Yaroslavna - mitundu yamatcheri yotchuka kwambiri

Yaroslavna ndi wokongola chitumbuwa zotchuka kum'mwera kwa Europe ku Russia ndi Ukraine. Asanadzalemo ma cherries, wosamalira mundawo ayenera kudziwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mphamvu zake ndi zofooka zake, komanso zovuta paulimi ndi chisamaliro.

Kufotokozera zamitundu yamatcheri a Yaroslavna

Mtundu wokoma wa zipatso wotchedwa Yaroslavna unasankhidwa kuchokera ku mbande zachikasu za Drogany zomwe zidamera munkhokwe zamitundu ya Melitopol ndikuvomerezedwa ndi iwo. Zosiyanasiyana zidalembedwa mu State Register ya North Caucasus Region mu 1997. Mtengowu ndi wamtali-wamtali (wamtali molingana ndi kufotokozera kwa All-Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding), wokhala ndi korona wozungulira, wokulirapo.

Korona wa Crohn Yaroslavna - ozungulira, wapakatikati

Kucha nthawi ndikumayambiriro (malinga ndi VNIISPK - sing'anga koyambirira). Nthawi zambiri zipatso zimacha masiku angapo pambuyo pa mitundu ya Valery Chkalov. Yaroslavna limamasula koyambirira kwa Meyi ndi maluwa oyera oyera. Zosiyanasiyana ndizodzilimbitsa, chifukwa chake ma pollin ndi ofunika. Zabwino kwambiri ndi:

• Valery Chkalov;
• Valeria;
• Donchanka;
• Kukongola kwa Donetsk.

Zina zoyipa, koma zovomerezeka:

• Aelita;
• Drogana chikasu;
• Donetsk malasha;
• Melitopol koyambirira;
• Makhalidwe

Zomera zimayamba kubala zipatso zaka 4-5 mutabzala. Zomera ndizambiri; zaka 10, mpaka 100 kg za zipatso zimakololedwa pamtengo umodzi.

Mphukira zamatanda ndi maluwa zawonjezera hardness yozizira. Mtengowu suthanso ndi chilala, umakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira cha cococycosis komanso matenda ena oyamba ndi mafangasi.

Zipatsozo zimakhala zozungulira-pakuda bii. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi 6.7 g (malinga ndi VNIISPK - 7-8 g, ndipo kwina kumalemba zipatso za Yaroslavna zolemera mpaka 12 g). Guwa ndi yowutsa mudyo, okoma, apakati. Kununkhira ndikosangalatsa, mchere. Kuyika kwa ma tasters ndi 4,5 point of 5. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala za gulu la semi-bigroro, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wokana kubzala kwa zipatso ndi mayendedwe okwera. Cholinga cha chipatsochi chimakhala ponseponse.

Ma Cherries onse amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: bigarro ndi gini. Zakale zimakhala ndi wandiweyani, zamkati, zipatso zake zimasungidwa ndipo sizimafewetsa ma compotes. Awiri ali ndi minofu yowonda komanso yofatsa, yaifupi mashelufu, osavuta kuyendetsa bwino. Sali oyenera kukonza.

Zipatso za Cherry Yaroslavna zimakhala zozungulira ovoid

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Ubwino wake pazambiri:

• kukhwima koyambirira;
• zokolola zambiri komanso pafupipafupi;
• hardness yozizira;
• kulekerera chilala;
• kupsa koyambirira;
• kukoma kwambiri kwa zipatso;
• konsekonse kugwiritsa ntchito;
• kayendedwe kabwino;
• kukana kuphwanya;
• kukana cococycosis.

Zoyipa zake zimakhala zochepa:

• kudzala;
• kusowa chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda a fungal;
• Kukula kwa mitengo yayitali popanda kupangika.

Kubzala yamatcheri

Njira yodzala zipatso zotsekemera Yaroslavna imayendera malamulo a mitengo ya mbewuyi.

Malangizo apang'onopang'ono:

1. Kusankhidwa kwa malo. Iyenera kukwaniritsa izi:
   • Kuwala kwabwino (penumbra pang'ono ndikuloledwa).
   • Kutetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira ndi kukonzekera.
   • Madzi apansi pansi - osapitirira 3 m.
   • Palibe kusunthika kwa chinyezi.
   • Dothi ndi loamy, loam sandy, chernozems.
   • Acidity ya dothi ili pafupi ndi ndale.
2. Mtundu wa kutalika - 3.5-4 mamita pakati pamizere ndi malo 3-3,5 m mzere.
3. Masiku okula. Kumagawo akum'mwera, mutha kudzala chomera chakumapeto (Okutobala - pakati pa Novembala), ndipo kumayambiriro kwa kasupe masamba asanaphuke. Kumpoto kwa madera, kubzala masika ndikofunikira.
4. Kukonzekera dzenje kumapangidwa masabata awiri 2-3 asanabzalidwe. Ngati ikukonzekera masika, ndibwino kukonzekera dzenje pakugwa. Chitani izi:
   1. Kumbani dzenje lakuya masentimita 80 ndi mainchesi 80-100 cm.
   2. Danga losemphana ndi dongo (dongo lowonjezedwa, njerwa zosweka, ndi zina) limayikidwa pansi kuti zitsimikizike kuti ngalowa.
      

