Miltonia ndi chomera chokongola kwambiri chokhazikika cha banja la Orchid. Miltonia ndi maluwa osadziwika kwambiri omwe amafunikira kusamalidwa nthawi zonse.
Miltonia: kufotokoza kwakukulu
Zimakhulupirira kuti miltonia anabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku South America. Icho chimatchedwa "mpweya" orchid, chifukwa chilengedwe chimamera pamtengo kapena zomera zina, kutenga zakudya zina kuchokera kwa iwo ndikupeza chinyezi m'mlengalenga ndi mizu ya mpweya.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lakuti "miltonia" linatchulidwa dzina la E. Milton, wasayansi wa ku England, amene ankakonda ma orchids ndi kuwasonkhanitsa.
Mu chilengedwe, pali mitundu yambiri ya orchids miltonia, yopangidwa chifukwa cha kusanganikirana kwa chirengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, obereketsa akupanga zowonongeka. Zimapezeka kuti mtundu umodzi ukhoza kukhala ndi makolo 5-6-orchids. 
Masamba a miltonia ndi a mtundu wa chikasu, koma maluwawo ndi osiyana kwambiri: ofiira, ofiirira, ofiira owala, ndi zina zotero. Chimake cha maluwa a chomera ichi pamakhala pamtunda ndikuti amafanana ndi mapiko a butterfly.
Chimene Miltonia Amafunikira Kuti Chikulire Chikulire
Miltonia ndi chomera chovuta. Kusamalira miltonia kunyumba kungapatse mwiniwake mavuto ambiri, koma maluwawo adzathokoza maluwa okongola ndi onunkhira chaka chonse.
Nkofunika kupereka chomera ndi nthaka yabwino, yowala, koma osati kutentha, kuyamwa madzi, feteleza ndi mpweya wozizira.
Mukudziwa? Banja la Orchid ndilo lolemba mbiri ya ufumu wa ndiwo zamasamba.
Kuunikira
Miltonia amakonda kuwala ndi kutayika. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mphika ndi chomera m'chilimwe pazenera lazenera lazenera lakumwera, chifukwa dzuwa lotenthedwa limangotentha masamba.
Ngati palibe njira zina, muyenera kuzitenga ndi gauze, pepala kapena khungu. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi kukula kwa miltonia kumadzulo kapena kumadzulo kwawindo, kapena kumangoyambira pakati pa chipinda kapena khoma.
Koma apa ndi kofunika kutsatira kuwala. Mdima wamdima wa miltonia udzakhala chizindikiro cha kusowa kwina.
Kutentha
Kwa ma-orchids a miltonia, chisamaliro cha kunyumba chiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha ndi kusasintha kwa kutentha. Kutentha kwa nyumbayi ndi 20-23 ° C masana ndi 16-17 ° C usiku - maluwa okongolawa, komabe m'nyengo yozizira simuyenera kukonza maluwa pafupi ndi radiators kapena ena otentha kuti asapitirire kudyetsa.
Ndikofunikira! Miltonia amakonda kutsegula chipinda, koma palibe ma drafts omwe ayenera kuloledwa.
Masamba ophwanyika, opotoka, mafunde aang'ono samawonekeratu pamtundu wolakwika wa kutentha, ndipo awo omwe alipo kale amasiya kukula kwawo. Komabe, miltonia imathandiza kuti "akule," monga zomera zina. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale kuti maluwa angaganizire bwino maluwa amatha kusintha bwino.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Zithunzi za zomera zoweta ziyenera kuzindikira kuti maluwa monga miltonia ali ndi chofunikira cha kutentha kwa mpweya. Mlingo woyenera ndi 65-70%. Muzochitika zachikhalidwe, mzinda wa nyumba ulibe msinkhu uwu wa chinyezi. Mungathe kukonza zinthu mothandizidwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zamakono - zipangizo zamagetsi ndi zipangizo zopangira nyumba.
Mukhoza kukhazikitsa mphika wa madzi pafupi ndi mphika, umene umakhala wosasuntha pang'onopang'ono. Ngakhalenso bwino - kugula kapena kupanga pepala lokhala ndi latiti pamphika. Madzi amatsanulira pansi, mphika umaikidwa pamwamba. Nkofunika kuti musalole mizu ya miltonia kugwira madzi.
Ndikofunikira! MaseĊµera apamwamba a mpweya amafunika mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya wabwino.
Kupopera pa botolo la kutsitsi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Koma apa pali mbali: simungathe kuwaza madzi mwachindunji pa inflorescences ndi masamba.
Zidzakhala bwino kuzitsata ponseponse maluwa, kutulutsa mpweya.
Madzi otsika pa zomera angayambitse kudetsa, kapena mbadwo wa tizirombo.
Mtundu wa dothi
Dothi la kukongola kwa Brazil ukuyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso labwino kwambiri. Makungwa a mphika nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pansi pa mphika monga madzi.
Nthaka yokha imalimbikitsidwa kuti ipangidwe ndi sphagnum, yopunduka makungwa a spruce, perlite. Mungagwiritsenso ntchito kugula dothi lapadera la orchids kuchokera ku sitolo.
Miltonia momwe mungasamalire mutagula
Kusankha miltonia, mutagula malonda ayenera kuyamba pomwepo, chomera chikangobwera mnyumbamo. Kusankha malo abwino oti musunge, kupatsidwa kuwala ndi kutentha. Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe kuthirira ndi kuthirira feteleza za mtundu wa orchid zikuchitika.
Nthawi yopatsira miltonia
Mofanana ndi mitundu ina ya ma orchid, kusintha kwa miltonia sikuyenera kuchitidwa kawirikawiri. Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika zaka 3-4. Chizindikiro chomera chomeracho ndi mizu yotuluka mumphika.
Miltonia, ngakhale kuti sakukondwera miphika yayikulu, adayenera kukhala malo a mizu.
Musanaperekere miltonia, muyenera kusankha pa nthaka. Nthaka imatha kugulidwa mu sitolo yapadera (kugulitsa palipangidwe lokonzekera, kulemera kophatikizapo zinthu zofunika), kapena mukhoza kukonzekera nokha.
Ndikofunikira! Nthaka yosavuta "dothi" si yoyenera kubzala miltonia mmenemo.Mukhoza kutenga moss, masamba, masamba odulidwa, peat pansi ndi kukhuta nthaka pansi pa miltonia ndi izi.
Ndi bwino kubzala maluwa kumapeto kwa orchid. Nkofunikira kuchotsa maluwa kuchokera mu mphika (nthawi zina mumadula mphika kuti musamawononge mizu), dulani nthaka yakale, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, dulani mizu youma ndi yovunda ndi lumo.
Phika ndi bwino kutenga pulasitiki m'malo mwa ceramic, chifukwa imapangitsa chinyezi kukhala bwinoko. Kuzidzaza ndi gawo lapansi, simusowa kuti ukhale wandiweyani, dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira.
Mbali yaikulu ya miltonia iyenera kukhala pamwamba, pansi pambali mwa mphika wokha. Nthaka imakonzedwa pang'ono ndipo imasiyidwa mumthunzi kwa masiku angapo. 
Momwe mungamwetsere pulasitala
Pa ulimi wothirira, nthaka pansi pa miltonia iyenera kusungunuka bwino. Madzi otentha kapena madzi olekanitsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu chilengedwe, chomerachi nthawi zonse chimakhala ndi mvula yamvula, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kupanga zinthu zofanana panyumba.
Komabe, palibe njira yoti madzi azikhala mumphika aloledwa, mwinamwake zidzasochera mizu ya miltonia. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotayirira, mphika uyenera kukhala ndi mabowo apadera pansi komanso ngakhale kumbali. Kuthirira kumachitika ndi madzi ofunda, kamodzi kamodzi masiku 4-5. Madzi ochokera ku poto ayenera kuthiridwa nthawi zonse.
