Kuthengo, ma apricot amapezeka osati kumadera akumwera okha, komanso ku Eastern Siberia, Manchuria. Mitengoyi idakhala kholo la mitundu yambiri yozizira kwambiri, yomwe idapangitsa kukula kwa apricot nthawi yozizira.
Momwe apurikoti amakula
Muli bwino, ma apricot amakula mpaka 8 metres, koma nthawi zambiri mitengo yotsogola imeneyi imatsika kwambiri, ndi 4-5 mamita okha. Khungwa losalala la mitengo yaying'ono limasweka nthawi yayitali. Nthambi zazing'ono za utoto wofiirira. Masamba abwino a petiole ali ndi mawonekedwe ozunguliridwa kukafika pamwamba. Maluwa oyera kapena apinki opindika pafupifupi masentimita awiri awiri pamlifupi amatalika m'mwezi wa Epulo kapena Meyi, pomwe masamba ake sanaphuke. Zipatso ndizokulungidwa, zokazinga ndi poyambira poyambira. Ali amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lalanje yokhala ndi fupa limodzi lalikulu mkati. Zipatso zimapsa kumapeto kwa June mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, kutengera mitundu, nthaka, kubzala malo ndi nyengo.
Kuyamba kwa zipatso
Apurikoti amayamba kubala zipatso kuyambira zaka 3 mpaka 6 za moyo (kutengera mitundu), atakula kuchokera kumbewu. Kubala kumatenga zaka 30 mpaka 40.
Kulima ndi chisamaliro
Pakakulitsa ma apricots, dothi louma lokhala ndi ndale acid ndiloyenera ndikuchitika kwamadzi pang'ono. Mitengo yambiri ndi dothi zadothi zimathandizira kusunthika kwa chinyezi, zomwe zimatsogolera kuzola kwa mizu ndi kufa kwa mbande.
Kodzala
Malo a mtengowo ayenera kusankhidwa dzuwa, kutetezedwa bwino ku mphepo zakumpoto kapena kuteteza apurikoti ndi mpanda wowonjezera. Itha kukhala chopanda chingwe kapena mitengo yambiri yowola yomwe singathe kubisa mmera. Kubzala kumachitika bwino kwambiri nthawi yophukira, mmera umakhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu. Mu nthawi yophukira, nyengo imatha kusintha mwadzidzidzi ndipo mtengowo ulibe nthawi yokwanira yopanga mizu.
Ngakhale tidzabzala apricot kasupe, kukonzekera kuyenera kuyamba kumapeto. Kukumba dzenje 80 cm kuya ndi kupingasa. Yendetsani msomali wokwanira pansi mpaka pakatikati kuti ipangike masentimita 60-80 pamwamba pa nthaka. Ngati dothi ndi lolemera kwambiri kuchititsa kuti madzi asokere, ndiye kuti mwala wosemedwa umathiridwa pansi ndikuzaza ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Peat kapena humus iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku dothi lomwe lachotsedwa mu dzenjelo (ma volomu 2 a dothi - 1 kuchuluka kwa peat), 0,5 kilos of superphosphate ndi 2 kg wa phulusa. Sakanizani bwino ndikubwezerani osakaniza mu dzenje.
Mu nthawi yamasika, ikani dzenje panthaka malinga ndi kukula kwa mizu ya mmera. Onani ngati mizu youma kapena yowola. Ayenera kuchotsedwa. Mizu yokonzedwa imatsitsidwa mu phala la dongo ndi mullein. Mmera umayenera kuti udutse pansi kuti khosi la mizu ikhale 5-6 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka. Timadzaza mizu ndi nthaka, yoyenda ndi kuthirira ndowa ziwiri kapena zitatu zamadzi. Madzi akamwezedwa, dziko lapansi limasunthika, ndipo khosi la mizu lidzakhala pamlingo wapadziko lapansi. Tsopano timangiriza mtengowo ndi msomali wokhomeredwa kuchokera nthawi yophukira.
Chisamaliro
Chisamaliro cha ma apricot chimachepetsedwa ku kuchotsa kwachikhalidwe kwa mitengo ikuluikulu, kuvala pamwamba, kuthirira komanso kudulira. Chofunika posamalira mtengowu ndikuyeretsa masamba nthawi zonse kuzungulira. Masamba am'madzi oyandikana nawo amatha kubowola zipatso, zomwe zingayambitse mtengo.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Chapakatikati, muyenera kudyetsa mtengowo ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Chitani izi musanayambe maluwa ndi kutulutsa, feteleza nthaka. Ndikwabwino kudyetsa mitengo ndi manyowa amadzimadzi. Pazungulira korona, kukuta poyambira masentimita 15 kuya kwa theka la zokulirapo ndikutsanulira yankho la supuni ya feteleza wa nayitrogeni mu ndowa (10 malita) a madzi.
Kavalidwe kabwino kotere ndi kotopetsa. Itha kusintha m'malo mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi urea (urea) ndi sulfate yamkuwa. Sungunulani 700 magalamu a urea ndi 50 magalamu a mkuwa sulphate mumtsuko. Njira yothetsera vutoli ili ndi ntchito zitatu: imadyetsa mtengowo ndi nayitrogeni, imateteza ku tizirombo ndikuchepetsa maluwa kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu, yofunikira kwambiri kwa apurikoti, chifukwa imalola kuti isachepetse chisanu Chingwe cha thunthu chimafunikiranso kuthiridwa ndi yankho.