      Denga lamadzi lakhazikitsidwa pansi pa dzenje.
   3. Dzenje limadzaza kumtunda ndi dothi labwino. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito wakuda lapansi, organic kanthu (humus, kompositi), peat ndi mchenga mofanana.
5. Asanabzala, mizu ya mmera imanyowa kwa maola angapo m'madzi.
6. Pakatikati pa dzenjelo, amakumba dzenje lalikulu mpaka kuti mizu ya mmera imalowamo, ndikupanga khulu laling'ono.
7. Wogulira mbewuyo amatsitsidwa kudzenje, ndikufalitsa mizu m'mbali mwa mtunda.
8. Amadzaza dzenje ndi dothi, kukongoletsa m'magawo. Pankhaniyi, khosi mizu sayenera kuyikidwa m'manda - ndibwino kuyiyika 3-5 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka.
   

   Khosi la mmera silingayikidwe mutabzala

9. Kuzungulira mtengo amapanga bwalo.
10. Mmera umadzaliramo madzi ambiri kufikira madzi atamwa (izi zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yolimba).
11. Dothi limalungika kuti muchepetse chinyezi, kuteteza mapangidwe a dothi komanso kuti mpweya uzitha kufikira mizu.
    

    Mukathirira, ndikofunikira kuti mulch nthaka

12. Mmera umadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 0.85-0.9 m, ndipo nthambi zonse (ngati zilipo) zimafupikitsidwa ndi 50%.

Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro

Lokoma chitumbuwa Yaroslavna ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri kuti achoke. Monga mtengo uliwonse, imafunikira kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba ndikudulira. Pazonsezi, zochitika zonsezi zilibe chilichonse, motero sitikhala nazo. Mwatsatanetsatane tidzakhudza kulima. Popeza mitengo yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zokulira, mawonekedwe oyenera a koronayo ndi yopindika. Malamulo a mapangidwe awa:

1. Gawo loyamba linatengedwa pakutsitsa - wochititsa wapakati adadulidwa.
2. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chamawa mutabzala, mtengo woyamba wamtengowu umapangidwa. Kuti muchite izi:
   1. Pamtengo, sankhani mphukira zabwino ziwiri (zidzakhala nthambi za chigoba) zomwe zikwaniritse izi:
      • Mphukira wapansi uli patali 30 cm cm kuchokera pansi.
      • Mphukira zimakula mbali zosiyanasiyana.
      • Mtunda pakati pawo ndi 10-15 cm.
   2. Masamba onse pansi pa mphukira yoyamba yomwe yasankhidwa ndi akhungu.
   3. Nthambi, kuwonjezera pa iwo omwe amasankhidwa ngati chigoba, amadulidwa "kukhala mphete".
   4. Mphukira kumanzere amafupikitsidwa ndi 30-40%.
   5. Woyendetsa wapakati amadulidwa kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita pamwamba pamunsi mwa nthambi yapamwamba.
3. Pambuyo pa zaka 1-2 (komanso kumayambiriro kwa masika), gawo lachiwiri la nthambi za mafupa amapangidwanso chimodzimodzi.
4. Pakatha zaka zina 1-2, nthambi yachitatu imapangidwa - nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi nthambi imodzi.
5. Woyendetsa wapakati amadulidwira pamunsi pa nthambi yapamwamba.
   

   Cherry Yaroslavna imadulidwa kuti mawonekedwe a korona-tier apezeke

Ma trimmings ena onse (aukhondo, opatulira, okonzanso) amachitika molingana ndi malamulo achizolowezi.

Kanema: momwe mungasamalire ma cherries

Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda

Izi sizikutanthauza kuti Yaroslavna nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda komanso kuzunza tizirombo. Ngati wokomerayo akumana ndi zovuta, ndiye kuti nthawi yomweyo amachita zinthu zochepetsera zomwe zimachepetsa mavutowo.

