Kukula kwamatcheri: feteleza zofunika ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito

Cherry, monga mbewu ina iliyonse m'munda, amafuna chisamaliro chokhazikika, kuphatikiza kuvala kwapamwamba. Pali malamulo angapo omwe muyenera kudziwa nokha musanayambe chochitika ichi, komanso kuwerenga feteleza omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito ndi katundu wawo.

Mitundu yayikulu ya feteleza ndi mawonekedwe awo

Kudyetsa yamatcheri, ambiri feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito bwino zonse zomangamanga ndi mchere. Dziwani bwino za zomwe muli nazo komanso kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchuluka kwake (zambiri zimafotokozedwa pagome).

Musaiwale kuti feteleza onse ayenera kuthira nthaka isananyowe.

Urea

Urea imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazovala zapamwamba ndi zoyambira bwino

Urea ndi feteleza wotchuka yemwe anthu ambiri amalima. Muli nayitrogeni (46%), wofunikira pakukula kwa chomera chobiriwira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi mchere wa potaziyamu ngati mukumanga kutsuka kwamizu. Kutengera zaka za chitumbuwa, mudzafunika 50 mpaka 300 g pa mtengo umodzi wovala bwino.

Kutentha kwabwino kwamadzi pakukonzekera njira ya urea ndi 80 ° C.

Urea imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati cococycosis. Matendawa owopsa a fungal ndi opatsirana kwambiri ndipo amathanso kuthana ndi mitengo ya zipatso, komanso mbewu zina, monga apricot. Poletsa komanso kuwongolera, njira ya 3-5% (30-50 g ya urea + 10 l ya madzi) imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ayenera kusamba yamatcheri kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala.

Pamene chitumbuwa chiwonongeka chifukwa cha coccomycosis, masamba ake amakhala achikasu ndikuwonekera

Superphosphate

Superphosphate ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamavalidwe apamwamba a autumn

Superphosphate ndi imodzi mwazomwe feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi olima, omwe ali ndi zopindulitsa zambiri. Lili ndi michere - phosphorous (20-50%), chifukwa choti kuvala pamwamba kumathandizira kuti muchepetse kukalamba kwa chitsamba cha chitumbuwa, kuonjezera kukoma kwa zipatso, ndikupanga mizu. Ndikusowa kwa phosphorous, masamba a chomera amatembenukira utoto (nthawi zina pambali yokhotakhota) ndikuphimbidwa ndi masamba achikasu.

Ngati mbewuyo ilibe phosphorous, ndiye kuti mawonekedwe ofiirira amapaka utoto

Superphosphate yosavuta imayenda bwino ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, wachiwiri - wokhala ndi mchere wa potaziyamu. Siphatikizidwa ndi ammonium nitrate, choko ndi urea, ndiye kuti mupumule masiku 7-10 pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito fetelezayu.

Pa 1 m²100-150 g ya mankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Feteleza wa Potashi

Feteleza wa potaziyamu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kudyetsa ma cherries, chifukwa yamatcheri imakonda chlorine.

Potaziyamu mankhwala enaake ndi mchere wa potaziyamu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa ma cherries.

Potaziyamu mankhwala enaake

Potaziyamu chloride nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi olimi kudyetsa mitengo yazipatso. Feteleza uyu bwino ndikukula kwa mizu, kumakhudzana ndi chilolezo cha dzinja ndi kulolerana chilala, imayambitsa kukula kwa mphukira, zomwe zimawonjezera zokolola, ndipo zipatso zomwezokha zimakhala zotopetsa komanso zopatsa thupi.

Potaziyamu chloride imapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo pakudya chitumbuwa ndi bwino kusankha pang'onopang'ono (mwinanso imatchedwa mbewu).

