ny.pastureone.com
Zomera

Bessey - microcherry yokhala ndi zazikulu zazikulu

Mlendo wochokera ku mabungwe aku America, Thumbelina wokongola, donna woyamba wa Siberia - zonse zili ndi chitumbuwa chotchedwa Bessey. Mtengo wodziwika pang'ono, koma wafalikira ndi zipatso yaying'ono ndipo umakhala ndi zabwino zambiri.

Mbiri ndi Kufotokozera kwa Bessey Cherries

Masamba a sandsey (steppe) a Bessey ndi amtundu wa microcherry. Adabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku North America, komwe amalimidwa kumatchire, mapiri amchenga, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Idafotokozedwa koyamba m'zaka za XIX ndi wasayansi waku America Charles Bessie, mwaulemu yemwe adatchulidwa. Kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka zana zapitazi, mayiko aku America ayamba kuswana kuti alimire Bessei. Mitundu yambiri idapezeka, koma tili ndi omwe sitikudziwika. Nthawi yomweyo, Bessey adafika ku USSR, komwe I.V. Michurin, yemwe adalimbikitsa chitsamba ichi ngati minda yoteteza, ndiye woyamba kumvetsera.

Kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za 50 za zana lomaliza mpaka pano, yamatcheri yakhala ikukula ku Siberia, ku Urals ndi kumadera ena chifukwa chakuzizira kwambiri kwazizira komanso kusadziletsa. Obereketsa ku Siberia adabereka kale mitundu ndi mitundu yambiri ya Bessei. State Record of the Russian Federation ikuphatikiza mitundu 29 yamatchuthi opeza ovomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.

Bessey Cherry ndi chitsamba chowoneka bwino.

Mtengowo ndi shrub mpaka 1 m kukwera, nthawi zambiri - mpaka 1.5-2, nthawi zina wamitala 3. Nthambi zofiirira zimamera mopingasa, nthawi zambiri zimagona pansi ndikulemedwa ndi mbewu. Mitundu yambiri yamakono, imatha kukula pamtunda wa 45 ° komanso ngakhale molunjika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipatso zambiri zitheke. Masamba ndi osalala, osalala, ofanana ndi masamba a msondodzi. Amamasuka mochedwa - kumapeto kwa Meyi, koma kwa nthawi yayitali - kwa masabata atatu. Zokolola, nthawi zambiri zipatso zimaphimba nthambi za pachaka. Zipatso zake ndi zakuda, zozungulira (komanso zitha kukhala zazitali, zowongoka), zazing'ono - kuchokera ku 1.5 mpaka 2.5 g. Komabe, pamitundu ina yapambuyo pake, imatha kufikira 3-5 g. Kukoma kwake ndikosangalatsa, kwatsopano. Zipatso zimapsa mu Ogasiti, sizimagwa ndipo zimapachika nthambi nthawi yayitali, zikuchepa ndikupeza kukoma.

Masamba a Bessey amdima

Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza, ma compotes, ma jams, zotetezedwa zimaphika kuchokera kwa iwo, ndipo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mawonekedwe owuma ndi owuma.

Mukabzala ndi kudula, chitumbuwa chimayamba kubala zipatso mchaka chachiwiri, mukadzala ndi mbewu - yachitatu. Zokolola zochuluka zimakololedwa pa zaka 2-5 za kuphukira, nthawi zambiri 3-5 makilogalamu ku chitsamba, mpaka 10 kg mosiyanasiyana komanso mosamala.

Chipatso chaching'ono chokhwima komanso cholimba chidzakhala bwino ndipo chizikhala momasuka kulikonse, ziribe kanthu komwe chimalira. Modabwitsa komanso opirira, zimalekerera chisanu ndi Siberia komanso chilala chambiri. Nthawi zonse kumasangalatsa ndi kukongoletsa kwambiri komanso chonde. Ndibwino kusangalala nthawi yamaluwa pomwe mphukira zake zimasanjidwa ndi maluwa oyera oyera ngati chipale, ophatikizidwa ndi mikanda yowala ya carmine-red stamens. Modabwitsa mokongola mu kugwa, pamene siliva wobiriwira, wamtali-wozungulira, wopapatiza, monga msondodzi, masamba amasanduka ofiira amitundu.