Ndikofunikira! Kuthirira kawirikawiri kumagwirizana ndi nthawi yogwira kukula kwa miltonia - m'chaka ndi chilimwe. M'nyengo yozizira, duwa likhoza kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri, koma osati kusiya nthaka yowuma.Simungathe kutsanulira madzi mwachindunji pansi pazu wa maluwa. Iyenera kuwonjezera mkaka wochepa wa orchid pamkati mwa mphika.
Feteleza ndi kuvala miltonia
Miltonia, ngati ma orchids ena, amafunikira kudyetsa ndi feteleza. Zingakhale bwino kugula chisakanizo cha feteleza wa orchid mu sitolo yapadera. Koma muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito mosamala, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwapangidwe kogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi theka.
Zovala zapamwamba zikhale zoyenera komanso zowonongeka, kamodzi pa milungu itatu iliyonse idzakhala yokwanira ngati ndi nthawi ya kukula kwa mbewu. Koma m'nyengo yozizira, pamene miltonia ikupuma, kudyetsa kungalekeke.
Mmene mungachulukire miltonia
Miltonia oyenera kubereka mbeu. Pamene chomeracho chinapanga ma pseudobulbs oposa 5-6, ndizotheka kuthetsa mphukira, komwe kuli ma pseudobulbs osachepera 3, ndipo, powaza malo odulidwa ndi malasha opunduka, yesetsani kukwera mu mphika wosiyana.
Ndizofunika kuchita izi kumapeto kwa chilimwe, koma osati kawiri konse kamodzi zaka zitatu. Miltonia, samakonda magawano oterewa, chifukwa pseudobulb yowonjezera maluwa, imakula mwamsanga ndikumenyana ndi mavuto ena.
Matenda aakulu a maluwa ndi tizirombo
Pankhani ya miltonia, ndikofunika kudziwa momwe angamuthandizire pa nthawiyi. Pochita izi, choyamba muyenera kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.
- Mmodzi wa iwo akhoza kukhala madzi a pansi. Mizu imayamba kuvunda, yomwe ingayambitse imfa yonse. Pankhaniyi, nthawi yomweyo muchotse miltonia mu mphika, kudula mbali zonse zokhudzana ndi mizu, yambani zigawo ndi malasha, ndi kuziika mu poto yatsopano yopanda banga. Kuthirira kwa nthawi yayandikira iyenera kuchepetsedwa.
- Vuto lina lodziwika bwino ndi gawo la salinity. Nsonga za masamba a orchid zimayamba kuuma, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizodziwikiratu kuti mutsegulire ku kuthirira mphika ndi madzi otentha, ofunda.
- Ngati maluwa ali mu chipinda chomwe mvula imakhala yochepa kwambiri, kapena kuti kugunda kwa dzuwa kumawomba maluwa, maluwa amachititsa chikasu. Choncho, m'pofunika kuti mwamsanga mukonze kayendedwe ka kunja.
- Mukawona madontho wakuda pamasamba, muyenera kuyang'ana tizirombo tosiyanasiyana pambali: nsabwe za m'masamba, whiteflies, akalulu, etc. Mukhoza kuwawononga ndi njira zenizeni "Mospilan" kapena "Bankol" (muyenera kutsatira malangizo pa phukusi).
Kodi mungatani ngati sitolo ili ndi mwayi "wogula mbewu ndi mizu yowonongeka, kapena mukusiya mizu kuvunda? Kodi mungapulumutse bwanji miltonia? Izi ndi zenizeni, ngakhale zitatenga nthawi yochuluka. Ziyenera kukhala tsiku lililonse kwa maola 3-4 zilowerere chomera m'madzi ofunda (21 ºC). Ndipo kuwonjezera pa madzi milungu iwiri iliyonse yonjezerani kukula kokondweretsa.
Kuti muzisangalala ndi pachimake cha miltonia, muyenera kuyesetsa mwakhama. Komabe, maluwa amenewa amakhala otchuka kwambiri pakati pa mafani a maluwa a nyumba. Ndikofunika kuiwala kusungunula nthaka pansi pa miltonia ndikuiyesa nthawi, ndiye mutha kusangalala maluwa chaka chonse.