Mchere wam potaziyamu

Mchere wa potaziyamu umapanganso potaziyamu, womwe umathandizira kukonza kagayidwe kazinthu ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chomera. Cherry imakhala ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa chlorine, komwe ndi gawo la fetelezayu, choncho tsatirani mosamala mukadyetsa. Osaposa 40 g kudalira mmera, pafupifupi 100 g pamtengo wachikulire.

Ammonium nitrate

Pali mitundu ingapo ya ammonium nitrate yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphatikiza yamatcheri.

Ammonium nitrate, monga urea, ndi gwero la nayitrogeni lofunikira kuti mbewu zikule, makamaka achichepere. Pakudyetsa yamatcheri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta ammonium nitrate (ikhoza kusintha m'malo mwa urea), komanso ammonia-potaziyamu, yomwe imatha kusintha kukoma kwa zipatso chifukwa cha potaziyamu momwe amapangira.

Mlingo woyenera kwambiri wa fetelezayu ndi -150 g pambewu imodzi ndi 300 g pamtengo wachikulire, ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito saltpeter m'malo mwa urea.

Kompositi

Manyowa ndi feteleza wodziwika bwino yemwe mutha kulemeretsa nthaka ndi zinthu zina zofunikira. Popeza ma cherries amafunikira kuvala kwapamwamba pafupipafupi, muyenera kukonzekera bwino chisakanizocho. Mu chidebe kapena pansi, ikani mawonekedwe a peat (masentimita 10-15), pamenepo - masamba zinyalala (masamba, masamba pamwamba, udzu). Thirani masheya ndi yankho la manyowa kapena manyowa (gawo limodzi la manyowa 20 magawo amadzi kapena gawo limodzi la manyowa mpaka magawo 10 a madzi, tsimikizani kwa masiku 10). Pa 1 m²lembani 400 g wa ammonium nitrate, 200 g wa potaziyamu sulfate ndi 500 g ya superphosphate iwiri. Dzazani chikalacho ndi dothi lapansi kapena peat (10 cm). Phimbani ndi zojambulazo. Pakatha miyezi iwiri, muluwo uyenera kugwedezeka, ndipo pakatha miyezi 4 kuchokera nthawi yokonzekera, kompositiyo yakonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito. Makilogalamu 5 ndi okwanira mtengo wachichepere, osachepera 30 makilogalamu kwa munthu wamkulu.

Phulusa

Phulusa limakwanitsa nthaka ndi michere yambiri

Phulusa ndi feteleza wotsika mtengo komanso wothandiza wokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunika pakukula kwa mbewu. Ash ndi wolemera mu potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, komanso muli sulufu, zinc, chitsulo, magnesium ndi calcium. Kudyetsa ndi phulusa kapena phulusa kumatha kusintha njira za metabolic, kukhazikitsa madzi moyenera ndikuwonjezera kulimba kwa zipatso za mitengo yozizira.

Kafukufuku Wakugwiritsa Ntchito

Laimu

Mu ulimi wamaluwa, laimu sagwiritsidwa ntchito pongochekerera, komanso kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa nthaka ndikuwadzaza ndi zinthu zofunikira. Chifukwa chake, calcium yomwe ili mandimu imathandizira kuti cherries ichulukitse chitetezo chokwanira, kukonza kagayidwe ndi kulimbitsa makhoma amitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimakhudza bwino mizu ya chitsamba. Kuchepetsa kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi imodzi muzaka 4-5, makamaka ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito zovala zapamwamba. Alumina, dothi lopepuka komanso loamy lifunika 400-600 g / m², wa dongo lolemera - 500-800 g / m².

Zizindikiro za dothi loumbidwa bwino ndimawonekedwe a msipu wobiriwira, mahatchi, maudzu ndi madzi osalala kapena pachimake.

Kuphatikiza apo, laimu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi cococycosis. Chimodzi mwazinthu zowongolera ndikutsuka mtengo. Kuphatikizika kwa kusakaniza: hydrate laimu (2 kg) + sulfate (300 g) + madzi (10 l).