Ubwino wa Bessei:

  • kuthana ndi chisanu kwambiri, kumalimbana ndi chisanu mpaka -50 ° C;
  • kulekerera chilala;
  • chosakhudzika ndi dothi, kukana mchere;
  • kunyansala pakuchoka;
  • kukhwima koyambirira, kumayamba kubala zipatso mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala;
  • kusowa kwa kusanthula kwa tizilombo, chifukwa amachita mantha ndi fungo linalake (lofanana ndi fungo la chitumbuwa cha mbalame);
  • zipatso pachaka;
  • kusowa kwa zipatso zopunthika.

Zoyipa zake ndi monga chiwopsezo cha yamatcheri nyengo yonyowa kuti cococycosis ndi moniliosis.

Kanema: Bessey Cherry

Momwe Mungabzalire Bessey Cherry

Musanadzalemo Bessei patsamba lanu, onetsetsani kuti pali malo oyenera. Iyenera kukwezedwa, kuyatsidwa bwino, kupatsidwanso mpweya. Cherry samasankha kwambiri dothi, koma amakonda mchenga, mchenga wotentha kwambiri. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yamchere kapena yosalowerera, nthaka yachilengedwe iyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi mandimu kapena ufa wa dolomite.

Ngati malo apezeka, timapeza mbande. Limeneli si funso lophweka nthawi zonse. Si zigawo zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi nazale zomwe zimamera mbande za Bessei. Inde, mutha kupeza opanga ndi ogulitsa omwe angakutumizireni mbande ndi makalata, koma simungakhale otsimikiza za mtundu uliwonse wa zinthu zobzala.

Eya, ngati aliyense mwa oyandikana nawo kapena odziwana kale watulutsa chitumbuwa chotere. Kenako mutha kungowafunsira kudula kapena ngakhale kukumba nthambi zochepa kuti muzike mizu. Njirayi ndi yosavuta, yofanana ndi kubala kwa curators. Mutakumba nthambi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira, pofika nthawi yophukira mutha kupeza mbewu yabwino, yokhazikika. Koma ndibwino kuwabzala mu nthawi ya masika, malo obisika nthawi ya malimwe ali ndi chiwopsezo cha kuzizira, ngakhale chitumbuwa sichigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Chifukwa chake, mbande ndizabwino kwambiri prikupat ndikuphimba kwa chisanu mpaka masika.

Bessey amafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi masanjidwe

Tsatane-tsatane malangizo

Kubzala kwa Bessei ndikosavuta ndipo kosiyana kwambiri ndi kubzala kwamatcheri ena:

  1. Mukugwa, lemekezani malowa. Mtunda pakati pa mizere uzikhala 3-3,5 m, pakati pa mbeu mzere - 2 m.
  2. Konzani maenje oyandikira ndi mainchesi 50-60, akuya masentimita 40-50. Nthaka yachondeyo yapindidwa mosiyana.
  3. Dzazani maenjewo ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi manyowa kapena makilogalamu 10 mpaka 10, onjezani 1 litre la phulusa la nkhuni ndi superphosphate ochepa. Maenjewa amagona kwathunthu ndipo kuchokera pamwamba amapanga kakhola kakang'ono, komwe kamakhazikika mpaka nthawi yamasika.
  4. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, masamba asanatsegule (izi ndizofunikira), amayamba kubzala mwachindunji. Mbewu zowongoka, zowonongeka zimadulidwa ndi mitengo yodulira. Ngati chinali mchidebe, chichotsepo ndi dothi lapansi ndikuwongoleranso mizu. Ngati dziko lapansi linali lotayirira komanso lophwanyika - zili bwino.
  5. M'dzenje lobzala, mulu umapangidwa, pomwe mmera umayikiridwa, mizu imagawidwa mozungulira mulu. Imakutidwa ndi dziko lapansi, yowumbika komanso kuthiriridwa bwino ndimadzi (ndowa 2-3).
  6. Mulch ndi humus, kompositi, dothi yovunda, etc.
  7. Mphukira imadulidwa ndi 10-15 cm.

