Kummawa, makangaza akhala akutchedwa mfumu ya zipatso. Ndipo zowonadi, palibe chipatso china chomwe chingafanane ndi kukongola uku mukulawa ndi mikhalidwe yamtengo wapatali. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakangaza imatipatsa zipatso zokhala ndi tart, lokoma kapena lokoma ndi mnofu wowawasa ndipo kukoma kulikonse kumakhala ndi zolumikizira.
Makangaza - kufotokoza mwachidule mbewu
Makangaza - chipatso chokhazikika paz mitengo kapena mtengo, mpaka kutalika kwa 5 m kapena kupitilira. Nthambi zanthete zofiirira zomwe zimakutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, okongola a utoto wowala. Kuchokera pamaluwa owoneka ngati malalanje, ofiira ofiira, zipatso zazikulu zimakhazikika - zipatso zozungulira, zotchedwa "makangaza" mu botani. Dongosolo la zipatso nthawi zambiri limafikira masentimita 17-18. Mbewu zambiri zimabisidwa pansi pakhungu lachikopa, lomwe limatha kukhala mthunzi uliwonse kuchokera wachikasu mpaka wofiira. Mphete zamakangaza zili m'zipinda zapadera - magawo apamwamba achikuda choyera. Mbeu iliyonse imazunguliridwa ndi nyama yowutsa mudyo, yokoma ndi wowawasa ndipo pali zoposa chikwi chimodzi mu chipatso chimodzi.
Zipatso zamakangaza - nyumba yosungiramo mavitamini, ma asidi achilengedwe ndi mchere
Ndikosavuta kupeza mpikisano zomwe zili ndi mavitamini, ma microelements opindulitsa ndi ma organic acid. Pomegranate madzi amalimbikitsidwa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi mavitamini, mu ana ndi zakudya zamankhwala.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, pakati pa anthu ambiri, makangaza akhala chizindikiro cha chuma komanso chonde. Korani yoyera imanena kuti Munda wa Edeni ndi khangaza wamakangaza. Malinga ndi imodzi mwa Mabaibulo, makangaza ndiye "apulo weniweni" yemwe njoka yoyesayo inachitira Hava. Aigupto akale ankaona ngati makangaza "mtengo wamoyo", ndipo nthawi zambiri zithunzi za zipatsozi zimapezeka pamapiramidi aku Egypt, ma Byzantine akale ovala zovala, pazodzikongoletsera za Aarabu ndi Agiriki.
Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu yotchuka ya makangaza
Pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya makangaza amtchire. Wamba, ndiye woyambitsa masamba onse, amakhala kumwera kwa Europe komanso kumadzulo kwa Asia. Pachilumba cha Socotra ku Nyanja ya Arabia ndipo pokhapokha pali makangaza a Socotran, omwe samalimidwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwazipatsozo.
Makangaza wamba amagawidwa kwambiri m'malo otentha ndi otentha. Amakondedwa ndikukula mwakufuna ku Middle East ndi Caucasus, Central Asia ndi Southern Europe. Ku Russia, mtengo wamitengo wokondera dzuwa ukumva bwino pagombe lonse la Black Sea komanso kumwera kwa Dagestan. Kuchokera pachomera chimodzi chachikulire, 50-60 kg za zipatso zabwino zimakololedwa pamenepo.
Kukongoletsa makangaza - mawonekedwe amatsenga
Chifukwa cha obereketsa masiku ano, pali mitundu yoposa 500 ya makangaza. Amasiyana wina ndi mzake kukula kwake ndi kukoma kwake kwa chipatso, kupenda kwake bwino ndi utoto wa zamkati, kukana matenda ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo. Makangaza amakoma ndi wowawasa samawerengera ngati okoma, chifukwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya soseji ndi kuwonjezeredwa ndi mbale zopangidwa kale kuti zioneke bwino. Zokoma ndi zabwino kupanga juzi ndikumwa zatsopano.
Kanema: Makangaza a Crimea
Zosangalatsa kwambiri za oimira zipatsozi zili mdera la Kara-Kala Turkmen Reserve. Pafupifupi mitundu 350 yamitundu ndi mitundu ya makangaza yabzalidwa ku Nikitsky Botanical Garden of Crimea.
Zokolola mdera la Kara-Kala ndizodabwitsa, chifukwa pafupifupi mitundu 800 ya mitundu ndi mitundu ya makangaza yabzala kuno
Mtundu wina wotchuka kwambiri wa Transcaucasia ndi Gulush. Mitundu iwiri yamtunduwu mwakula - yapinki ndi yofiyira. Zipatso za Gulusha pinki nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolemera 250 g, zamkati zowutsa mudyo zimakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa. Gulusha wofiira amakula mu mawonekedwe a chitsamba wokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu kwambiri, wolemera mpaka 350 g kapena kuposa. Kuguza kwake ndi kofiyira kowoneka bwino ndi mkoma wabwino kwambiri wowawasa.
Zipatso za Gulusha ofiira ndizambiri kukula kwake, yokutidwa ndi khungu lofiyira lowala
Ak Dona Crimean ndi wonyozeka, wobiriwira wamaluwa ngakhale mwachilendo nyengo ya makangaza a steppe Crimea. Zipatso za Oblong zimakutidwa ndi peel wowonda kwambiri ndi blush ofiira. Mafuta amtundu wakuda wa pinki wokhala ndi kukoma kowala.
Ak don Krymskaya amafika mosavuta kumidzi, pafupi ndi nkhuyu
Achik-Anor ndi mtengo wawung'ono wokhala ndi korona yaying'ono. Zipatsozo ndizazungulira, pang'ono ndikungogwera m'munsi, mutakulungidwa ndi peyala yowala ya carmine yowala. Cherry yowutsa mudyo wamkulu, wosangalatsa wokoma ndi wowawasa kukoma.
Makangaza oyipa a Achik-Anor ali ndi chiwonetsero chabwino kwambiri
Mitamba yamakangaza ndi mbewu zopepuka
Zipatso zokhala ndi mbewu zowala nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kuti makangaza oyera. M'malo mwake, zamkati nthawi zonse silikhala loyera loyera - nthawi zonse pamakhala kuwala kwa pinki.
Mitundu yazopepuka zotchuka:
- Wokometsetsa kwambiri ndi makangaza a Dholka omwe amapangidwa ku India. Chitsamba chotsika komanso zipatso zazing'onoting'ono.
- Chimodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya makangaza amene ali ku Iran ndi Ahmar. Mtengo mpaka mamita anayi kutalika kuyambira Juni mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe umakutidwa ndi maluwa owala ofiira. Zipatso zapakatikati zimakutidwa ndi khungu lakuda, lopepuka. Mbewu ndi za pinki, nthawi zina pafupifupi zoyera, zimakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamitundu yabwino kwambiri ya makangaza.
- Akdona ndi wotchuka ku Central Asia. Pomegranate wakula mu mawonekedwe a shrub wamkulu. Zipatso za mawonekedwe ozungulira zimapindika pang'onopang'ono, zolemera pafupifupi 250 g, ngakhale zipatso zamtundu uliwonse ndizazikulu kwambiri mpaka 600 g kapena kupitirira. Peelyo ndi yopepuka, yowoneka bwino komanso yowoneka pang'ono. Mbewuzo ndimtundu wakutuwa wa pinki wokhala ndi kakomedwe kabwino kwambiri.
- Makangaza okhala ndi mbewu zoyera Thuja Tish, omwe amatanthauziridwa ku Russia ngati dzino la ngamila, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Akdon. Mukayang'ana peel yowala yachikaso, zikuwoneka kuti makangaza adalidi obiriwira, koma sizili choncho. Guwa la zipatsozi limakhala loyera ndi njere zazing'ono zofewa. Kununkhirako ndikokoma kwambiri, zomwe zili ndi mavitamini ndi michere ndizofanana ndi mitundu yofiira.
Nyemba zamapometi oyera pafupifupi nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi kuwala kwapinki
Mitundu yosasamba bwino ya makangaza
Makangaza ndi mbewu yotentha kwambiri, motero, imabzalidwa pokhapokha madera akumwera kwenikweni a dziko lathu. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewuyi imapanga zokhumba zambiri padzuwa - payenera kukhala zambiri. Ngakhale pang'onopang'ono pang'ono, makangaza amasiya kuphuka, chifukwa chake amabala zipatso. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa, palinso mitundu yatsopano ya chipatso ichi yomwe imatha kupirira madontho ang'onoang'ono mu kutentha kwa mpweya. Koma ziribe kanthu momwe mitundu ingagwiriziridwe ndi chisanu, ngati mwayi ndi kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira - makangaza ayenera kuvekedwa nyengo yachisanu.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yosagwira chisanu:
- Pomegranate zosiyanasiyana Nikitsky adalowa mu boma mayina a zisankho zosankhidwa mu 2014. Mtengo wotsika msanga. Zipatso za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chilengedwe ndi pafupifupi kucha nthawi. Chipatso chake chimalemera pafupifupi 280 g, khungu limakhala lonyezimira, lamtundu wamtambo wachikaso ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira ndi mawanga. Mitundu yotsekemera ndi wowawasa wa mtundu wa chitumbuwa ilibe fungo. Zosiyanasiyana zimakana kutentha ndi chilala, zimatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -12zaC.
- Zosiyanasiyana a Nyutinsky kucha kucha, adalowa mu renti ya boma pazosankhidwa mu 2014 Mtengowo umadulidwa, kumera pang'onopang'ono ndi korona wopindika. Zipatso zolemera 220 g zimakutidwa ndi peel yosalala yakuda. Mphesa ndizofiyira, zotsekemera komanso zowawasa, zopanda fungo. Mitundu yolimbana ndi chilala, imalekerera chisanu mpaka -12zaPopanda kutaya.
- Mitundu ya Black Sea mu 2015 idaphatikizidwa mu kaundula wa boma pazokwaniritsa. Mtengo wamtali wautali, wokula msanga wokhala ndi korona wooneka bwino. Kubala ndi pachaka. Zipatsozo ndizazikulu, mpaka 280 g, zokhala ndi zipatso zokoma ndi zotsekemera ndi peel wandiweyani. Amadziwika ndi kulolerana kwambiri ndi chilala komanso kuthekera kupilira kuzizira mpaka -12zaC.
- Makangaza ku Asia amakula makamaka ku Ukraine. Shrub oyambirira kucha. Zipatso zolemera mpaka 150 g zimakutidwa ndi peel yopepuka ya matani owala a kirimu kapena pinki. Zazikulu, zokoma ndi wowawasa mbewu za utoto wofiirira. Mbewu ndizochepa. Shrub imapirira kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa kumatsikira -20zaC, koma pogona pamafunika nyengo yozizira.
Makangaza ku Asia - imodzi mwazomera zosagwira chisanu
Mitengo Yokongola Yopanda Mbewu
Mitundu yamapometi yopanda mbewu ndiyosowa kwenikweni ndipo imayesedwa yopanda mbewu m'malo mwake. Mitundu yonse imakhala ndi njere, koma apa ndi yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yofewa. Zipatso za mitundu iyi zimapatsa madzi 20% kuposa makangaza ndi mbewu ndipo ndi abwino kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kukonza.
Chimodzi mwazodziwika bwino za mitengo yopanda mbewu - ma grenade olimba. Uwu siwopezeka kwambiri, umapatsa zipatso zosaposa 15 makilogalamu. Zipatso zolemera 250-300 g zimaphimbidwa ndi peel yokoma ndi blush. Amayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kumtunda kwa chimanga chokhala ndi yowutsa mudyo, pinki komanso zamkoma kwambiri. Vandeful wakula ku Peru, Israel ndi mayiko ena a ku Asia.
Mbewu zamakangaza zopanda zipatso zimakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa
Ku Spain, makangaza opanda mbewu a mitundu ya Mollar de Elche amabzala m'minda. Zipatso ndi zazikulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimafikira unyinji wa 600-800 g. Peel ndi yocheperapo, koma yolimba, ya pinki. Mbewuzo ndizazikulu, ndipo ndimakoma abwino.
Makangaza Mollar de Elche amawoneka ngati maapulo
Makangaza
Makangaza ndi osasamala, koma chomera kwambiri ndipo ndi ochepa alimi angakwanitse kukulitsa iwo pawokha. Komabe, mitundu yaying'ono ya mbewu iyi imamera bwino panyumba, monga chikhalidwe cha poto. Sitidzadabwitsani eni eni kukhala ndi eni ake, koma adzakondwera ndi kukongoletsa kwa mtengo wamaluwa. Pomegranate ndi godend kwa okonda zojambula za bonsai ndipo wamaluwa ambiri amasangalala kuyesa chomera chodwala ichi.
Pomegranate wamkati ndi yabwino pakupanga mtengo wa bonsai
Mitundu yapadera idapangidwa kuti ikulidwe m'nyumba, koma wamaluwa wamtchire adakula bwino mumphika mumbewu za makangaza agula. Ndipo ngakhale mawonekedwe amtundu woyambira sangasungidwe pakukula, chomera chomwe chimabala chimabala zipatso bwino.
Kanema: Makangaza amamera
Kukula zipamba zamkangaza pambewu
Pofalitsa, mbewu za makangaza kucha zimabzalidwa mchidebe chokhala ndi dothi lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi. Mbewu zokhwimira zikamera pang'ono (nthawi zambiri zimatenga miyezi iwiri), zimaziika mumiphika ina ndikuyika pazenera lakumwera. Kuti khangaza wamkati azitulutsa maluwa ndikuyika zipatso, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale dzuwa padzuwa kwambiri. Zomera zazing'ono zimakonda kuthirira komanso kuvala bwino ndi feteleza wosavuta, womwe umachitika kawiri pamwezi. M'nyengo yozizira, makangaza mkati mwake samataya masamba ndipo safuna kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kuvala pamwamba. Zomwe amafunikira panthawiyi ndi malo owala komanso kutentha kwa mpweya + 5 + 7zaC. Pamapeto pa nthawi yotsika, ndiye kuti, miyezi itatu itatha chomera chija nkuchiika mu mphika wokulirapo, ngati kuli kotheka, kudulira kokhwima kumachitika ndipo kuthirira kuyambiranso. Ndikusintha kwa kutentha, makangaza mkati mwake amatha kupita kumunda.