Masamba otchedwa Whitewashing amathandiza kuthana ndi coccomycosis

Dolomite

Kubweretsa dolomite m'nthaka kungathandize kuchepetsa acidity, komanso kumuthira manyowa

Ufa wa Dolomite, komanso laimu, umagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsitsa acidity nthaka ndikusintha bwino. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa dolomite kumathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi magnesium, zimakhudza bwino kukula kwa tizilombo tothandiza komanso kumathandiza kulimbana ndi tizirombo tina. Kugwiritsa kwa 500-600 g pa 1 mita².

Ngati mukufunikira kuchepetsa acidity ya dothi, ndiye posankha chinthu choyenera, yang'anirani nthawi ya chaka: laimu imapikisana ndi oxidation bwino, koma ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira. Dolomite imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Kuphatikiza apo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthira ndi dothi la peeled nayo.

Kufotokozera za feteleza wa mchere

Kukula kwamatcheri: chiwembu ndi malamulo a umuna

Kotero kuti kuvala kwapamwamba sikumawononga chitumbuwa, muyenera kutsatira malamulo a umuna.

Chozungulira

Kusamalira ma cherries, muyenera kusiya zozungulira

Kuti muwonetsetse kudya kwamatcheri olondola, musaiwale kupanga bwalo. Bwalo loyandikana nalo ndi malo olimidwa dothi lozungulira pomwe pali feteleza zina (mwachitsanzo, mchere wamchere). Kubweretsa feteleza zina (mwachitsanzo, organic kapena zothetsera), komanso kuthilira, kumachitika mu mzere wakunja wa bwalo loyandikira. M'lifupi mwa mzere woterewu muyenera kukhala 20-30 cm, kuya - 20-25 cm.

Danga la thunthu limasiyana ndi zaka za chitumbuwa:

M'chaka choyamba cha ulimi wothirira, zungulirani mozungulira mtunda wa 10-15 masentimita kuchokera mmera.
M'chaka chachiwiri, thunthu la mitengoyo lidzachitika patali 25-25 masentimita kuchokera mmera.
M'chaka chachitatu, mtunda ukwera mpaka 40-50 cm.
M'zaka wachinayi komanso zotsatirazi, pomwe korona amapangika, malire a thunthu amayenera kugwirizana ndi malire a korona. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa ena amaganiza kuti m'mimba mwake muli thunthu ndipo ndi 1.5 makulidwe a korona.

Kutsirira ndi kuvala pamwamba kumachitika mu mzere wakunja kwa thunthu

Cherry pamwamba kuvala ndi zaka - chidule

Chiwembuchi ndiwonse ndipo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera onse.

M'badwo wa Cherry	1 chaka	2 chaka	3 zaka	4 zaka	Ngati mwaphatikiza feteleza munthawi yake, ndipo mtengo wanu umakula bwino (ukubala zipatso, osatembenuka chikasu nthawi isanachitike, ndi zina zotere), ndiye kuti mungasinthe ndikudyetsa pang'ono. Kuti tichite izi, tifunika kugwiritsa ntchito 300 g ya superphosphate ndi 100 g ya potaziyamu kolorayidi ndi nthawi 1 iliyonse zaka 4 kuti organic kanthu (30 makilogalamu a humus kapena kompositi mu 1 kunja kwakunja) kamodzi pakatha zaka 3 pafupi ndi thunthu. Ngati chitumbuwa chikukula bwino (mawonekedwe ofooka samabereka, osabala zipatso, ndi zina) ndipo akusowa michere, ndiye kuti kudyetsa pachaka kuyenera kuchitika kwa zaka zina zitatu. Chitani dothi lochepetsa kamodzi pazaka zisanu. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mandimu, yambani kukumba dothi kenako ndikumwaza magazi pansi. Musaiwale kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito laimu mwina kumayambiriro kwamasika kapena nthawi yophukira, kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Komanso, musagwiritse ntchito ntchito yodula nthawi imodzi ndi fetitrogeni (urea) ndi feteleza wa organic (kompositi).	Zaka 5-6	Zaka 7	Cherry amaonedwa kuti ndi wokhazikika ndipo safunikanso kudyetsedwa pachaka. 1 mu zaka ziwiri kasupe kuwonjezera urea ndi 1 nthawi 4 zaka zinanso mulingo womwewo wazaka 7 mutabzala mmera. Kuchepetsa kumachitika kamodzi pazaka 5 zilizonse molingana ndi malamulo omwewo.
Nthawi yamasika	Konzani dzenjelo. Paramita: kuya - 40-50 cm, mainchesi - 50-80 cm. Njira Yodyetsera Na. 1 Pansi pa dzenjelo, onjezerani zosakaniza za potaziyamu mankhwala enaake (25 g) ndi superphosphate (40 g), mutanyowetsa nthaka. Dzazani feteleza ndi dothi lotalika masentimita 5-8. Mutabzala mmera, dzazani dzenje ndikulemba motere: humus + kumtunda kwachonde dothi (1 gawo) + humus (1 gawo). Njira Yodyetsera Na. 2 Pansi pa dzenje, onjezerani zosakaniza za potaziyamu mankhwala enaake (20 g) ndi superphosphate (40 g). Mutabzala mmera, dzazani dzenjelo ndikulemba izi: phulusa (1 makilogalamu) + manyowa kapena kompositi (3-4 makilogalamu) wosakanizika ndi nthaka yochotsedwa mu dzenjelo. Dziwani kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa ovunda, pokhapokha mutha kuwononga mizu ya mmera.	Nambala yapamwamba yovala 1. Imachitika nthawi yomweyo chisanu chitasungunuka. Onjezani yankho la zitosi za nkhuku kapena manyowa mumtengo wakunja wa thunthu. Kukonzekera: zitosi za nkhuku (gawo limodzi) + madzi (magawo 20). Sakanizani ndi kunena panja masiku 10; manyowa (gawo limodzi) + madzi (magawo 4). Sakanizani ndi kunena m'malo otentha kwa masiku 10. Chepetsa musanagwiritse ntchito motere: 1 gawo yankho lamagawo anayi a madzi. Musaiwale kutaya kwambiri mzere musanagwiritse ntchito feteleza. Kudyetsa Na. 2. Imachitika ndi njira yomweyo mutayamba maluwa. Ngati simukufuna kuthira nthaka, ndiye kuti ma organics amatha kusinthidwa ndi ammonium nitrate (kumwa - 150 g feteleza kwa mmera aliyense).	Kuyambira chaka chachitatu kuyambira nthawi yobzala, chitumbuwa chimayamba kubala zipatso, motero, chimafunikira kuvala pafupipafupi. Musanafike budding, onjezani zotsatirazi pa mita iliyonse ya thunthu: mozungulira superphosphate (20 g) + mchere wa potaziyamu (10 g). Mutatha maluwa, onjezani 1 lita imodzi ya phulusa pathanthwe lakunja la thunthu, mutatha kunyowetsa nthaka. Muthanso kuthira kwamatcheri ndi yankho la feteleza wa mchere: mchere wa potaziyamu (supuni ziwiri) + urea (supuni 1) + 10 malita a madzi; potaziyamu nitrate (2 tbsp) + 10 l madzi.	Kumayambiriro ndi pakati pa Epulo, onjezerani 150 g a urea pamtengo wozungulira ndikukumba dothi.		Kumayambiriro kwa m'ma Epulo, thirani mafuta akunja ndi yankho la ammofoski (30 g ya mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi). Mtengo uliwonse uzitenga malita 30.	Pakati pa Epulo, onjezani 300 g a urea kuzungulira-stem pafupi ndi kukumba.