Kachiwiri amadyetsedwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni mu June pambuyo poti ovary yambiri yatha.
Apricot nthambi yokhala ndi ovary
M'chilimwe, kuvala zovala zapamwamba kumachitidwa. Apurikoti amalavulidwa ndi mayankho okhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi zinthu zina. Mukatha kukolola, atatu% peresenti ya urea amathandizidwa. M'dzinja, feteleza wachilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chilichonse: manyowa, kompositi kapena peat. Koma palinso lingaliro lina la wamaluwa. Feteleza monga organic ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka 3-5 zilizonse.
Kuchulukanso michere m'nthaka kumachepetsa zipatso. Mtengowo umakulitsa korona kuti uwononge chipatsocho.
Kudulira
Kudulira kwa apricot kumayamba mchaka choyamba cha moyo.
Kukula kungakhale:
- Zachilendo;
- Zoyang'anira;
- Anti-okalamba;
- Kubwezeretsa;
- Zaukhondo.
Kupanga ndikuwongolera kudula kumachitika nthawi yomweyo. Zonsezi ndikufuna kuti nthambi zatsopano zipange zipatso, ndipo mtengowo sunadzadzidwe ndi zipatso. Kudulira kwalamulira kumachitika poganizira zomwe zimafunika kuti korona apangidwe.
Kupanga ndikukhazikitsa kudulira cholinga chake kuti nthambi zatsopano zipange zipatso, ndipo mtengowo sunadzaze zipatso
Chisoti chachifumuchi chimatha kupangidwanso m'njira ziwiri: chisangalalo chokhazikika komanso kuthamanga kwa chisoti chachifumu.
Kukutira korona - mtengowo umasiyidwa popanda wochititsa, ndiye kuti thunthu limadulidwa pomwepo pamwamba pa nthambi zamiyala ndipo sililola kuti nthambi imodzi ilowe m'malo mwake. Nthambi zimamera kokha m'mbali.
Sparse-tier - kukula 2-3 nthambi zoyamba kuti azikhala patali patali 30-35 masentimita pakati pawo. Nthambi zopezeka 1 mita kuchokera pansi zimadulidwa pakati. Onse omwe amakhala pamwamba pa nthambi za chigoba amadulidwa popanda hemp. Thunthu limafupikitsidwa, ndikusiya 20-25 cm pamwamba pa nthambi zazikulu. M'nyengo yotentha, nthambi zonse zimadulidwa, zimakula kwambiri. Chaka chamawa, mzere wachiwiri wa nthambi umapangidwa masentimita 35 mpaka 40 kuchokera woyamba. Nthambi zapachaka masentimita 60 kutalika kwake kumafupikitsidwa ndi theka, ang'onoang'ono samakhudza konse. Thunthu (m'mabuku - wochititsa wamkulu) amadulidwapo nthambi yomaliza ya mzere wachiwiri. Pambuyo pake, nthambi zomwe zimamera mkati mwa korona ndikuzimeta zimadulidwa.
Kudulira kwa ukalamba kumachitika mchaka kapena khumi zoyambirira za Ogasiti, pomwe mphukira zatsopano sizingakhazikike pamtengowo. Magawo asanadutse nyengo yamakulidwe akhale ndi nthawi yochulukirapo.
Kuchepetsa Ukalamba - kanema
Kudulira kobwezeretsedwako kumachitika pamitengo yowonongeka kapena youma. Kudulira mwaukhondo - kuchotsa masamba owuma ndi odwala.
Katemera
Kupititsa patsogolo zipatso ndi nyengo yozizira ya apricot, Katemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amayamba ndikukula mbande za nthangala za apricot zosankhidwa. M'chaka chachiwiri zitha kale kubzala nthambi kuchokera ku mtengo wa zipatso ndipo nditatha zaka 2-3 kuti zitheke. Mitengo yotere imatha kugwa nyengo yovuta.
Apurikoti amatha kumanikizidwa osati pa apurikoti, komanso zipatso zina zamwala: maula, chitumbuwa, chitumbuwa, pichesi ndi kutembenuka. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti oyamba kulima azitenga zipatso zabwino azigwira ntchito. Pamafunika izi:
- zida zakuthwa bwino;
- luso la mayendedwe othamanga komanso osavuta;
- kudula okonzedwa pasadakhale;
- chidziwitso cha njira yothandiza kwambiri ya katemera kuti akwaniritse cholinga;
- kusankha nthawi yoyenera katemera.
Kwa ma apulo, kutemera kwa masika ndikofunikira, pamene mayendedwe azigawo akuyamba ndikuwopsa kwa chisanu chamadzulo kudutsa. Palibe njira zambiri zopangira katemera:
- kukopera pafupipafupi;
Kukopera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mukufuna kupeza ma apitikoti osiyanasiyana. Zodulira mosiyanasiyana zimatulutsira pambewu yofesedwa pambewu.