Gome: njira zodzitetezera ku matenda ndi tizirombo ta cherries

Mavuto owopseza chitumbuwa chokoma Yaroslavna

Ngati pazifukwa zina, kupewa sikunachitike kapena simunapereke zotsatira zake, ndiye kuti matenda ena oyamba ndi mafangasi sanasiyidwe:

• Moniliosis. Chapakatikati, matendawa amatha kuwoneka ndi zizindikiro - masamba omwe akukhudzidwa, maluwa ndi mphukira zimawoneka ngati zapsereza ndi moto. Tapeza zizindikilo zotere, mphukira wodwala uyenera kudula, ndikugwira gawo lalitali 10 cm cm. Pambuyo pa izi, yamatcheri amatsanulira ndi fungicides (Horus, Abiga-Peak, Skor).
  

  M'chilimwe, moniliosis imakhudza zipatso zamatcheri ndi yamatcheri, omwe amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga amvi zowola

• Kleasterosporiosis (wowona malo). Mabowo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mkombero wamaonekedwe ofiira amapangidwa pambale ya masamba. Ngati sanachiritsidwe, masamba amatha kufota ndikugwa msanga, ming'alu, ndikugwetsa chingamu. Chithandizo chimakhala ndikuchotsa masamba okhudzidwa ndikuchiza ndi fungicides.
  

  Chizindikiro cha matenda a kleasterosporiosis ndiko kupangika pamasamba a mabowo okhala ndi mulifupi mwake wa mamilimita 5-7

• Kuuluka kwa Cherry. Mitundu yoyambirira yamatcheri imalephera kutenga kachilombo ka mphutsi za ntchentche, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimayamba kutuluka mazira mukakolola. Vutoli limatha kupewedwa pokhazikitsa njira zopewera. Njira zochizira 2-3 (imodzi isanafike maluwa, kupuma pambuyo pa maluwa ndi masabata 1-1.5) mwa mankhwala ophera tizirombo timachepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Decis, Fitoverm, Spark.
  

  Mphutsi za chitumbuwa cha ntchentche zimadya zipatso za chitumbuwa

• Cherry Weevil. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kafadala timayamba kudya masamba achichepere, masamba, mphukira. Pambuyo pa kukhwima, zazikazi zimayikira mazira awo mu masamba, omwe amadulidwa. M'mawa pa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa 5-7^zaC Wovala amakhala pamiyendo. Mutha kufalitsa filimuyi pansi pa chitumbuwa ndikuwachotsa panthambi. Nthawi yomweyo, mitengo imapakidwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
  

  Mphutsi za Cherry weevil zimadya nyama ya zipatso ndi zipatso

Ndemanga

M'madera a dera la Kharkov (lokhala ndi nyengo yabwino yozizira yamatcheri), ndi Yaroslavna omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi zipatso zokhazikika za zipatso zofiira kucha. Mwina chifukwa chaopukutira ake abwino ndi Donchanka, Donetsk Kukongola, Valery Chkalov ndi Valeria - mitundu yomwe ili ponseponse m'minda ya ku Ukraine. Hard Hardness - pamlingo wa chikasu drogans, kukana kwambiri zipatso kusweka. Wamaluwa wamba amateur amapusitsidwa ndi nthawi yakucha - m'ma koyambirira (ndipo ambiri amafuna oyambirira!).

MAR, Kharkov

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Chaka chino, idayamba kucha pa June 6-7, kale kuposa kale. Maluwa ali kwathunthu komanso okoma kwambiri. Poyerekeza, V. Chkalov wasokonekera kwathunthu, ngakhale adakhazikika sabata zapitazo.

* iya *, Kiev

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Mwa mitundu 10 yomwe ndimabereka kale zipatso, Yaroslavna ndiye wabwino kwambiri pamtundu wa machitidwe. Zipatsozi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi V. Chkalov, koma tastier. Amakulitsidwa ngakhale ndi Mitengo. Katemera wamatcheri a Vladimir zaka 2 zapitazo. Ndi kukula kwa 1.5 m, mbewuyo inali pafupifupi makilogalamu 2.5. Mbalamezo zikayamba kukhazikika, adazikuta ndi nsalu yotchinga. Zinandithandiza. Sanapatse zipse, anadya.

ivanlevin, dera la Belgorod

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Ndimakonda kwambiri Yaroslavna, mitundu yosagwirizana kwambiri ndi ngozi, cococycosis ndi zowola zipatso, komanso yozizira kwambiri. kutentha kugonjetsedwa ndi chilala. Itha kukhala yaying'ono pang'ono kukula, koma kukoma kwake mutakhwima bwino kwambiri.

lokoma chitumbuwa, Donetsk

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Mndandanda wodziwikiratu wa zabwino zamtundu wamtundu wokoma wa Yaroslavna umapangitsa kuti zikhale zowoneka bwino mu nyumba za anthu. Zidzasangalatsanso alimi chifukwa cha kayendedwe kabwino kazipatso, zipatso zabwino kwambiri zam'zitini, komanso kufunitsitsa kwa mtengo.