    Miche yam Cherry imayikidwa pa lolo, kufalitsa mizu m'mphepete mwake, kenako ndikufundidwa ndi dothi

Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro

Kukula ndi kusamalira Bessey si kolemetsa ndipo sikutanthauza kugwira ntchito yambiri:

  • ngati nthambi zopingasa pansi pa kulemera kwa mbewu zili pansi, pangani zokomera;
  • chotsani namsongole, ngati alipo;
  • kuchita kudulira mwaukhondo ngati kuli kotheka;
  • limbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungal pomwe aonekera;
  • M'nthawi ya chipale chofewa, tchire limakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, kuteteza mphukira kuti ziume mumlengalenga.

Kudulira

Kudulira kwa Bessei ndi kwachikale:

  • mutabzala, mmera umadulidwa ndi 10-15 masentimita, kenako chitsamba chimadzipanga chifukwa cha mphukira womwe ukukula kuchokera muzu;
  • khalani kudulira kwaukhondo kwachaka, komwe kumadzaza ndikuchotsa mphukira zouma ndi zowonongeka;
  • khalani ndi odana ndi ukalamba wodula mphukira zaka 6-7 (mpaka 100% mphukira zimatha kuchotsedwa, zitatha zomwe zatsopano zidzaphuka).

    Amatcheri amafunika kudulira mwaukhondo komanso odana ndi ukalamba

Katemera

Chifukwa cha kuthana ndi chisanu kwambiri (mpaka -26 ° C m'nthaka), ma chersey a Bessey nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera cha mtundu wawo komanso zipatso zambiri zamwala (maula, maula, ma apricot, ndi zina). Zomera zomwe zimamera pamatangadza, maluwa amatayika, omwe amachepetsa chiwonongeko cha masoka a masika. Mphamvu yakukula imacheperanso, yomwe imathandizira kupangidwa kwa korona wotsika. Bessey iyenso imamera mizu, kumtengowo.

Chitumbuwa cha Bessey chimabzalidwa pamtengo wokula bwino kapena pamtengo wazaka 1-3 (chitsamba). Monga katundu atha kukhala:

  • wina Bessey;
  • maula;
  • potembenuka;
  • ma apricot ndi ena.

Nthawi yabwino ya vaccination ndi masika, nthawi yogwira kuyamwa. M'chilimwe, amaloledwa kuchita njirayi, koma kuyandikira kumapeto, ndikoipa kwambiri kupulumuka.

Bessei amatha kumanikizidwa ndi zonse zopanda pake (kutulutsa) ndi diso (kupindika). Katemera:

  • phazi;
  • kwa khungwa;
  • mu ofika pambuyo pake;
  • mu cleavage.

Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono a katemera pakugawanika:

  1. Yambani ndikututa kudula. Kubzala masika, amakhala okonzeka kugwa, masamba atagwa, ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa dzinja. Ntchito yowoneka ngati yosavuta iyi ili ndi malamulo ake:
    • kudula kumafunika kudulidwa kuchokera ku zitsamba zotsimikiziridwa, monga zipatso zomwe mukutsimikiza kuti zokolola;
    • mphukira, kuchokera komwe kudula kudula, kuyenera kukhala pachaka, kucha bwino;
    • zodula zabwino kwambiri zili kumwera kwa tchire;
    • Tenga iwo kunja kwa korona;
    • kutalika kwa chogwirira kuzikhala 15-20 cm;
    • pa chogwirira pakhale masamba 4-5 opangidwa bwino;
    • kufupikitsika komwe kukubwera, kuposa;
    • kuchuluka kwa zodulidwa kuyenera kukhala zokulirapo pang'ono kuposa momwe zimafunikira.