Katemera wa varietal apricot kudula pa mbande wamkulu kuchokera mbewu ndi kuchuluka
Zochita zomwe zimatengedwa katemera ndi njira ya capillary:
- mmera kuti udalitsidwe umadulidwa pamtunda wa 45 °;
- kudula kudula mbali yomweyo;
- ikani zodulidwa;
- kukwaniritsa zonse zigawo;
- konzani phesi ya mmera ndi bandi-thandizo, tepi yamagetsi kapena nsalu ya thonje.
Mkhalidwe waukulu wa katemera wopambana ndi kuti ma diameter a stock ndi scion ayenera kugwirizanitsa mpaka 1 mm.
Kuphatikiza kudula kwa masheya ndi scion ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la katemera ndi kutulutsa
Mtengo ndi mtengo womwe umabzalidwe.
Priva - phesi lomwe limamezanitsidwa.
- kusintha kukopa
Kuti muthandize kukopa bwino, pangani kudula kawiri pamtunda ndi scion
- mu ofika pambuyo pake;
Katemera mumtengowo, kumata kumadulidwa mbali ziwiri, ndipo kumezanirana kumtengowo kumapangidwa pachitsa, pomwe phesi
- mu cleavage;
Katemera m'magawidwe - chitsa chimagawika pakati, kudula konse kumbali zonse kumapangidwa pamizu, ndipo phesi limayikidwa mu gawolo
- pamwamba pa khungwa.
Apricot Ankalumikiza - kudula khunguyo pachitsa ndi kuyika phesi, pomwe khungwa limadula mbali ziwiri
Zonsezi zimatheka pokhapokha pochita.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Kuti muteteze mitengo ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, timafunika kuthira mchere wothira 700 g wa urea, 50 g yamkuwa sulphate pa 10 l yamadzi tisanatupire impso. Njira iyi idzagwetsa tizirombo tomwe timabowoleka m'makungwa ndi zipatso zambiri za bowa. Izi ngati sizichitika, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala nthawi yonseyo.
Apurikoti akhoza kudwala:
- moniliosis (zowola imvi);
- Bowa wa Valsa;
- bakiteriya mawanga;
- verticillosis;
- cytosporosis (bowa wokhala pansi pa khungwa);
- kudziwa gum ;;
- kleasterosporiosis (mawanga oyatsidwa);
- khansa ya bacteria;
- makanema ojambula.
Mutha kudziwa zomwe mtengo wanu wadwala chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake.
Moniliosis: khungwa limakutidwa ndi mitsitsi yakuyera, masamba ndi nthambi zimasuluka zofiirira ndikugwa, zipatso, osapsa, kupukuta, kuphulika kapena kuvunda.
Ndi moniliosis, nthambi zodwala ziume ndi masamba ndi zipatso
Mu mitengo yodwala, nthambi zonse zowonongeka zomwe masamba ndi zipatso zimachotsedwa. Nthambi za thunthu ndi mafupa zimathandizidwa ndi Bordeaux fluid. Malo omwe amakhala ndi zidutswa zokutidwa ndi var vars.
Bowa wa Valsa: Zilonda zokhala ndi amber zimawoneka pamakona.
Ngati Valsa wadwala fungus, zilonda zimawoneka pamtengowo
Kuchiritsa mtengo, umafafaniza ndi fungal malinga ndi malangizo a mankhwalawo.
Kuyang'ana kwamtundu: choyamba mutha kuwona malo amdima pamasamba mamilimita atatu mulifupi. Pambuyo pake, madera awa amakhala owonekera ndi malire akuda. Gawo lowonekera bwino lomwe limasokonekera limasanduka chikaso.
Matendawa amabwera chifukwa cha mabacteria
Mankhwalawa, mtengowo umathiridwa mankhwala ndi sulfate yamkuwa molingana ndi malangizo a mankhwalawo.
Verticillosis: masamba amatembenukira chikasu pamunsi nthambi, ndipo kumtunda amakhalabe obiriwira.
Kukongoletsa nthambi za m'munsi nthambi za apurikoti - chizindikiro cha matenda amtengo
Chithandizo - mankhwalawa ndi fungicide malinga ndi malangizo a mankhwalawo.
Cytosporosis: masamba amawonekera pamwamba pa korona, mawanga a bulauni amawoneka pamakungwa, matendawa amafalikira kuchokera kumtunda mpaka pansi, akukhudza nthambi ndi thunthu, mtengo umafa.
Mawanga a bulauni pa khungwa la apricot - chizindikiro cha matenda amtengo ndi cytosporosis
Kulimbana ndi matendawa - nthambi zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimayenera kudulidwa. Chapakatikati masamba asanathenso, mitengoyo imakathira mchere ndi msanganizo wa Bordeaux: 300 g yamkuwa sulfate ndi 300 g ya madzi ofulumira pa 10 l yamadzi.
Kuzindikira kwa Cameo: Amber kapena bulauni, madzi amata amatha kuwoneka paliponse la mtengo, kuphatikizapo chipatso. Pakapita nthawi, madzi amayamba kulimbitsa.
Amber resin pa thunthu kapena nthambi za apurikoti - mtengowo udadwala ndi chingamu
Zowonongeka zonse ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Nthawi yomweyo, chingamu chija komanso tinthu tinatake tomwe timatulutsa mozungulira timachotsedwa, ndikugwira pafupifupi 4-5 mm. Malo onse oyeretsedwa ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi var vars.
Kleasterosporiosis: mawanga ofiirira amawoneka pamasamba, omwe patapita kanthawi amapuma, ndikupanga mabowo.
Apricot kleasterosporiosis imadziwoneka yokha m'maenje pama masamba owoneka bwino
Akangophukira mphukira, amapukutidwa ndi kuwotchedwa. Malo odulidwa ndi okutidwa ndi var vars, njirazi ziyenera kuchitika tsamba lisanagwe.
Khansa yokhala ndi bakiteriya: makungwa pa nthambi kapena thunthu ayamba kusweka, pamakhala matope ndi makulidwe.
Khansa ya mabakiteriya ya apricot nthawi zambiri imachitika chifukwa cha mazira a chisanu
Njira yayikulu yolimbana ndi khansa ya bakiteriya ndi kudula nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa, kenako kuyika malo odulidwawo ndi varnishi ya m'munda ndi kuwonjezera kwa fungicide.
Ribbon mosaic: Mikwaso yachikaso m'mbali mwa mitsempha imawonekera pamasamba akutulutsa maluwa. Pang'onopang'ono, izi zingwe zimakula, pepalalo limamwalira. Zochita mitengo yamkuwa yamkuwa yam sulfate molingana ndi malangizo.
Matenda ojambula matepi amapezeka pamasamba okhala ndi mawanga a bulauni komanso redness
Zilombo zazikulu za mitengo ya ma apricot ndi zitatu zokha: njenjete zam'madzi, njenjete zamasamba ndi aphid.
Njenjete zamkati zimavulazidwa ndi mbozi zomwe zimapezeka mu Ogasiti. Kenako mbozi zimasenda ndipo nthawi yozizira zimasamba masamba. Chaka chamawa agulugufe aziwoneka ndipo zonse zibwerezedwa.
Kunja kwa mwana wosabadwayo kukuwoneka, kachidutswa kakang'ono chabe komwe kambalo kamalowa mkati mwake, ndipo mkati mwake mutha kuwona mboziyo pachokha komanso zotsatira zake
Chifukwa chake, chitetezo chachikulu kwambiri ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikutsuka ndi kuwononga masamba agwa.
Mitengo yamapira imawonekera papepala nthawi yamalimwe ndikuyamba kudya masamba ndi masamba. Amakhala nthawi yachisanu mumasamba obooka. Mu Julayi, agulugufe amawonekera, amaikira mazira pamasamba ndi mphukira. Mbozi zomwe zidatulukira nthawi yomweyo zimanyamuka nthawi yozizira mpaka nthawi yamasika.
Leaflet yozizira imakonza "nyumba" ya masamba yokutidwa
Ngati tsamba la tsamba lazindikirika mu kugwa, ndiye kuti nthawi yophukira tizilomboti timathandizidwa ndi kutentha kwa 10 ° C.
Ma nsabwe ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timakhala pansi pam masamba ndikudya chakudya chawo. Masamba omwe aphid adakhazikika amakhala opunduka, kuzimiririka ndikufota. Chomera chowonongeka chimagundika ndikukula.
Ma aphid omwe amakhala pamtondo wachinyamata komanso pansi pa nkhandweyo imayamwa timadziti
Zilonda zam'mimba zikaonekera pamasamba, zimathandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amtundu wa bio: Actofit, Actofir, Bitoxibacillin, Boverin. Yesani kukonza pansi pamasamba. Pa zipatso, kukonzekera kwa mankhwala sikulimbikitsidwa. Zinthu zawo zapoizoni zimayamwa chipatsocho ndipo zimatha kuvulaza munthu.
Momwe ma apricot amapangira
Apurikoti amadziwitsidwa m'njira zingapo:
- odulidwa obiriwira;
- kudula kwamitengo;
- katemera pa katundu wokonzekera;
- kuyikapo mpweya;
- muzu ukufalikira;
- kukula mbande za mbewu.
Kufalikira kwa masamba obiriwira
Pesi yobiriwira ndi gawo la nthambi yokhala ndi masamba odulidwa kuchokera kumtengo wathanzi. Ndikwabwino kutenga zodula kuchokera ku mbewu zazing'ono osati kuchokera pamwamba, koma kuchokera kumphepo zouma chaka chino kuchokera kumadera owala bwino korona. Volchovye (akukula mokulira kumtunda) mphukira imazika mizu kwambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chakudya mwa iwo chofunikira pakupanga mizu.
Chiwembu cha zochita zomwe zimatengedwa ndi zodula zobiriwira
Zodulidwa zobiriwira:
- kudula nthambi zokhala ndi mainchesi osapitirira 8 mm;
- kudula kwa iwo zodula ndi masamba 3-4;
- fupikitsani masamba pakati kapena magawo awiri atatu;
- obzalidwa wowonjezera kutentha.
Ndikofunika kudula mphukira m'mawa kwambiri kuti minyewa yake ikhale yolimba momwe mungathere. Ndikwabwino kuti nthawi yomweyo muyambe kubzala zidutswazo, koma ngati zikufunika kunyamulidwa, ndiye kuti mphukira ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso m'madzi osazengereza kuti masamba asakhudze.