Mbande zokhuthala zakudimba zimasulidwa mumiphika ndikuyika zenera lowala
Chimodzi mwa makangaza otchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu ya Carthage. Mukamaika, chitsamba sichimakula kupitirira mita imodzi. Nthambi zambiri zokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono owonekera mu Meyi ziphimbidwa ndi maluwa ofiirira 3-4 masentimita. Maluwa akupitilira mpaka Ogasiti ndipo amatha ndi zipatso. Kutumphuka kwa makangaza Carthage ndi kochepa thupi, kofiyira. Mbewu zambiri zazing'ono, zosangalatsa zotsekemera komanso zowawasa. Zipatso ndizochepa, osapitirira 7 cm.
Carthage ya makoma imakhala yokongola nthawi yonse ya maluwa ndi zipatso
Mpira wachisanu ndi chitatu ndi chipinda cha makangaza chomwe chili ku America. Adatenga dzina lake lofanana ndi mpira wachisanu ndi chitatu m'mabiliyoni. Zipatso zazikulu za mtengowu zimakopa chidwi osati chofiirira, pafupifupi khungu lakuda, komanso kukoma kwambiri.
Zipatso za makangaza Mpira wachisanu ndi chitatu umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wachilendo
Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amatha kukumana ndi khanda la garnet. Kachitsamba kakang'ono pafupifupi 50 masentimita, osakhala ndi masamba - masamba amatenga m'magulu ndipo ali kutali kwambiri. Amaluwa okhala ndi maluwa okongola owoneka ofiira. Zipatso za kukula kwapakatikati ndi peel yofiyira yofiirira. Mbewu ndizochepa, zotsekemera komanso zowawasa.
Mtengo waung'ono wa ana m'chilimwe umakutidwa ndi maluwa, mazira ndi zipatso za makangaza nthawi yomweyo
Ndidakulitsa makangaza m'chipinda mwanga kuchokera kwa mbewu - mzanga amabwera ndi makangaza pang'ono kuchokera kumtundu wanga wamtundu wosadziwika. Mwa mbewu 10 zobzalidwa, 8 zidamera. Mbewuzo zidakula mwachangu, ndipo zidabyalidwa ndi ine mumiphika umodzi. Ndidasiya ndekha, ndipo ena onse adapita kwa abwenzi. Tsopano grenade wanga ali kale ndi zaka 7. Nthawi yoyamba idamasula mchaka chachitatu chodzala. Limamasula masika aliwonse, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mutha kuona maluwa, thumba losunga mazira, ndi zipatso. Makangaza anga ndi okongola kwambiri m'chilimwe - zozimitsa moto zobiriwira, zofiira ndi lalanje, koma nthawi yozizira zimawoneka ngati mtengo wouma. Amakonda kudula tsitsi - ndimapanga masika onse masika atangopezeka masamba atsopano. Popanda kumeta tsitsi, nthawi yomweyo limasandulika kukhala chitsamba chopanda mawonekedwe. Ndipo komabe - m'chilimwe ndimayesetsa kuipaka ndi madzi osayenda kamodzi pa tsiku. Makangaza pawokha amalola kuti pakhale mpweya wouma, koma amakankhidwa ndi kangaude m'nthawi yotere, yomwe imakonda kusowa chinyontho. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, makangaza ang'onoang'ono amapsa, kukula kwa maula, okhala ndi khungu lofiirira komanso wowawasa, wowutsa mudyo, wopanda zipatso. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, mbewu za zipatso zazing'onoting'onozi ndizofanana kukula, osati zazing'ono, ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zipatso zachikhalidwe. M'nyengo yozizira, mtengo unatsala pang'ono kugwetsa masamba ndipo ndinayika poto pawindo lozizira, kutali ndi batri. Kuthirira kwambiri kawirikawiri, pang'ono kunyowetsa nthaka.
Kusasinthika kwa makangaza komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalola anthu okhala kum'mwera zigawo kuti asankhe ndikukula chipatso chodabwitsa mdziko muno kapena m'mundamo. Anthu akumpoto sangathe kungosilira maluwa a makangaza pawindo ndikuyesa zipatso zake zazing'ono, komanso kuwonetsa luso lawo popanga makangaza a bonsai.