      Zidutswa za Bessei zimakololedwa 15 cm cm, ndi 4-5 masamba opangidwa bwino

  2. Sungani zodulidwa mwanjira iyi:
    • kuchitira magawo amitundu mitundu;
    • mangani zodulidwazo m'mitolo ,ikani chikwama cha pulasitiki, koma osamangira - ayenera kupumira mpweya;
    • kuyikidwa mumtsuko, wokutidwa ndi mchenga wonyowa kapena utuchi;
    • chidebe chimasungidwa muchipinda chapansi kapena firiji kutentha kwa 0 ° C;
    • amatenga zidutswazo pasitolo pasanadutse ntchito, chifukwa pakadali pano ayenera kugona.
  3. Kenako konzani:
    1. Nthambi yosankhidwayo imadulidwa mbali yakumanja kwa nkhwangwa yake ndi mpango kapena mpeni wakuthwa.
    2. Chipewa kapena mpeni zimayambitsa kupendekera pakati pa nthambi ndi kuya kwa 10 cm. Ngati m'mimba mwake mulinso yokulirapo, mutha kudzala mitengo iwiri (kapena 3 ndi 4).

      Pakati pa scion, mapangidwe akuya kwa 10 cm amapangidwa.

    3. Chofunda kapena skiver imayikidwa mu cleavage kuti isatseke.
  4. Konzani scion:
    1. Amatulutsa phesi, onetsetsani kuti limasungidwa ndikuwathandiza:
      • makungwa amawoneka atsopano ndi osalala;
      • phesi limakutidwa mosavuta;
      • Makala ndi osalala, odyera;
      • nkhuni pamadulidwewo ndiwatsopano, zobiriwira zowoneka bwino.
    2. Mpeni wakuthwa kuchokera kumalekezero a chogwirira umapangitsa magawo awiri kupanga mphero, kutalika kwa 10-15 mm.
  5. Lowani m'malo:
    1. Shank yokonzekerayo (kapena 2) imayikidwa mu cleavage kuti ndege za zigawo (zomwe zimatchedwa kuti cambial zigawo) zigwirizane bwino.

      Zodulidwa zakonzedwa zimayikidwa mu chitsa chogawanikana kuti ndege zamadutsazo zigwirizane momasuka

    2. Mosamala tengani screwdriver, chogwirizira (kudula) chimatsalira mwa splinter.
    3. Tsamba la katemera limakutidwa ndi tepi.

      Katemera, atakulungidwa ndi tepi

    4. Wodula kumtunda kwa chitsa komanso malo opangira katemera amaphatikiza bwino ndi var var.
    5. Valani phukusi lomanikizidwa ndi zida zomata kuti mupange chinyontho chomwe mukufuna.
    6. Pakatha milungu iwiri, katemera amatenga mizu, ndipo phukusi limachotsedwa. Tepi yomatira imachotsedwa pambuyo pa katundu ndi scion ndikapukutidwa kwathunthu.

Bessei Ankalumikiza pa chitumbuwa wamba

Bessey, ndikulankhula mosamalitsa, siwoperewera kwenikweni. Mwa chiyambi, imakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi kumira, chifukwa chake, sichimagwirizana ndimatcheri wamba. Chifukwa chake, katemera wa Bessei wamatcheri samazika mizu, ndipo mosemphanitsa - chitumbuwa wamba sichimazika mizu, kumezanitsidwa ndi Bessei.

Momwe Mungakulire Mbewu za Chersey

Bessei amabala bwino kwambiri ndi mbewu. Chifukwa cha izi, nthangala za zipatso zakupsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mndandanda wamera womwe udakula mbande:

  1. Mafupa osankhidwa amasambitsidwa ndikuyika masiku 7 m'madzi.
  2. Zinthu zobzala zimatsukidwanso ndikuziika mu chidebe chodzazidwa ndi sphagnum moss, m'mbuyomu chomwe chimadzadza ndi madzi, kwa milungu ingapo pa kutentha kwa + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Mafupa ayenera kutupa nthawi imeneyi.
  3. Kuti mbewu imere, chidebe chimayikidwa m'firiji ndi kutentha kwa + 3 ... + 6 ° C mpaka theka la mbewu lidakulungidwa. Kenako mbewu zosaswa zimayikidwa padera la firiji ndi kutentha kwa 0 ° C kuyimitsa kukula, komwe zimasungidwa mpaka kufesa.