Zodula zosungirako sizingakhale zoposa masiku awiri.
Zidula zimadulidwa kutalika kwa 8-12 cm (ma sheet a 3-4) ndi mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri kapena lumo kuti musataye minofu ya nthambiyo. Gawo lam'munsi limapangidwa mopendekera pansi pa impso, ndipo chapamwamba ndi mzere wowongoka mwachindunji pamwamba pa impso.Kuti achepetse kuchepa kwa chinyontho, masamba amadulidwa pakati, kapena ngakhale gawo limodzi lachitatu.
Zodulidwa zobiriwira zimatha kuzika nthawi yonse yotentha (kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti).
Tsopano pali mankhwala angapo omwe amalimbikitsa mapangidwe a mizu: Heteroauxin (indolylacetic acid (IAA)), Cornevin (indolylbutyric acid (IMA)), Zircon (kaphatikizidwe ka hydroxycinnamic acid). Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera njira zothetsera mavuto:
- Heteroauxin - kuchokera 50 mpaka 200 mg / l yamadzi,
- Kornevin - 1 g / l madzi,
- Zircon - 1 ml / l yamadzi.
Zodulidwa zimanyowetsedwa mu njirayi kuti masamba asakhudzane nayo. Chidebe ndi zodulidwazo ziyenera kuchotsedwa m'malo amdima, koma osati ozizira. Kutentha sikuyenera kutsika kuposa 18ºС. Kupirira maola khumi ndi limodzi mpaka makumi awiri. Kuchepetsa kwakutali kumatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zina - mizu yake singapangike.
Kuti muzuze zodula, mutha kukonzekera kama wapadera kapena pang'ono. Malo ogona amasankhidwa pang'ono. Amakumba poyambira ndikuzama masentimita 20, ndikudzaza ndi kompositi ya magawo awiri mwa atatu, ndikudzaza ndi masentimita 5-6 ndi mchenga. Zodulidwa zimangomirira mumchenga mpaka pakuya masentimita 1-2. Tsitsani mchenga ndi kuphimba ndi pulasitiki wokutira kuti asakhudze mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, ikani ma arcs kapena zogwirizira. Kanemayo amayenera kutsegulidwa momasuka mbali imodzi, kuti zodulidwazidwazidwazidula ndi madzi pakatha masiku atatu aliwonse. Zatsopano zikawoneka m'matumba a masamba, ndiye kuti nyumba yobiriwira-nyumbayo iyenera kupatsidwanso mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse. Choyamba, imatsegulidwa kwa maola 1-2, pang'onopang'ono nthawi yotsitsimutsa imachuluka, ndipo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachepetsedwa. Masabata 3-4 asanaikidwe kuti udzutse mizu, filimuyo imachotsedwa kwathunthu.
Ngati kudula kumakhalabe nthawi yachisanu sikukufukuta, ndiye kuti amaphimbidwa ndi masamba owuma a oak, nthambi za spruce kapena peat. Ngati zodulazo zazikika mu gawo linalake, ndiye kuti zitha kutsitsidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba popanda kukumba. Nthawi zambiri, timalimbikitsidwa kubzala cutter m'chaka kuti ikule, kwa zaka 2-3, kenako ndikumasinthira kumalo okhazikika. Koma mutha kubzala pamalo okhazikika kuti musavulaze mizu.
Mizu yobiriwira kudula
Kuphatikiza kwa apurikoti ndi odulidwa
Zodulidwa zamatuni zitha kukololedwa nthawi yonse yopuma pamtengowo - kuyambira nthawi yophukira masamba atagwa mpaka masika, pomwe masamba sanayambe kutupa. Zodulidwa zokhazikika bwino zomwe zimakololedwa nthawi ya masamba kugwa kapena pambuyo pake. Kutalika kwa zinthu zodzala ndi 25-30 cm, ndipo makulidwe ake ndi mamilimita 6-8. Gawo lapamwamba limapangidwa mwachindunji pamwamba pa impso, ndipo gawo lotsika silikuyang'anira komwe impso ili.
Zodulidwa mu kugwa zingabzalidwe munthaka nthawi yomweyo, koma zonse zimatha kufa chifukwa cha nyengo. Chifukwa chake, zodula nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa mpaka kasupe kapena kuyamba kubereka kunyumba.
Pali njira zingapo zosungira zodulira mitengo:
- ingokulungani zolimba mu thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika pansi;
- ziwikeni mumchenga wonyowa ndikuzigwetsa mu chipinda chopanda chisanu;
- kukumba mu ngalande yakuya masentimita 80, yazingwe ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu (lutrasil kapena china chonga chimenecho), kuphimba ndi makatoni kapena polystyrene kuchokera pamwamba ndikuphimba ndi dothi.
Ndikofunikira kuti kutentha m'malo osungirako kusagwere pansi 0, koma sikukwera pamwamba + 4ºС.
Zodulidwa zamatuni zimatha kukolola kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira mpaka masamba adzuke
Kukonzekera kwamitengo yamitengo:
- kudula nthambi;
- Gawani m'magawo asanu ndi impso zisanu ndi chimodzi;
- mangani m'matumba ndi kumata chizindikiro;
- yosungidwa mumchenga wonyowa mu cellar.