Nthawi yachilimwe	Palibe kuvala kwapamwamba	Palibe kuvala kwapamwamba	Chithandizo cha chilimwe chimayenera kuchitika pakubwera ndi kukula kwa thumba losunga mazira, komanso pakupsa chipatso. Chitani zovala zapamwamba pamutu: kuchepetsa urea (50 g) m'madzi (10 l) ndikumwaza korona. Bwerezaninso njirayi kawiri ndi masiku 10. Kusanthula kumachitika madzulo kapena kwamvula. Kuti mumange mbewu, dyetsani chitumbuwa ndi yankho la phulusa (1 lita imodzi ya phulusa pa 10 lita imodzi yamadzi). Ndikofunikira kuthirira bwalo lonse. Pa mtengo umodzi muyenera malita 20-30. Pakati pa Ogasiti, dyetsani ma cherries kachiwiri ndi phulusa chimodzimodzi kapena ndi dolomite (1 chikho dolomite pa 10 l yamadzi). Pa mtengo 1, malita 20-35 apita. Pambuyo pa masiku 5-10, mutha kuthira feteleza ndi njira ya potaziyamu ya potaziyamu: mchere wa potaziyamu (1 tbsp) + wapawiri wa superphosphate (2 tbsp) + 10 l wamadzi. Mlingo ndi njira yothirira ndizofanana.	Kumapeto kwa Julayi - kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, onjezani 300 g ya superphosphate iwiri ndi 100 g ya potaziyamu sodium ku bwalo loyandikira.		Palibe kuvala kwapamwamba	Kudyetsa sikuchitika.
Nthawi yophukira	Palibe kuvala kwapamwamba	Pakati pa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti ndikuyamba kwa Seputembara, onjezani 5 kg ya humus ndi 100 g ya superphosphate iwiri pa 1 mita kumiyala yakunja² pansi pa mtengo uliwonse. Pakati kuyambira kumapeto kwa Okutobala, kukumba mozungulira-phula lozungulira ndikuwonjezera phulusa la 1.5 makilogalamu, 150 g ya superphosphate ndi 30-40 g wa potaziyamu kloriyamu pa mita imodzi kuya kwa 8-10 cm.	Njira 1 Pakati kuyambira kumapeto kwa Okutobala, kukumbani bwalo lozungulira ndikuwonjezera ma 2-3 kg a humus ndi feteleza wopopera (100 g wa superphosphate ndi 30 g wa potaziyamu chloride / m²). Chosankha No. 2 (m'nthaka yac acid) Pakati kuyambira pakati pa kumapeto kwa Okutobala, kukumbani bwalo moyandikira ndikuwonjezerapo 2-3 kg ya humus, ndi 2 kg ya dolomite ufa mu mzere wakunja.	Pakati pa Seputembala, onjezerani kompositi kapena furus kunja kwa mzere wakunja 20 makilogalamu pa mtengo umodzi ndi kukumba.		Kudyetsa sikuchitika.	Pakati pa Seputembala, onjezerani mchere wosakanikirana pamtengo wozungulira: kawiri superphosphate (400 g) + potaziyamu sulfate (150 g). Kukumba pansi. Kumapeto kwa Seputembala, manyowa mizere yakunja, kuwonjezera 40 makilogalamu a humus ku mtengo uliwonse.

Omwe alimi ena amati feteleza wogwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala ayenera kukhala wokwanira zaka zoyambirira zitatu za moyo wa chitumbuwa. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'anira kutalika kwa nthambi: ngati kukula sikunachepe 30 cm masentimita pachaka, ndiye kuti chitumbuwa chimayenera kudyetsedwa malinga ndi chiwembu chokhazikitsidwa.

Malamulo odyetsa mitengo ya m'munda - kanema

Monga mukuwonera, yamatcheri, ngakhale imafunikira chisamaliro mosamalitsa, koma ndi yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo ngakhale kwa oyambitsa wamaluwa. Tsatirani malamulo onse ndi malingaliro ake munthawi yake, ndipo mudzadziyesa nokha mbewu yabwino.