    Mphukira zimatulutsa pa kutentha kwa + 3 ... + 6 ° C

  4. Masiku 3-4 asanabzale, mbewu zimatenthedwa pa kutentha kwa + 19 ... + 21 ° C.
  5. Mbeu zofesedwa zimafesedwa pansi m'nthaka malo osakhalitsa, koma ndibwino kuti muchite izi mu chidebe chofika pansi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Musanachiritsire mankhwala ophera tizirombo, kenaka ikani pansi, mwachitsanzo, dongo lokulitsa, ndikudzaza ndi dothi lakonzedwa. humus kapena kompositi ndi peat), pambuyo pake mbewu zobzalidwa.
  6. Chaka chotsatira, mmera wachinyamatawo wakonzeka kubzala m'malo okhazikika.

    Chaka chimodzi mutabzala mbewu za chitumbuwa mumiphika, mbande ndizokonzekera kubzala

Matenda ndi tizirombo, njira zothanirana nawo

Monga tanena kale, Bessei alibe tizirombo. Mwamwayi, iwo akuuluka momuzungulira. Mitundu ina pazaka zingapo yokhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu imatha kukhudzidwa ndi matenda a fungal - coccomycosis ndi moniliosis. Nthawi zambiri (nthawi yozizira komanso yamvula) kugonjetsedwa kwa kleasterosporiosis ndikotheka.

Coccomycosis

Coccomycosis imawonekera motere:

  1. Malo owoneka ngati bulai kapena ofiira amawoneka kunja kwamasamba.
  2. Pakapita nthawi, zimachulukana, thupi limasiyidwa, masamba ofiirira amawonekera mkati mwa masamba.
  3. Pakutha kwa Julayi, masamba omwe adakhudzidwawo ayuma ndipo amagwa. Tchire limatha kutaya masamba (otchedwa tsamba la chilimwe kugwa).

    Ndi coccomycosis, mawanga amawoneka pamasamba

Masamba onse agwa amasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Mabasi amathandizidwa ndi fungicides yantchito (mankhwala othana ndi matenda a fungus). Chorus ndi Quadris wokhazikitsidwa bwino. Kufufuza kumachitika ndi gawo la masabata awiri, kusinthana kwa mankhwala. Popeza ndalamazi ndizowonjezera, ndikofunika kuti musazigwiritse ntchito katatu pachaka chilichonse. Zipatso zimatha kudyedwa pakatha masiku atatu ndi Quadris ndi masiku 7 mutatha kulandira chithandizo ndi Horus. Mu nthawi yophukira komanso (kapena) koyambirira kwamasika, ndikofunikira kuchitira mbewu pothana ndi 3% yankho la sodium sulfate kapena Bordeaux posakaniza.

Moniliosis

Moniliosis, kapena kuwotcha kwawodzimadzi kumadziwonekera mu April, nthawi yamaluwa. Kudzera mu bud, masamba a bowa amalowa nkhuni. Nthata zomwe zakhudzidwa, masamba, maluwa amawoneka ngati akuwotchedwa, koma wamaluwa ambiri amakhulupirira kuti izi ndi zizindikiro za chisanu chisanu kapena chisamaliro chambiri cha masika ndi mankhwala.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Monnilliosis kumawoneka ngati kwatentha

Mphukira zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kudulidwa ndikuwotchedwa, zotsalazo ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi fungicides mwatsatanetsatane, monga cococycosis. M'dzinja ndi masika, chomeracho chimayenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la 3% ya sulfate kapena Bordeaux.

