M'nyumba Gerbera: Kukula komanso kusamalira pakhomo

Posachedwa, maluwa ambiri am'munda "amasuntha" pazenera. "Mbale yamapoto" - yapamwamba komanso yokongola, pambali pake imakondweretsa maso kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake chisamaliro cha gerbera yachipinda palibe chomwe chimavuta. Ngakhale wozala wa novice amatha, popanga malo abwino kwambiri azomera, amabzala maluwa owala komanso ambiri.

Chipinda gerbera chimawoneka bwanji

Gerbera ndi therere losatha wochokera ku banja la Asters. Inapezeka koyamba kudera lamakono la South Africa. Mitundu yambiri imapezekanso pachilumba cha Madagascar komanso ku Southeast Asia. Pazonse, mitundu pafupifupi 80 ya gerberas akufotokozedwa pano. Mwachilengedwe, ambiri a iwo amaphuka kawiri pachaka, kasupe ndi yophukira.

Gerbera m'chilengedwe adapezeka koyamba ku Transvaal

Botanists adziwa izi kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyambira m'zaka za zana la XVIII. Kulongosola kwake kwasayansi kunaperekedwa ndi wasayansi waku Dutch Jan Gronovius. Ndiye wolemba dzina la maluwa, omwe adalandira polemekeza bwenzi la botanist, sing'anga waku Germany komanso katswiri wazomera Gerber Traugott. Mwa njira, adakhala ku Russia kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikuwunika maluwa a Volga, ndipo adasankhidwa kukhala director wa Botanical Garden ku Moscow. Mtengowo uli ndi dzina losadziwika. Chifukwa cha kutalika kwa maluwawo ndi maluwa, kachilombo ka gerbera nthawi zambiri limatchedwa transvaal daisy.

Pali mitundu pafupifupi 80 ya ma gerberas "achilengedwe" ndi mitundu 200 yakubzala

"Anakhala" pokhapokha kumapeto kwa zaka za XIX. Wobereketsa waku Scottish R. Jameson adatha kuchita izi, mwaulemu dzina lake limodzi lodziwika bwino la maluwa, lomwe lidakhala "kholo" lalikulu kwambiri la gerberas am'nyumba. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ndi obereketsa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wamasamba obiriwira.

Gerber Jameson - ndiye maziko oyesera abuluzi ambiri

Mwachilengedwe, kutalika kwa mtengaku kumafika 60-70 cm, koma kwa mitundu yamkati "denga" ndi 25-30 cm. Kutalika kwa inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a dengu kumasiyana kuchokera 4-5 cm mpaka 12-15 cm. Masamba owoneka ovuta, amasakanizidwe, masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Peduncle amaliseche.

Masamba a chipinda chomera pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuposa ma peduncle

Maluwa amatha kukhala osavuta komanso owirikiza, pamakhala - woongoka kapena wozungulira. Mtundu wawo ndiwosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Pafupifupi mitundu yonseyo imapezeka, kupatula mtundu wabuluu ndi buluu - yoyera-matalala, kirimu, pinki, wofiirira, wofiirira, lalanje, pinki, wofiirira. Pamapeto maluwa, zipatso zodzala ndi mbeu zimapangidwa. Amasungira kumera pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Palibe obereketsa kapena chilengedwe chomwe sichimatha kutulutsa ubweya wabuluu, kungopaka utoto kuti mupeze mthunzi wachilendo

Gerbera ndi imodzi yamaluwa ogulitsa bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amakhala wachiwiri ku maluwa, carnations, tulips ndi chrysanthemums pachizindikiro ichi. Amakhala ndi chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, koma kukongola kwambiri. Ochita maluwa amamuyamika kwambiri chifukwa chakutha kwake osatha popanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Mu chilankhulo cha maluwa, gerbera amaimira chisangalalo, kukoma mtima, kumwetulira, malingaliro abwino, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa m'mipando ya akwatibwi. Kupereka kachilombo ka gerbera, kaya kwa mwamuna kapena mkazi, ndi njira yabwino yosonyezera kuyamika, kuyamika ndi kuyamika. Kwakukulu, duwa limakhala losangalala modabwitsa, limakumbukira nthawi zonse chilimwe ndi dzuwa.