Chapakatikati, mabedi kapena mabokosi amakonzedwa kuti muzidula mizu. Dothi liyenera kukhala lovomerezeka kuti likhale chinyezi ndi mpweya. Peat ndi mchenga m'magulu ofanana mokwanira zimakwaniritsa izi. Dothi losakanikirana ndi dengalo pabedi kapena m'bokosi liyenera kukhala loti pafupifupi phesi lonse limabzalidwa pakona pa 45 °. Impso ziwiri ziyenera kukhala pamwamba pamtunda, ndipo lachitatu lili pafupi kwambiri. Njira yodzala zodulira imakhala mu bokosi la 10 ndi 10 cm, pabedi - 10 cm pakati pa odulidwa mpaka 10 mpaka 40 cm pakati pa mizere.
Zodulidwa zamitengo zimazikika mchaka mu bedi kapena chidebe chakonzedwa
Mizu ya phesi lolimba:
- chogwirira chimamizidwa mu dothi kupita ku impso yachiwiri;
- odulidwa mizu kudula pang'ono mphukira ndi mizu;
- wobzalidwa m'malo okhazikika.
Chimodzi mwamagawo ofunikira kwambiri pamene mitengo yodula mitengo yabwino - ikuwombera kuti isaphukire mizu isanachitike.
Kuti muchite izi, gawo lakumunsi la chogwirira limachiritsidwa ndimankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu. Ndipo amasunganso mkhalidwe umodzi - dothi liyenera kukhala lotentha kuposa mpweya. Pachifukwa ichi, bedi lamundayo limakutidwa ndi wokutira pulasitiki, atapanga mabowo mmalo mwake chogwirira chilichonse. Kunyumba, bokosi lokhala ndi zodula zimayikidwa m'chipinda chozizira, ndipo nyali yofooka ya incandescent imayikidwa pansi pake. Ndiotenthedwe, kutentha kwa dothi lokutidwa ndi filimu sikuyenera kupitirira 18-20ºº, ndipo kuyenera kukhala konyowa nthawi zonse, koma kosanyowa.
Kufalitsa kwa Apurikoti ndi kuyika kwa mpweya
Njira imodzi yofalikira popanga zipatso za apurikoti ndi kuyala kwam'mlengalenga.
Chapakatikati, sankhani nthambi ndikuwonjezeka kwa chaka chino. Malire pakati pa kukula kwa chaka chino ndi zapitazi adatsatiridwa bwino. Muyenera kuchoka pamalirewo pafupi ndi mtengowo, ndiye kuti, malinga ndi kukula kwa chaka chatha, masentimita 10 ndikupanga mabatani awiri ozungulira mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka kuya mtunda wokwanira nthambi imodzi ndi theka. Timachotsa khungwali pakati pazitseko. Zithunzi zinayi zimapangidwa pamtunda pamwamba pa nthambi yomwe idachotsa khungwa. Timathana ndi zowonongeka zonse ndi mankhwala omwe amathandizira kupanga mizu.
Timavala chikwama cha pulasitiki chodulidwa. Timakonza tepi pansipa malo pochotsa khungwa ndi tepi, tepi kapena waya. Thirani dothi lonyowa kapena sphagnum m'thumba, lomwe m'mbuyomu linanyowa tsiku limodzi. Nthaka ikhoza kukhala yosiyana kotheratu: kugula, kusakaniza kwa humus ndi mchenga, zowola utuchi ndi humus komanso kungoyambira dimba lanu. Dothi lozama ndi 1.5-2 masentimita liyenera kuphimba nthambi pang'ono pamwamba pamtunda wautali. Kanikizirani dothi ku nthambi ndikukhazikitsa m'mphepete mwa mthumba.
Kuti muzu muzu popanda kuwasiyanitsa ndi nthambi
Kuzika Mlengalenga:
- kudula khungubwe;
- valani thumba la pulasitiki lokhala ndi gawo lodulidwa;
- limbitsani kuchokera pansi;
- kutsanulira dothi lonyowa kapena sphagnum;
- khalani pamwamba.
Dongosolo lowala dzuwa limayambitsa kutentha kwampweya. Nthaka yomwe ili m'thumba limaba ndipo nthambi imafa. Kuti izi zisachitike, pamwamba pa paketi ndi pansi, mutha kukulunga nsalu yoyera kapena manyuzipepala m'magawo atatu.
Kuti zigawo zikulire mokhazikika, zimamangidwa ndi nthambi yoyandikana kapena thandizo lina. Chisamaliro chikuyenera kutengedwa kuti nthaka pa nthambi isathe. Ngati dzinja likatentha, muyenera kulilimbitsa kangapo.
Mizu yake ikayamba kuwonekera m'thumba, mmerayo umasiyanitsidwa ndi nthambi ndipo chikwamacho chimachotsedwa. Mphukira yokhala ndi mizu ingabzalidwe pamalo okhazikika, koma ilibe mizu yapakati, ndipo yomwe ndi yosalimba. Ndikwabwino kubzala chipika choterocho mumphika ndipo, mutatsika masamba, chiikeni m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena chipinda chozizira chomwe kutentha sikukwera pamwamba pa 5-7 ° C, koma osazizira.