Kleasterosporiosis

Kleasterosporiosis, kapena kuwona kwa hole kumakhudza masamba, mphukira, maluwa. Matendawa amayamba ndikuwoneka mawanga ofiira pamasamba. Mabala, akamachulukana, amawuma mkati ndikupanga mabowo. Masamba ndi zipatso ziume ndi kugwa. Zambiri za bowa nthawi yozizira mu khungwa, pam masamba, m'nthaka. Njira zowongolera ndizofanana ndi zakale.

Ndi kleasterosporiosis mabowo mawonekedwe pa masamba a chitumbuwa

Ndemanga ya Bessey

Chaka chathachi, ndidagula Chersey Bessey ndi makalata. Phukusi ili mkati, Novembala adafika; kunalibe matalala kale. Pa upangiri wa kalata yomwe idanyamulidwa ndi phukusi, ndidakumba mbande pafupifupi mozungulira. Zidachitika kuti chaka chatha pazifukwa zina sindidathe kupita kunyumbako ndipo ndidalibe wondigawira. Nditafika chaka chino, ndinazindikira kuti mbande zonse zili ndi moyo, zikutulutsa zipatso ndipo palibe chomwe chinawachitikira, iye yekha ndi chitumbuwa cha Bessey amene adatulutsa nthambi zatsopano zambiri zomwe sizikufanana ndi tsinde, koma mosamalitsa.

Elena

//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=6247&start=540

Riga, mchenga, besessey - mitundu yamtundu umodzi. Pukutulutsa kwachiwiri. zofunika. Moniliosis imathanso kukhudzidwa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ku Siberia, timayatsa mwachangu. Kukoma. Imakumbutsa ambiri chitumbuwa cha mbalame. Kwa ine kuli bwino. Osalemekeza. Muzu wanu mulibe kutentha. Amalemba kuti nthawi yozizira khosi mizu imatha kuchirikiza. Izi sizinachitike kwa ine. Ndi maula ndi chitumbuwa ndimamverera kuti mungu wochokera, koma osati kuti kukolola.Ndikamapukutidwa bwino, mbewuyo imachulukana. Koma yabwino kwambiri pokonzekera. Zipatso nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira komanso achikasu.
Limamasula kwambiri, pafupifupi osagwa pansi mochedwa chifukwa cha maluwa akuchedwa. Chakumapeto kwa Meyi, koyambirira kwa Juni. M'chilimwe, masamba amakhala osalala. Mukugwa kwawo amapakidwa utoto wowala kwambiri.

Sorokin

//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=70636

Bessey ndi chitumbuwa chamchenga. Sichimayimitsa 100% nafe - imakhala pampanda wanga wosungira, mizu ili pafupi ndi miyala yaulere. Koma akuwoneka kuti wanyowa - ndikuyika zitsamba zitatu pansi pa phirilo, iye sanakonde ((
Zipatsozo ndizazikulu, zokutira kwamdima zakuda, pakamwa - china chake pakati pa yamatcheri ndi yamatcheri)) Zokoma, koma popanda kunenepa, pang'ono pang'ono. Kwa ine, chitumbuwa chokha chomwe ndingadye.
Chitsamba chili ndi mawonekedwe enaake - owononga pang'ono, koma amapangidwe mosavuta. Mtundu wa masamba ndiwosangalatsa wonyezimira, wamaluwa ndi maluwa oyera oyera onunkhira.

Contessa

//www.e1.ru/talk/forum/read.php?f=122&i=261730&t=261730

Posachedwa a Bessey asamukira kwathu kuchokera ku America. Ali ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa zovuta. Zachidziwikire, sizipikisana ndi mitundu yambiri yamatcheri, koma ndizowonjezera bwino kwa iwo ndipo amayenera malo ake m'munda ndi minda. Ngati mutha kugawa malo, komanso kugula mbande zingapo, muyenera kuyesa kukulitsa chitumbuwa chodabwitsa ichi ndikutsimikizira nokha zolondola zomwe zaperekedwa.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa