Mumitundu yambiri yazipatso m'dzina muli "kukongola". Koma sizichitika kawirikawiri ndi mawu oti "nkhalango", chifukwa, monga lamulo, mitengo yazipatso imakhala chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika kwa obereketsa. Nthawi zina mwayi umagwera, kenako peyala imatuluka kuthengo ndi zipatso zoyenera burashi ya ojambula achi Dutch, ndikupikisana ndi kukoma ndi mitundu yoswana.
Chiyambitsi cha kukongola kwa nkhalango
Anthu akhala akusonkhanitsa kuyambira nthawi zakale. Komabe, ndizovuta kuganiza kuti m'nkhalango, kuwonjezera pa zipatso ndi bowa, palinso mtengo wa peyala wokhala ndi zipatso zazikuluzikulu. Mbiri yateteza dzina la Flemish, yemwe zaka zopitilira mazana awiri zapitazo adatchulapo chomera chodabwitsa, ndi woweta, kudzera mu kuyesayesa kwake mitundu yosiyanasiyana idafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Koma koposa zonse, Mtengo Wokongola wa Mtengo unadzakhala mayi wokhala ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo ukupitilizabe kukometsa olima maluwa ndi akatswiri akadaulo mpaka pano.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu
Sanaphatikizidwe mu State Record. Adagawidwa m'maiko ena omwe kale anali Soviet Union: Central Asia, Armenia, Moldova, Ukraine, Estonia, adakulidwa kumadera akumwera kwa Russia - ku North Caucasus ndi dera la Volga. Ngakhale kuti nyengo m'magawo onsewa ndi osiyana kwambiri, Kukongola kwa Forest kumakhala ndi mizu ndipo kubala zipatso. Chinsinsi chake ndi kukana chisanu. Mtengowo umatha kulolera kuzizira pansipa 45zaC. Kulimbikira kumawonetsedwanso ndi maluwa, osakumana ndi masautso obwerera kwa 10zaC.
Kukongola kwa nkhalango kuli ndi korona wa piramidi komanso nthambi zowala pang'ono
Mitengoyi imakhala nthawi yayitali. Zikukula mosiyana ndi nthaka, komanso sizimamera dothi. Malo okonda kuwala. Ndi kupindika kwakukulu, zokolola zimavutika. Makamaka kukula kwa mapeyala amtunduwu kumadziwika m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za moyo.
Mtengo wamtundu wapakatikati wokhala ndi korona pafupi. Mphukira zake ndi zowongoka, ndipo zikuyenda pang'ono. Mtengowu ndi wa bulawuni wokhala ndi tint yoyera. Mphira zowoneka bwino sizowonekera pa khungwa. Oblivost samatchulidwa kwambiri.
Masamba ndi ang'ono, obiriwira owala, ovoid, okhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino osanjikiza kumapeto, omwe amakhala pa petioles lalitali.
Maluwa ndi ochepa, oyera komanso pinki. Pali payekha kapena kusungidwa mu inflorescence. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha maluwa chimawonedwa pa mphukira za zaka 4-5. Zosiyanazo ndizodzilimbitsa pang'ono. Malinga ndi malembawa, pafupifupi 70-75% ya maluwa samakhala moyandikana ndi mitundu ina. Pamaso pa opukutira mungu, zipatso zochulukirapo. Kuti muwonjezere zokolola, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala Bessemyanka, Williams, Lyubimitsa Klappa, mitundu ya Limonka pafupi ndi inzake.
Funso ndiloti ngati ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa zokongola za Mtengo Wokongola. Pokhala ndi zamkati zovundikira, zonona, zipatso zamtunduwu za peyala sizitha kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Amadyedwa mwatsopano. Ngati mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana imamera pamalowo, ndiye kuti funsoli lidzabuka posunga kapena kugulitsa zinthuzo. Kuphatikiza apo, nditayang'ana mtengo wanga womwe, ndidazindikira kuti ndi zochuluka za zokolola, nthambi zimayenda kwambiri, zimafunikira kusamalidwa, zipatso zake ndizochepa.
Maluwa a peyala Forest kukongola payekha kapena kusungidwa mu inflorescence
Zipatso zakupsa zimakhala zachikasu, chamawangamawanga, kumbali ya dzuwa ndizopaka utoto wowala. Khungu limakhala lopyapyala koma lamkaka. Mafupawo ndi akulu kwambiri. Ubwangwa wake ndi wopepuka, wosalala, wowawasa, pafupifupi wopanda miyala. Kununkhira ndikugwirizana, kokoma, ndi acidity yosangalatsa.
Ngati mukusonkhanitsa zipatsozo pang'ono pang'ono kuposa gawo lonse lakucha, mutha kuphika zipatso zokongola kwambiri. Ichi ndiye mchere wapamwamba komanso zokongoletsera kuphika kunyumba. Zipatso zimayenera kutsukidwa, kupendekedwa ndi chipinda cha mbewu, kudula ngakhale magawo woonda, kuyikamo mbale, yosanjikiza ndi shuga muyezo 1: 1. Tsiku lotsatira, zigawo zimatulutsidwa, ndipo chiwiya chomwe chili ndi msuzi wokhazikitsidwa chimabweretsedwa ndi chithupsa kwinaku chikukula. Pambuyo pake onjezani magawo a mapeyala ku madzi. Sakanizani pang'onopang'ono, bweretsani ku chithupsa ndikuzimitsa moto, ndikusiya magawo mu madzi. Chilichonse chimafunikira kubwerezedwa kawiri, ndipo chachitatu muyenera kuphika zipatso pamoto wochepa kwambiri kwa mphindi 15, kenako muwatulutse ndikuyika mu colander kuti muthe madziwo. Kenako ikani zipatsozo pa thireyi yoyanika. Magawo owuma owazidwa shuga abwino ndikusungidwa.
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa chipatso kuli pafupifupi 120-140 g.Popanda zabwino, kukula kwambiri. Kucha kwaubwenzi kumachitika theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti. Kucha mapeyala amatha, motero amakolola gawo limodzi lokhazikika, pafupifupi masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka khumi kale. Zikatero, zimatha kusungidwa kwa masabata ena 2-3 m'malo ozizira bwino.
Zipatso za Kukongola Kwamtchire zimakutidwa ndi timisoti, komanso yokutidwa ndi dzuwa
Mtengo wa mitengo yaying'ono mpaka zaka makumi awiri ndi 50-100 makilogalamu, pambuyo pake kukula kwa zipatso kumakulirakulira ndipo pofika zaka makumi anai, kutengera dera, kumatha kufika 200 kg kapena kupitirira. Palibe kutchulidwa kwakanthaŵi pakubweza zipatso kunadziwika. Pali kudalira nyengo: nyengo yotentha, zipatso zimakhala zambiri.
Ubwino wa Gawo:
- kuthana ndi chisanu kwamitengo yambiri
- moyo wautali;
- kuzindikira kwa mawonekedwe a nthaka;
- zokolola;
- kucha zipatso;
- kusowa kwa nthawi yochepa pakubala;
- kukoma koyenera ndi zipatso zokongola.
Zolakwika za ku Pearl Zokongola nazonso. Chachikulu ndi kusakhazikika kwa nkhanambo. Pachifukwa ichi, obereketsa adayamba kukhazikika pamtondo wa Forest Beauty yatsopano, yolimbana ndi nkhanambo, mitundu ya peyala pofuna kusunga zabwino za chomera cha mayi.
Zovuta zina:
- zipatso zimagwera pambuyo kupsa kwathunthu;
- osasungidwa nthawi yayitali;
- pakalibe kuunikira okwanira, zokolola zimachepa.
Komabe, mfundo yomaliza yachitika kale chifukwa chaukadaulo waulimi wosaphunzira.
Zomwe zimamera kuchokera ku peyala yowombera Mtengo wokongola
M'madera osiyanasiyana, katemera wa masewera akhungu kapena quince amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka. Kutengera ndi katundu, kuyamba kwa kubala zipatso kwa Kukongola kwa nkhalango kumasintha. Zipatso zimakonda kukhazikika pa quince, ndipo peyala, makamaka yamtali, imabweretsa zipatso mochedwa, kwa zaka 7-8. atafika.
