Momwe mungawonetse maluwa amakangaza

Kodi mwaona momwe makangaza amakangaza amapanga? Uwu ndiwowonekeradi wowoneka bwino, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi chitsamba chotumphuka, mtengo wamtali wammunda kapena chipinda chaching'ono pazenera. Maluwa ambiri owala amasangalala ndipo amachititsa chidwi.

Majegi okhala ndi mabelu

Uwu si mzere kuchokera pa vesi, osati chipinda chowerengera ana, koma chovomerezeka chofananizira mitundu itatu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaluwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimamveka bwino kwa ife. Mphukira yachikazi imawoneka "yokhazikika", ili ndi maziko ambiri ndipo ndi chubu chofiyira.

Duwa lamakangaza achikazi limafanana kwambiri ndi mbewa.

Mphepete yake yokhotakhota imasungidwa pa makangaza mu mawonekedwe a "korona" pang'ono. Maluwa achikazi ndi atali-pistil - pistil ili pamlingo wa anthers kapena pamwamba pawo (yayitali, ingoyika). Amapangidwa pa mphukira za chaka chatha. Thumba losunga mazira lomwe limapangidwa m'miyendo yambiri, limapangidwa kuchokera kuma carcels ophatikizika (zidutswa 4-8). Nthawi yomweyo, m'mbali mwake amatuluka mkati, amapanga makamera kapena zisa. Mu makangaza kucha, zipinda izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi filimu yoyera, ndipo mkati mwake mumadzaza miyala.

Makamera okhala ndi mbewu opangidwa kuchokera ku ma carpels ophatikizika

Masamba a "mabelu" amamuna ndi ofanana, a pistil - pistil ndiyifupi, pansipa ma anthers. Maluwa awa ndi osabala ndipo, modabwitsa dziko ndi kukongola kwawo, amagwa; kupanga pa mphukira za chaka chamawa. Kugawika pakati pa kuchuluka kwa makopi achikazi ndi amuna kumatengera kwakukulu. Udindo wina umachitidwanso ndi zochitika zachilengedwe, ukadaulo waulimi. Palinso mtundu wapakati wa duwa, wovuta kuwona. Kapangidwe kake kamafanana ndi belu ndi mbewa yomwe timayidziwa kale mpaka pamlingo. Kutalika kwa pestle kumasinthanso. Koma, ngakhale itakhala yayitali, sizowona kuti mwana wakhanda adzamangidwa. Nthawi zina, pomwe granatine imapanga, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyipa.

Akazi achikazi ndi ma makangaza maluwa

Kodi maluwa amakangaza ndi okongola

Utoto wapamwamba wamaluwa a makangaza umangokhala wofiira, rasipiberi, oyera. Ndipo, mitengo ya makangaza imakhala yokongola - kusewera kwa mithunzi, kuchuluka kwa matanthwe kumapereka chithunzi chamitundu yambiri yapamwamba. Palinso zitsanzo zokongola! Ndipo mapangidwe a maluwa ndi achilendo kwambiri kotero kuti, poyang'ana koyamba sikungatheke kudziwa kuyanjana kwawo.

Zojambulajambula: maluwa osiyanasiyana

Pomegranate maluwa ndi chifukwa chake zimatengera

Makangaza adabzala ndi mwala pachimake mu zaka 3-4, ndi zodula mu zaka 2-3. Ndi maluwa oyamba kwambiri, maluwa, nthawi zambiri 1-2, amagwa. Kunyumba, makangaza amitundu iwiri: nthawi yoyamba mu Epulo-Meyi, chachiwiri - kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Ndipo ngakhale duwa lirilonse limangolira masiku 3-4 okha, limasinthidwa ndi lotsatira ndi zina zotsatsira malonda. Mpaka Seputembala, chitsamba "chokhazikitsidwa" ndi maluwa okongola. Kubala, maluwa ndi mapangidwe a thumba losunga mazira ndi zochitika zambiri. Maso a nthano ndi chomera pomwe masamba obiriwira, maluwa owala bwino komanso zipatso zazing'onozing'ono, zokutira, zili pafupi.

Tamba la makangaza mwana akadali achichepere, koma kuchuluka kwa maluwa kudabwitsa

Mavuto a maluwa

Ngati makangaza “amatheka” mwanjira inayake kapena akagwirika, pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo. Tionanso momwe zinthu ziliri.

Kusankhidwa kwachilengedwe

Maluwa amagwera nthawi yamaluwa, komanso kwambiri. Chomera chokha chimaganiza kuti chingathe maluwa angati kupirira chifukwa chopewa kutopa. Iyi ndi njira yachilengedwe kwa mitengo yonse yazipatso. Kumbukirani ma blizzards ochokera pamatumbo a mitengo ya maapulo, yamatcheri kapena ma apricots. Ngati mitengo yanu ya makangaza ibala zipatso, kumatulutsa kwambiri. Ndipo musaiwale kuti ambiri mamfanizo aimuna amagwa - maluwa opanda kanthu.

Grenade wanga ali kale ndi zaka 4. Sanazime kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo panali maluwa atatu. Chaka chino, nthambi zake zidali ndi masamba ngati zipatso za mphesa. Tsoka ilo, sanawonjezere. Anasiyana pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu. Koma ngakhale zomwe zatsalira ndizochulukirapo kuposa masiku onse - maluwa opitilira awiri nthawi imodzi.

sinichka Ekaterina

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Matenda ndi tizilombo

Zovuta zazikulu zoyambirira zimachitika chifukwa cha "maluwa" m'nthawi yoyamba maluwa, izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha matendawa:

• ufa wowuma - masamba ndi maluwa ophimbidwa ndi yoyera ating kuyanika; mankhwala ochizira Fundazole;
• imvi zowola - kugonjetsedwa sikukukhala kokha ndi maluwa akugwa, komanso ndi kuyanika kuchokera mu mphukira; mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito antimycotic fungicide Topsin M;
• phomosis, pomwe nthambi za mafupa zimafa, ming'alu yamkati imayala maziko a mphukira; mmera umafooka, maluwa achikazi amakhala osabala; Chotsani vutoli mothandizidwa ndi fungus Horus.

Mtengowo umawunikiranso pakuwonongeka kwa tizilombo. Zovala zoyera ndizofala kwambiri pazomera zapakhomo. Amamamatira masamba, akuyamwa msuzi wawo. Njenjete yamoto wamapometi imapangitsa kuti maluwa awonongeke, maluwa ndi mazira ndi zipatso, kudya nyama yowutsa zipatso. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Derris chimagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi ma whiteflies, kuwongolera kwa njenjete kumachitika m'magawo angapo pogwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa Intra-vir, Fitoverm malinga ndi malangizo.

Osakwanira kuthirira

Pakutha maluwa, okwatirana odziwa bwino ntchito zawo amakhala akutha. Izi zimapereka kupsinjika pang'ono pamtengowo ndikuwulimbikitsa kuti ukhale ndi moyo wabwino. Ngati simukumvetsetsa tanthauzo la nkhaniyi, mutha kuwumitsa mbewuyo kuti maluwa asagwere. Masamba amataya turgor (elasticity) ndipo mbewuyo imafota. Kugwiritsa ntchito mokwana mokwanira sikulimbikitsidwa, chifukwa zotere zimadza ndi nthawi. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse gawo lamadzi ndikuwonetsetsa momwe mmera ulili.

Bweretsani chisanu

Mutuwu ndiwothandiza kwa makangaza omwe amakula kutchire. Zipatso za masika ndizowononga mtengo wonsewo komanso maluwa. Ngati makangaza apulumuka pambuyo pakukonzekera mwamphamvu motere, ndiye kuti maluwa atha kulembedwera mpaka nyengo yotsatira, kapena adzachedwe osati okongola.

Kuwala kotsika

Mtengo womwe umakhala m'mundamo nthawi zonse, kapena wasunthira kunja kwachipinda, amafunika kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa maola 8 patsiku. Pamthunzi, makangaza sadzafa, koma amakana kuphuka.

Kupangidwadi korona

Ndichizolowezi kupanga korona kumapeto kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi, ndipo njirayi ndi yokongoletsera mwachilengedwe:

• chotsani nthambi zikukula mkati mwa korona, zowuma ndi zofooka;
• mphukira za chaka chatha zafupikitsidwa ndi 1/3 kapena 1/4, izi zimapangitsa kuti nthambi zamtunduwu zizitha komanso zimathamangitsa maluwa.

