangalatsa, komanso kutsatira malamulo onse ingayende bwino. Masamba olimba komanso okongola okhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, zonunkhira komanso zodabwitsa adzakhala mphotho kwa wamaluwa wamakani.