Kodi masheya ndi chiyani? Ndikofunikira kuwononga mphukira nthawi zonse, makamaka ngale, chifukwa mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mphamvu yakukula.
Kubzala mitundu yamapira a Forest Kukongola
Kwa peyala iyi, nthawi yodzala siyofunika kwambiri, chifukwa siyakukula kumpoto. Koma olima ena amasankhabe masika kuti mbande zikhale ndi nthawi yokulirapo chilimwe. Madera omwe ali ndi dzuwa ndi oyenera mapeyala. Ngati mitengo ingapo iyenera kubzalidwa, mtunda wamtunda wamtunda wa 5-6 pakati pa mbewu. Bola mizu pachaka mbande kapena mwana wazaka ziwiri.
Zoyikika:
- Dzenje limakonzedwa ndi m'lifupi mwake masentimita 80-90, lakuya masentimita 70. Makoma adzenje ayenera kukhala osalala.
Makoma a dzenjelo ayenera kukhala owaza
- Zomera zokhala ndi mizu yotseguka zimabzalidwa, ndikuwongola mizu, ndipo zokhazikitsidwa zimayikidwa pakatikati pa dzenje, kuyesa kuti khosi la mizu lisakuzike. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani malo omwe akukonzekereratu.
Momwe mungadziwire kutalika kwa khosi mizu
- Humus, manyowa owola amawonjezeredwa ndi dothi losakaniza. Peyala imakonda dothi lowala, mutha kuwonjezera mchenga pazowerengera 1: 1: 1. Gwiritsani feteleza wa mchere, ngati mulibe organic. Pankhaniyi, onjezani 60 g ya potaziyamu sulfate ndi 150 g ya superphosphate ku dothi, sakanizani bwino. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wama granular, amakhala bwino. Amadzaza dzenje, kuyesa kuti asasiye malowo. Dothi limapangidwa pang'ono, ndikupanga dzenje lothirira. Kumtunda wakumwera kwa mmera ikani mtengo wokufikira ndi womangidwa momasuka ndi peyala. Madzi ambiri, ndikubweretsa pansi pa mtengo uliwonse ndowa ziwiri zamadzi.
Mutabzala, mmera umamwe madzi ambiri
- Chozungulira mozungulira mutathirira. Izi zimasungabe chinyezi ndikulepheretsa udzu kukula.
Kulowetsa thunthu kuzungulira kumalepheretsa udzu kuti musunge chinyezi
M'zaka zoyambirira, amayesetsa kuti bwalo wokhala pafupi-tsinde uziyera, mulch kapena udzu mosamala, ndipo mitengoyo ikamakula, kulumikizana kumatula.
Kudulira mozungulira mozungulira kumatha kuchitika mu mitengo yokhwima
Pa intaneti, pali makanema nthawi ndi nthawi, omwe olemba omwe amalimbikitsa kuthira misomali yodzala dzenje mu dzenjemo kubzala, makamaka kwa mapeyala ndi mitengo ya apulo. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti mwanjira iyi sizingatheke kudyetsa mitengo ndi chitsulo, koma ndizothekadi kubisa malowo. Kumwaza phula kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi yankho la 1% ya sulfate yachitsulo kuti tipewe kutukuka, timakonza thunthu ndi zotsalira za yankho, ndikudzaza dothi limodzi ndi mchere wamchere. Mwanjira ya sulfate, chitsulo chimamwidwa bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikokwanira mu manyowa, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi kukumba manyowa owola mu bwalo loyandikira, mutha kupha akalulu ochepa.
Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro
Mukangobzala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse ngaleyo. Woyendetsa wapakati amafupikitsidwa ndi masentimita 10-15. Masamba ochepa olimba ndi omwe atsalira, amawongolera mbali zoyipa za mphukira yotsatira. Mphukira zonse zimadulidwa mpaka chitatu pamtunda wakunja.
Kutsogololi, akamadula, amayesa kuchotsa makulidwe, kukula mkati kapena nthambi zosweka, osasiya stumps. Peyala imadziwika ndi kukula kwamphamvu, ndipo kudulira kosaphunzitsidwa kumangowononga.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha peyala yanga, ndinamvetsetsa komwe kuyerekezera kwamtunduwu kumachokera mu nthano zachabe: mumachotsa mutu umodzi, ndipo atatu amakula m'malo mwake. M'chaka choyamba mutagula kanyumba ka chilimwe, timangosangalala ndi zokolola, osaganizira momwe ukukula ndi zomwe zikukula. Chaka chotsatira, nditazindikira kudulira koyambira, ndinathamangira kukayeretsa mundawo. Mtengo wabwino kwambiri, wotambalala kwambiri unasanduka peyala. Zokolola zomwe zinali chaka choyamba, sitinawonenso. Ndipo nsonga zomwe zidamera m'malo mwa nthambi zakutali zowirikiza, kapena kuwirikiza katatu, zimakupangitsani kuganiza mwakuya, kodi zinali zoyenera kukhudza? Mwinanso zinali bwino kuti tipewe kudulira kotsukira, kungochotsa nthambi zokhazokha.
Kanema: momwe mungachepere peyala
Muyenera kukhala atcheru kwambiri ndi zida zamaluwa. Posachedwa, milandu ya kuwonongeka kwa peyala chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mabakiteriya yayamba kuchuluka. Choyambitsa matendawa nthawi zambiri ndi secateurs omwe sanapezeke, ndipo matendawa amatenga mbewu zatsopano.
Mizu ya peyala ndiyofunikira, ndiyamphamvu, koma imafunikiranso kuthirira, makamaka pakamera maluwa ndikukhazikitsa zipatso. Ndikofunikanso kupatsa madzi othirira madzi pakugwa, mutakolola.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mwa matenda a Forest Kukongola, ambiri ndi nkhanambo. Ichi ndi matenda fungal. Mapeyala makamaka amavutika ndi iyo nyengo yamvula yabwino komanso pakusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, masiku otentha amasinthidwa ndi usiku wozizira ndi mame olemera.
Masamba a peyala omwe akhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo
Olephera agwira mtengo wonse. Thumba losunga mazira laling'ono limagwa, zipatso zakupsa ndi masamba zimakutidwa ndi malo amdima. Zokolola zikuipiraipira.
Nkhanambo ikamenya thumba losunga mazira
Njira zopewera nkhanambo:
- Kusankha malo oyenera kukafika. Peyalayo iyenera kukula m'malo opumira. Mtunda pakati pa mitengo ndi osachepera 5-6 mita.
- Kudulira kwa nthawi yake. Nthambi zonse zosweka, zowonongeka, zamithunzi zimachotsedwa.
- Kuyeretsa bwino zinyalala.
- Kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwotcha masamba agwa mu kugwa.
Nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kasupe, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mkuwa kukonzekera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito (Bordeaux fluid, 1% yankho la mkuwa sulfate). Pa maluwa ndikukhazikitsa zipatso, fung fung ya systemic ndi kulumikizana imagwiritsidwa ntchito - Skor. Mankhwalawa alibe mankhwala oopsa kwa anthu, koma ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsatira njira zoteteza.
Kukumba mozungulira thunthu, kukolola munthawi yake ndikuchotsa zipatso ndi masamba m'malo zinyalala ndi njira imodzi yotetezereranso tizirombo tina ndi njenjete zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimasiya mphutsi m'nthaka.
Usanadze yozizira ndiwombo woyambirira wa masika, malamba osaka amateteza kufalikira kwa mphutsi ndi tizirombo tomwe timakhala pansi pa khungwa.
Vuto logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikuti polimbana ndi tizirombo, mankhwala oopsa a organophosphorous nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amafananizidwa ndi zida zamankhwala.
Muyeso wabwino kwambiri watetezedwe m'munda ndiukadaulo wodziwa bwino ulimi:
- Osawerengeka.
- Kudulira kwa nthawi yake.