Gerberas ndi maluwa otchuka pakati pa mkwatibwi; amayamikiridwa ndi atsikana chifukwa cha kukongola komanso kukongola.

Moyo wa mbewu ndi wochepa, zaka 3-4 zokha. Kenako maluwa amakhala ocheperako, akukhala ochepa. Gerber ayenera kusintha kapena kusintha ndi njira yatsopano. Ndipo ku Europe ndi North America, nthawi zambiri amati ndi chomera "chotaya". Chidacho chomwe chazimiririka chimangotayidwa.

Kutolere kwa gerbera ndizokongoletsera kwambiri zamkati

Kanema: Maonekedwe a maluwa

Mitundu yotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa

Kunyumba, gerberas "achilengedwe" sapezeka konse, alimi a maluwa amakonda hybrids omwe amabala. Onsewa amagawika m'magulu asanu ndi m'modzi:

Mtundu Wampikisano. Zophatikiza zimachokera ku Asia. Mtundu wa inflorescence umafikira mainchesi 8-9, pamakhala ochepa.
Waku America Mitengoyo ndi yopapatiza. Pakatikati pa duwa ndi 10-13 cm.
Kukula kwakukulu komanso kwapakatikati. Masentimita angapo osiyana. Poyamba, ndi 11-13 cm, wachiwiri - 15 cm kapena kupitilira.
Terry kapena theka-terry yopapatiza komanso yotakata. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya ma gerber chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwake. Danga lamaluwa limayambira 10-11 cm mpaka 14-15 cm.

Gerberas amasankhidwa ndi botanists ndi obereketsa kutengera kutengera kwa mawonekedwe a petals ndi kukula kwa duwa

Mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino yazipinda zamkati zomwe titha kuzidziwa tokha:

Parade. Mitundu ya petals imakhala yowala ndimaso osiyanasiyana achikasu, golide, lalanje, maluwa amawoneka ngati maluwa pang'ono. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yonse, imasungidwa bwino posankha mbewu.
Happyipot. Duwa lamtchire. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pinki yokhala ndi bulauni.
Ilios. Maonekedwe a ma petals komanso kukula kwa maluwa kumasiyana kwambiri. Kupaka utoto - kuchokera pachikasu ku utoto wofiirira, kuphatikizapo mithunzi yonse ya lalanje.
Hummingbird Poyerekeza ndi masamba obiriwira amdima, maluwa achikasu owala ndi maluwa ofiira magazi amawoneka odabwitsa.
Zodabwitsa. Mafuta a chinangwa amaunikira malangizo. Maluwa a safiro.
Jasmina Maluwa akuluakulu apinki a pastel, pamakhala yokutidwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wowoneka bwino. Pakatikati pake ndi lakuda komanso lofiirira.
Pam. Pakatikati pa duwa pamakhala njerwa. Ziphuphu ndi pinki kapena rasipiberi wowala.
Wokoma Caroline. Pakatikati pa duwa pamakhala chikasu. Ziphuphu ndi lalanje-lalanje, chikasu pafupi ndi nsonga.
Orangina. Mafuta achikasu achikasu a lalanje. Maluwa ndi akulu kwambiri.
Wokondedwa Wokoma Maluwa onse ndi pakati zimapaka utoto wachikasu, nthawi zina zimakhala ngati utoto wa kirimu. Pakatikati pakhoza kukhala loyera.
Kutsekemera kokoma Ziphuphu ndizowala kwambiri, zofiirira. Amasiyanitsa modabwitsa ndi poyambira wobiriwira.
Mayi Phiri Ma gerberas akuluakulu a hue wokongola wofiirira (akatswiri ojambula amachitcha khungu). Pakatikati ndi chikasu chokoleti. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kupezeka kwa chikondwerero.
Rakele Mafuta ofiira ofiira kwambiri amkati komanso saladi yofewa.
Sylvana. Kuchokera patali, ma gerberas awa ndiosavuta kulakwitsa kwa chamomile. Pakatikati pake pamakhala miyala yachikaso yoyera, chipale chofewa.
Katherine. Amasiyana ndi mitundu yam'mbuyo pokhapokha pamitundu. Ndiwocheperako pang'ono, owoneka ngati singano.
Valerie. Mbali yakutsogolo ya petal ndi pinki ya pastel, ngati owazidwa ndi ufa wa beige. Mbali yolakwika imakhala ndi utoto wambiri, lilac-pinki. Pakatikati pake ndi tan.

Zosiyanasiyana zamasamba obzala kunyumba: chithunzi

: Gerbera Parade - ngati shimmering miyala

: Gerbera Happipot - mtundu wangwiro wa pinki mosasamala kanthu za hue

: Gerbera Ilios - toyesa payekha ndi osiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake

: Gerbera Hummingbird - mawonekedwe osangalatsa a masamba akuda ndi maluwa owala

: Kukoma Kwabwino kwa Gerbera - imodzi mw mitundu iwiri

: Gerbera Jasmina - mthunzi wosalala kwambiri wa pamakhala

: Gerbera Pam - imodzi yowala kwambiri

: Gerbera Lokoma Caroline wochokera kutali amafanana ndi maluwa a marigold

: Gerbera Orangina amasiyana kukula kwakukulu inflorescence

: Gerbera uchi wokoma - maluwa okongola kwambiri a uchi

: Gerbera Lokoma Golide - ma petals, chikumbutso cha kukumbukira kwa kulowa kwa dzuwa m'malo otentha

: Gerbera Sophie pakati pa "abale" akuwoneka kuti ali ndi zikondwerero zazitali

: Gerbera Rachel - maluwa otentha omwe nthawi zonse amasangalala

: Gerbera Sylvana - maluwa akutali amakumbutsa kwambiri ma daisies akuluakulu

: Gerbera Catherine - amodzi mwa mitundu yopapatiza

: Gerbera Valerie ndiwodziwika bwino ndi utoto wazipatso kumbali zonse ziwiri

Zinthu zoyenera zapakhomo pozisamalira

Mukakhala ndi gerbera, muyenera kukumbukira kuti maluwa ataliatali komanso ochulukirapo ndi otheka pokhapokha ngati malo abwino kwambiri kapena oyandikira. Malo obadwira maluwawo ndi South Africa. Chifukwa chake, mbewuyo imakonda kutentha (koma osati kutentha) ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.

M'nyengo yotentha, gerbera wamkati amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino pazinthu zakunja.

Gome: Malo oyenera okulira gerbera

Choyimira	Malangizo
Malo	Windo lakuwonekera pazenera loyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Gerbera ndi yolekerera kukonzekera, motero chipindacho chizikhala ndi mpweya wokwanira. M'chilimwe, mbewuyo ilibe chilichonse chotsutsana ndi mpweya wabwino. Pakadali pano pachaka, ma gerberas amkati amakhala ndi phokoso pa khonde, pakhonde, mumsewu basi. Mutha kuzisintha ndikutulutsa
Kuwala	Kutalika kokwanira kwa maola masana, kuphatikiza panthawi yopuma, ndi maola 10-12. Kukhazikika moyenerera kuchokera pakulowera dzuwa nthawi yotentha kwambiri masana, makamaka nthawi yotentha, kuyambira 11:00 mpaka 14:00. Kuyambira pakati pa nthawi yophukira mpaka chakumapeto kwa mvula yambiri ku Russia, zidzakhala zofunikira kuwunikira pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi, magetsi kapena ma phytolamp apadera omwe ali pafupi masentimita 80 pamphika pa mphika. Kuwala koyenera ndi gawo lofunika kwamaluwa
Kutentha	Makhalidwe abwinobwino a gerbera ndi 20-24 ° C panthawi yamasamba othandiza ndi 14-16 ° C panthawi yachisanu "kupuma". Ku 12 ° C, imalowa mu hibernation, pafupifupi njira zonse zimachepetsedwa, maluwa samachotsedwa. Ochepera ovuta ndi 8-10 ° C. Chomera sichimakonda mwadzidzidzi kutentha, makamaka pa maluwa. Gerbera samaliranso kutentha kwa 30 ° C ndi kukwera - inflorescence imafota msanga, masamba amataya kamvekedwe kawo
Chinyezi cha mpweya	Gerbera sakonda mpweya wouma. Chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri ndi 70-80%. Njira yosavuta yokwaniritsira ndikumapopera malo ozungulira, kupanga kuyimitsidwa kwamadzi kapena chifunga kuzungulira duwa. Dontho pamasamba ndi pamakhala ndilosayenera. Njira zina zowonjezera chinyezi mchipindacho ndikuyika dothi lonyowa, moss-sphagnum, ulusi wa kokonati poto wa mphika, kupanga "gerbera" kampani "kuchokera kuzomera zina, ikani mabeseni m'chipinda ndi madzi ozizira, kugula chida chapadera