Mukaphwanya lamulo ndikuyamba kugawana korona wobiriwira, uonongeka. Maluwa ambiri amapangidwa pamwamba pa mphukira, zomwe (mphukira) zidzadulidwa pofunafuna malo okongola (mawonekedwe). Ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe ntchito yobwezeretsa mphukira ingatenge mphamvu! Nthawi yamasamba, mphukira zokha zomwe zimapangidwa m'munsi mwa thunthu zimadulidwa. A kupangidwanso kakhadi kumachitika zaka zisanu zilizonse: amadula thunthu, kulowa m'malo mwake ndi mwana wamphamvu, kupatsa korona mawonekedwe ofunikira - ozungulira kapena owala.

Pometi yamakangaza mawonekedwe aliwonse

Chinyezi chochepa

Mpweya wouma m'chipindacho umakhudza maluwa. Kupukutitsa mpweya:

• utsi wamasamba kangapo patsiku ndi madzi oyimirira 3-4 ° C otentha kuposa mpweya; ndikofunikira kuti isagwere pamaluwa - ikauma, madontho amasiyapo madontho;
• nyamulani gulu la oyandikana nawo okhala ndi masamba akulu (yokulirapo pamwamba pa pepalalo, chinyontho chake chimatulutsa - fiziki wamba);
• mphika womwe uli ndi makangaza umayikidwa mu poto wokutidwa ndi dongo lonyowa, pansi pamphika uyenera kukhala pa dongo lotukulidwa, osalumikizana ndi madzi.

Njira zoyesera

Ngati khangaza satulutsa pachimake chilichonse, kumezanitsa kumtengowo kumayesedwa.

Momwe mungapangire maluwa

Maluwa ochulukirapo amaperekedwa ndi njira zina zaulimi, osadalira mankhwala ozizwitsa omwe ali ndi chidwi kwambiri.

Feteleza

Kodi munthu sangakumbukire bwanji kuvala kwapamwamba komwe kumapatsa mphamvu ku chitsamba chamamba ndikuthandizira maluwa. Amachitika kuyambira Marichi mpaka Ogasiti, masiku 10 aliwonse.

Monga feteleza ntchito:

• mullein njira mu chiŵerengero cha 1:15;
• 1 g ya nayitrogeni + 1,2 g wa superphosphate + 0,5 g wa feteleza wa potashi pa madzi okwanira 1 litre.

Dothi

Zosafunikira kwenikweni kwa makangaza amkati ndi kusakaniza kwa dothi. Kuti mupeze chisakanizo chopatsa thanzi komanso chopatsa thanzi tengani dothi komanso masamba, humus. Pulasitiki wakale wa laimu, mchenga ndi chakudya chamfupa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zina zothandiza. Zonyowa zadothi monga momwe zimakuliridwira zitha kusintha manyowa owuma. Zomera zosinthika, kapangidwe ka gawo lapansi kanasinthidwa pang'ono: dongo-turf + kompositi + dothi lamasamba (3: 2: 1) ndi kuwonjezera kwa mchenga ndi chakudya cha fupa (motsatana 50 ndi 25 g pa 10 kg ya gawo limodzi).

Thirani

Kwa makangaza, kusinthanitsa pachaka pachaka pansi pa zaka 3 kumachitika. Kenako chomera chimasinthidwa monga chimakulungidwa ndi mizu ya dongo. Poto watsopano, kumene, uyenera kukhala wokulirapo pang'ono (masentimita 2-3) kuposa woyamba. Koma makangaza amatulutsa bwino "munthawi zopsinjika." Chifukwa chake, mphika wokulirapo uyenera kukhala wokulirapo kuti mbewuyo izitulutsa osati mafuta.

Kuchotsa kwa Bud

Zodabwitsa momwe zimamvekera, ndendende masamba oyamba m'moyo wamakangaza omwe amawadina, kuwalepheretsa kutulutsa. Njirayi imathandizira kuti mabwana azikhala ndi mphamvu ndipo pakhale maluwa ambiri nyengo ikubwerayi.