Chapakatikati, mmera umabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika.
Mizu Yoyika Mizu - Video
Kufalitsa kwa apricot ndi mizu
Apurikoti samapezeka pofalikira ndi mizu. Kukula kumatha kutengedwa kokha kumitengo yobzalira nyemba, ndipo zimawoneka ngati mizu yawonongeka ndi makoswe, chisanu kapena gawo lakumalo kwa apurikoti litafa.
Koma ngati mphukira waoneka kale, ndiye kuti muyenera kufukula pansi mozungulira, kuti muzuwo udachokerako, kudula mphukirawo pamodzi ndi gawo la mizu ndikuwokabzala pamalo osatha. Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe musanaphuke. Popita nthawi yotentha, mtengowo umazika mizu ndi kulimbikitsidwa. Malo odulidwa pamizu ayenera kusamalidwa ndi mitundu yamaluwa kupewa kuwola.
Mphukira yamtundu imasiyanitsidwa ndi mizu yayikulu ndi gawo la mizu ya fibrous
Kubzala mbewu za apricot
Mbewu za apricot zimafesedwa m'dzinja, ataziphatikiza kwa tsiku limodzi m'madzi. Mafupa amaikidwa mu poyambira masentimita 6 kuchokera pansi pamtunda wa 10 masentimita kuchokera kwina, yokutidwa ndi lapansi, ndikuwazidwa ndi humus ndi udzu pamwamba. Kuwombera kumawonekera kumapeto. Ayenera kutetezedwa kwa mbalame ndi makoswe. Izi zitha kuchitika ndi mabotolo apulasitiki osavuta omwe adula pansi. Popita nthawi yotentha, mbande zimamera ndipo nthawi yakugwa zitha kusinthidwa kukhala malo okhazikika. Mitengo yotere imayamba kubala zipatso chaka chachisanu. Koma mitengo yomwe imamera pamwala sikuti imadwala ndipo imatha kuzolowera nyengo.
Fesani maso apricot mu nthawi yophukira - kanema
Kuthirira apurikoti
Apurikoti ndi umodzi mwamitengo yolekerera kwambiri chilala. Koma ngati alibe chinyezi chokwanira, ma apurikoti amakula pang'onopang'ono, amakula msanga, amapatsa zipatso zochepa, ndipo alibe vuto. Mitengo imathiridwa m'mphepete mozungulira, imapangidwa nthawi yobzala ndikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse mpaka kukula kwa korona, kapena kukumba komwe kunakumbidwa pafupifupi gawo la theka la korona.
Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa apurikoti imafunika kunyowetsedwa kwambiri, kotero kuti kuthirira kangapo madzi amathiridwa mumtengo
Mbewu yabwino imangopezeka ponyowetsa nthaka yakuya mpaka 40-60 masentimita nthawi yonse yokula, ndiye kuti kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira. Kutsirira koyamba kumachitika mazira akamaoneka, kuti asagwere. Yachiwiri kuthirira - zipatso zikacha. Madzi amafunikira kwambiri mtengo kumapeto kwa June - koyambirira kwa Julayi, mbewu zikauma. Nthawi yomweyo, maluwa amayikidwa. Mtsogolomo, kuthirira kwina awiri kumapangidwa mu Ogasiti ndi Seputembala. Zikuwonekeratu kuti kuthirira kosowa kotereku kumayenera kukhala kochulukirapo.
Apurikoti amafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kambiri mu June
Koma zonse zimatengera nthaka yomwe dimba limamera. Pa dothi lamchenga ndi mchenga ndikofunikira kuthirira osati kanayi pachaka, koma nthawi zambiri. Pa loam - kutengera nyengo.
Kuthirira apurikoti pa maluwa
Ambiri olima dimba, kuphatikiza akatswiri, amati sizingatheke kuthirira mitengo yazipatso ndi ma apricots, makamaka, nthawi yamaluwa. Ngati m'nthaka mulibe chinyezi chambiri, ndiye kuti nthawi yoyamba mitengo kuthirira madzi asanayambe maluwa, ndipo kachiwiri masiku 15-20 atatha kutha.
Ma apurikoti otumphukira akuwoneka ngati mtambo womangidwa pamitengo yamitengo
Momwe mungasungire apricot kuchokera ku chisanu cham'madzi
Apurikoti amatulutsa m'mawa kwambiri, ndipo zipatso zobwerera zimakonda kusiya aliyense wopanda mbewu.
Pali njira zochepa chabe zopangitsa kuti duwa lifike mochedwa:
- Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, kutsina kukula kwa chaka chino. Mtengowo umayamba kumera nthambi zammbali ndi kuyika maluwa atsopano pa iwo. Adzaphuka sabata yatha, ndiye kuti mtengowo udzaphukanso, ndipo mbewuyo idzakhalabe.
- M'nyengo yozizira, iwo amasinja chipale chofewa pansi pa apurikoti ndi wosanjikiza masentimita 30. Iwalanikeni ndi utuchi ndikutaya chisanu. Pansi pa utuchi, matalala amasungunuka pambuyo pake. Mizu yake imakhala yozizira motalika, ndipo mtengowo umachoka mochedwa kuchoka ku boma lopuma. Chifukwa chake, chidzaphuka pambuyo pake.