Gerberas amakonda kutentha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma osati kutentha ndi cheza

Zambiri pobzala ndi kusamalira gerberas zamasamba zitha kugwiranso ntchito: //diz-cafe.com/ozelenenie/gerbera-sadovaya-posadka-i-uhod.html

Kubzala ndi Kupititsa Ndondomeko

Kutalika kwa moyo wa chipinda chokhala ndi chipinda chochepa kwambiri, zaka 3-4 zokha. Munthawi imeneyi, adzafunika kuikidwa kamodzi kokha kapena kawiri. Nthawi yoyamba njirayi imachitika itagulidwa. Dothi losungira siliyenera kwambiri duwa. Koma izi zisanachitike, ayenera kupatsidwa masabata 2-2.5 kuti azolowere moyo watsopano.

Nthawi yoyenera kunyamula ikatha kumapeto kwa nthawi yadzuwa, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Okutobala mpaka pakati pa Marichi. Ngakhale alimi ena amalimbikitsa kuchita izi asanapite "patchuthi," kwinakwake kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.

Dawo lamphika limachulukitsa ndi masentimita 2-3.Ndibwino kugula chidebe cha ceramic chosagwiritsidwa ntchito - chimadutsa bwino mpweya. Koma nthawi yozizira, mizu ya mbewu m'miphika yotere imatha kuzizira, ndipo gerbera imakonda kwambiri izi. Chifukwa chake, ngati nthawi yozizira chidebe chomwe chili nacho chimayima pazenera, ndikofunika kuyika chithovu kapena chidutswa cha mtengo pansi pa cholembera kuti mafuta azitentha.

Ndikwabwino kubzala gerberas miphika zouma, zimadutsa mpweya bwino, ndikulimbikitsa kutulutsa mizu

Mphika wa gerbera amasankhidwa molimba. Ili ndi gawo lofunikira popanga maluwa ambiri. Mabowo am'madzi amodzi kapena angapo amatulutsidwa. Mawonekedwe, mawonekedwewo sayenera kukhala ochuluka kwambiri kapena okwera kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa mphikawo kuli pafupifupi malita 1-1,5.

Kwa gerberas wokula, malo osungiramo chilengedwe omwe maluwa akutulutsa mkati ndi abwino. Koma mutha kusakaniza gawo lapansi nokha. Duwa limakonda dothi labwino, lotayirira, lac acid. Mwapadera kupatula monga zigawo zina za osakaniza ndi humus ndikuvunda kompositi. Ikhoza "kuwotcha" mizu yokhwima yachomera.

Gerbera amakhutira ndi dothi lapadziko lonse lapansi lazomera zamkati

Njira zosakaniza dothi zamkati zamkati:

turf wachonde, peat crumb, youma sphagnum moss, makungwa a pine osankhidwa (4: 2: 2: 1);
nthaka yamasamba (kapena dothi lapadziko lonse la mbewu zamkati), tchipisi tating'onoting'ono, mchenga wowuma, tizidutswa tating'ono ta makala (3: 1: 1: 1);
peat, perlite kapena vermiculite, masamba osakanizidwa a kokonati (4: 1: 1);
anagula dothi la maluwa, "ufa wophika" uliwonse (perlite, vermiculite, mchenga, sphagnum moss kapena coconut fiber), zidutswa zamakala (5: 2: 1).

Chidacho chimasinthidwa ndi transshipment, kuyesa kusokoneza mizu pang'ono momwe mungathere. Koma kwanthawi yoyamba izi ndizosapeweka, chifukwa amafunika kugwedeza kapena kuyeretsa ndi ndodo yamatabwa momwe malo ambiri ogulitsira angathere. Mizu ya Gerber simumadulira kapena kudula.