Pumulani

Makangaza amafunika kupuma kwabwino, komwe, mwa njira, maluwa mu nyengo yotsatira kumatengera. Makangaza amapuma pamalo owoneka bwino komanso ozizira okhala ndi kutentha kwa +16 ° C mpaka +10 ° C. Kutsirira kumachepetsedwa mpaka nthawi 1 m'masiku 10 a makangaza wazaka 4-5 ndi nthawi imodzi pamwezi kwa okalamba.

Matumba akunja

Mu CIS yakale, Georgia, Abkhazia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan ndi Tajikistan ndi omwe amatha kudzikongoletsa pogwiritsa ntchito makangaza. Nyengo yamaderawa imakwanira mtengo wokonda kutentha komanso momwe ungathere. M'matawuni omwe ali m'mphepete mwa msewu komanso m'malo opanga dimba, pamagwiritsidwe ntchito mitundu yokongoletsa ya miyala (yosabala). Maluwa okongoletsa, monga lamulo, ndi okulirapo - 50-55 cm kutalika ndi mainchesi mpaka 83 cm (!).

Makangaza amayamba kukula m'mwezi wa Marichi, ndipo nthawi yophukira maluwa imayamba mu Meyi ndipo imatha mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Kuti mtengowu utulutse bwino panthaka, chidwi chambiri chimaperekedwa kuthirira. Nthaka siyenera kusefukira kapena kuwuma. Pankhaniyi, nkovuta kukana mapindu a ulimi wothirira pokoka:

• kuchuluka kwa kuperekera komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi kumayendetsedwa ndi nthawi;
• chinyezi chamagetsi chimaperekedwa.

Mulingo wosanjikiza mu mizu umateteza mizu kuti isayanike ndi kutentha kwambiri. Nthawi yakula, mtengo ukakhala ndi zaka 10 umadyetsedwa ndi nayitrogeni. Mitengo yaying'ono itakonzedwa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni mu Marichi, Meyi, Julayi. Kudulira kumachitika mu Novembala ndi cholinga chowalitsira bwino komanso mpweya wabwino.

Makangaza kumapiri otha kubzala m'dera lathu (Belgorod dera - basi) molingana ndi mfundo zokweza mphesa, koma malire ake si chisanu, koma kasupe wofooka. Ndikofunika kwambiri kutsegula grenade "pa" kapena kwinakwake "pambuyo pa" tchuthi cha Meyi (atatha mphepo zowuma) ndipo nthawi yomweyo amasefukira ndi madzi, makamaka ngati nyengo ili youma. Ndipo yang'anirani bwino nyengo ya Meyi, ngati kutentha kumatsikira usiku, muyenera kuphimba ndi slate pamwamba.

Shebekino Vladimir

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Kukula makangaza mosiyana ndi malamulo omwe ali pamalo "osasangalatsa" kwa iye, mudzadziwonetsa nokha kuti palibe chosatheka. Koma kodi mbewu ngati izi zimayendera? Ngakhale makangaza amatha kupendekera kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa kufika -20 ° C, kuyenera kutetezedwa kuti nthawi yozizira kapena nyumba yobiriwira imangidwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yolimba yoyambirira kucha (Nikitsky, Nyutinsky, Chernomorsky) zimapatsa mwayi kuti azisangalala ndi maluwa komanso makangaza.

Pakukhazikika kwawoko ndi zipatso, kutentha kwakukulu kofunikira ndikofunikira, koma kutentha pakati pa Russia sikokwanira kwa iye. Ndipo pogona panu nthawi yozizira ndikotheka kuyikulitsa, koma chimodzimodzi ndikofunikira kuganiza momwe mungakulitsire nyengo yolima, ndipo chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupanga mpanda wowonjezera kutentha. Pazaka pafupifupi 10 tsopano, mbande zingapo za makangaza m'munda zakhala zikukula pobisalira nyengo yachisanu, koma palibe imodzi yomwe idaphukira, ngakhale kuti nthawi yozizira imakhaladi bwino. Ndipo palibe m'modzi wa iwo amene anamwalira.

VVB Bushnev Vladimir

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Kanema: makangaza nyengo yozizira

Zina mwazinthu ndizofunikira kuti makangaza azikhala poyera komanso panyumba: mitundu, ukadaulo wazamalimidwe, komanso chitetezo ku matenda. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yosazizira, makangaza a makangaza amafunika pogona.