- Kukwanira kokwanira.
- Kukolola ndi kuchotsedwa kwina ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinyalala ndi masamba.
- Kukumba chopingasa.
- Zovala zotumphukira m'dzinja ndi koyambirira kwamasika.
- Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kukonzekera mkuwa.
Nthawi zina, malinga ndi olima dimba, kusamala mosamala sikubweretsa zotsatira zazikulu, ndiye chifukwa chofunikira kuganizira za kupeza mitundu yatsopano yomwe yapezeka pamaziko a Forest Kukongola, kugonjera kuwonongeka. Ena mwaiwo akuyesedwa mosiyanasiyana, koma mitundu ya Desertnaya, Dubovskaya Rannaya, Lada, Lyubimitsa Klappa, Mramornaya ndi Nevelichka adagawidwa kale ndipo adalowa State State.
Ndemanga
"Kukongola Kwa nkhalango" - inali mitundu yotchuka kwambiri. Zopanda kumpoto kwa Voronezh. Talumikizidwa mu korona wa "Tonovotki" (pakhala pali mawonekedwe azithunzi wamba kwambiri_lol.gif). Katemerayu adakwanitsa kumera nkhumba, kubala zipatso zaka zingapo. Zipatso ndi zazikulu, chokoma kwambiri, m'mitundu yathuyi sizinabadwebe. M'nyengo yozizira yozizira (sindikukumbukira kwenikweni, kwinakwake mkati mwake 1977-1981) imazizira. Ambiri ndiye adayesa kukulitsa ifeyo - zotsatira zake zakhala zofanana ndendende. PS Ndawerenga malongosoledwe osiyanasiyana pazipikisanozo. Adawerama pomwepo ndi -45C. Tikuwombera pa -36C. Kuphatikiza apo, adalumikizidwa mu korona wa peyala yosagwira chisanu.
volkoff, Nyumba ku Tula
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"Kukongola kwa nkhalango" kumera pa makolo anga, malire a madera a Belgorod ndi Voronezh, pa dacha wazaka 40 .... chaka chino kapena chotsatira chidzagwa kuyambira ukalamba ... thunthu linang'ambika ndikusweka .. Kuchokera muzu kumamera mphukira ya mtengo watsopano-wobalidwa mitundu inayi mkati mwake mapeyala. Chimakoma bwino ngati peyala ... koma sitimayesanso kukulira mitundu yotere.
woyendetsa sitima, Kursk
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Moni Ndili ndi Kukongola kwakunja kwa Mtengo, wophatikizidwa kolona wa mbalame yakuthengo, ndalowa chipatso monga zipatso zina pamtengowu. Koma sindingakulangizeni kuti musokoneze izi. Kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale kutha kwa Union kusanachitike, ndinawonera pulogalamu yapa kanema wawayilesi. Olembawo sanalimbikitse kukulitsa Kukongola Kwachilengedwe mu nkhwawa za Donbass, chifukwa sizowona kulimbana ndi nkhanambo. Ndidawonetsetsa kuti akunena zoona. Zaka 1-2 zokha mwa 10 ndi zopanda nkhanambo. Ndikwabwino kuzisintha ndi zina. Mwachitsanzo, chilimwe cha Williams sichidzakhalanso choopsa, koma zovuta ndizochepa ...
Vitaliy S Starozhil, Donbass, Makeevka
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Re: Kukongola kwa nkhalango
Ndipo ndimakonderadi ngale! Sindinganene kuti wakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinazake. Kukana chisanu ndi kwabwino, kupezekanso kwa peyala yachilimwe ndikwabwino kwambiri ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndiabwino! Katemera pamtondo wakuthengo.
Wachilengedwe wa Creativniy, Nikolaev
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Kukana chisanu, mizere yazipatso zapamwamba, kuthengo kowoneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino-batala wopatsa batala kunapatsa Kukongola Kwachilengedwe kukongola kwa pichesi. Ndipo komabe - uyu ndiwotengera wosatopetsa ndi wowolowa manja, wopatsa ana ambiri, omwe adatha kupitiliza chidwi chawo.