- Kumayambiriro kwamasamba, masamba asanatsegule, mitengo imafafizidwa ndi zokonzekera zomwe zimakhala ndi auxin. Izi zichepetsa maluwa kwa masiku khumi.
- Kapena opopera ndi yankho la urea. Maluwa amayenda imodzi mpaka masabata awiri.
- Mitengo imathandizidwa mpaka impso yotupa ndi yankho la magawo atatu a madzi a Bordeaux. Kuphatikiza pa kutetezedwa ku chisanu, mankhwalawa amatetezanso mitengo ku matenda.
- Maluwa asanafike, ndi masamba otupa, 600-700 g pa 10 l yamadzi amathiridwa ndi yankho la sodium chloride. Izi zitha kuchepetsa maluwa kwa masiku 7-14.
Zambiri za ma apricots okulira m'madera osiyanasiyana
Ku Central Russia, mitengo ya ma apricot nthawi zambiri imawuma chifukwa cha mphukira zosacha bwino. Kuti mupewe izi, kuyambira mu Ogasiti, mitengo imathiridwa ndi phulusa: lita imodzi ya phulusa malita 10 amadzi, kunena masiku atatu. Izi zimathandiza kuyimitsa kukula kwa mphukira komanso kusasitsa kwawo mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri, ndowa za 5-10 za phulusa zimathandizira kuti ma apricots azikhala chilimwe mwachidule ndikukonzekera kwathunthu nyengo yozizira masamba.
M'madera ocheperako ndi dera la smolensk, ndikofunikira kubzala apurikoti pamtunda wokhala ndi mulifupi wa 2 metres ndi kutalika kwa 60 cm, ngakhale m'malo omwe mulibe vuto la pansi. Popeza malo osatetezeka pachikhalidwe pa thaw ndi khungwa pafupi ndi khosi. Ndikukwera kwambiri, matalala pafupi ndi chiputu adzasungunuka mwachangu, ndipo madzi akusungunuka adzatsika mulu.
Mbande za Apricot sizimakhala mu Dera la Leningrad, koma mitengo itha kubzalidwa kuchokera kumera lomwe limalimidwa ku Far East ndi Khakassia: Amur, Serafim, Khabarovsky, Akademik, BAM, Mphatso mpaka BAM, " Amur "Sayan" oyambilira, "Mountain Abakan", "Baikalov wa Siberia", "East Siberian".
Malinga ndi wamaluwa m'chigawo cha Leningrad, chomwe chimayambitsa kufa kwa mitengo ya ma apricot ndi kuwonongeka kwa kolala ya mizu kumapeto kwa kasupe. Chifukwa chake, kudera lino, kuyimilira koteroko ndikoyenera monga komwe kumagwiritsidwira ntchito munkhokwe.
Zowopsa zazikulu pakulima zimagwirizanitsidwa (kwa inu) ndi kuziziritsa khosi la khosi (chifukwa chake pamatsikira paliponse) ndikuwotcha koyambirira kwa mwana wosabadwayo. masamba (chifukwa chake, kusinthasintha kwa masika, mwayi wokolola ndi wocheperako). Ndikuganiza kuti zachilengedwe za m'nkhalango (pine) sizowopsa, m'malo mwake, zimasinthasintha nyengo.
toliam1 St. Petersburg//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=183440
Tanyusha, vuto lalikulu la ma apricot ndi kukalamba, motero ndikosayenera kuphimba maziko a thunthu makamaka. Ma apricot athu abzalidwe pa maula, ndipo korona, ndiye kuti mwayi wokula kwambiri. Ndipo, chabwino, dzalani m'malo otentha m'mundamo. Zachidziwikire, mtengo wachikulire pachimake ndi chinthu!
Natalie St. Petersburg//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=183440
Ku Belarus, machitidwe azolimo siwosiyana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakatikati pa Russia. Wamaluwa - akatswiri a msasawu atsimikiza kuti ma apricots a Russian ndi kusankha kwanuko akutha bwino. Mitundu ya apricot yomwe idalimbikitsa "Znakhodka" ndi "Spadchyna", ndi Russian - "Alyosha" ndi "Minusinsky amber".
Ku Siberia, kuphatikiza dera la Omsk, ndi ku Urals, kuphatikizanso dera la Chelyabinsk, ma apricots okometsedwa amakula bwino. Kudula mitengo ya Khabarovsk, Khakass ndi Chelyabinsk kubereketsa kumtengowo pa chipatso cha Manchu. Pa dothi lonyowa kwambiri, ma apricot amafa. Malo omwe amalimirako amasankhidwa dzuwa, lotetezedwa ku mphepo, komanso komwe madzi apansi padziko lapansi sanakwere kuposa mamita 2.5.
Njira yolima yomwe apulogalamu ya apricot ndiyosiyana pang'ono ndi chisamaliro cha zipatso zina zamwala. Itha kubzalidwa ngakhale kumadera komwe nyengo yake imamera osakwanira mitengo. Ndikofunikira kungoyang'ana zovuta za kubala zipatso mu dera linalake, kutsatira malamulo onse ogwira ntchito ndi chomera m'derali, yesetsani. Zotsatira zake sizichedwa kuchepa.