Gerbera amasamutsidwa mumphika watsopano wokhala ndi dothi lapansi pamizu

Mphika umadzazidwa ndi magawo atatu okonzedweratu ndi gawo lachitatu. Chotetezachi chimafunikiranso kuti tizilombo toononga, ngakhale chitakhala chatsopano. Pansi pake, dongo la dongo lokwaniliridwa, miyala, miyala, miyala ya polystyrene, kiyala yaying'ono yotsika ya pafupifupi masentimita 2-3. Palibe chifukwa chomwe mungakhazikitsire khosi mizu. Iyenera kukwera masentimita atatu pamwamba pa nthaka.

Pambuyo pochulukitsa, gawo lapansi limapangidwa, gerbera imathiriridwa madzi pang'ono. Kwa masiku 3-5 otsatira, amachotsedwa pamthunzi, kuwateteza ku dzuwa. Chovala chapamwamba choyamba chimachitika palibe kale kuposa masabata atatu pambuyo pa njirayi. Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni yemwe amalimbikitsa maluwa kumanga mwachangu masamba obiriwira.

Ngati sabata pambuyo paziika, nyongolosi yamkati imawoneka ngati siyinasunthepo kutali ndi kupsinjika, mpweya wozungulira umapopera, chikwama cha pulasitiki chimayikidwa pachomera. Mu "greenhouse" amasunga duwa mpaka litayamba kukula, kulipukutira tsiku ndi tsiku kuti lithetse kachulukidwe kake komanso kupewa kukula kwa zowola.

Ngati mutathira masamba a gerbera amasiya kutaya mtima kwa masiku angapo - izi ndi zachilendo

Kanema: momwe mungasinthire gerbera

Malangizo pa Chithandizo Cha Zomera

Kusamalira chipinda cha gerbera ndichowongoka. Chofunika kwambiri ndikothirira koyenera. Chomera chimakumana ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso kuperewera kwake. Maluwa ochulukirachulukira nthawi yayitali amakhala pansi, motero nthawi yovutikira ndiyofunikira.

Mwambiri, ndibwino kusamalira gerbera, poganizira mozungulira momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira. Kuyamba kwa maluwa kumachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kuyang'ana kwamaluwa kumasangalala mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Kenako nthawi yozizira imapuma "mwezi" wa Novembala. Mu Marichi, mmera pang'onopang'ono umasiya kubisala ndikuyamba kupanga zambiri zobiriwira, zomwe ndizomwe zimachitika nthawi yamasika komanso nthawi yambiri yotentha.

Dothi mumphika wokhala ndi gerbera liyenera kusungidwa bwino nthawi zonse. Kutsirira kotsatira kumachitika pamene gawo lakale mumphika limaphika masentimita 2-3. Izi zitha kutsimikizika pogwiritsa ntchito dzino kapena chipangizo chowuma. Izi zimawonekanso pakuwonekera kwa mbewu. Masamba a gerbera, omwe "akufuna kumwa," pansi, amataya kamvekedwe.

Gerbera adamwetsa madzi kuti masamba ndi maluwa akhale chete

Mukathirira, yesetsani kupewa kutsikira masamba ndi inflorescence. Ndikofunika kuthira madzi kuzungulira m'mbali mwa mphika pogwiritsa ntchito kuthilira ndi mphuno yayitali. Mutha kuyeseranso kuthirira mu poto. Pakadutsa pafupifupi theka la ola osayiwala kutaya madzi ochuluka.

Kuphatikizika pakati pa kusintha kwa ulimi wothirira, kuyang'ana nyengo pamsewu. Pakakhala kozizira, kawiri pa sabata ndikokwanira. Pakutentha kwambiri, gerbera imamwetsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku, nthawi zina ngakhale m'mawa ndi madzulo, ndipo imapakidwa. Munthawi yopumira, kuchuluka kwa kuthilira kumachepetsedwa ndikumunyowetsa nthaka mumphika masiku onse 7 mpaka 7. Koma kukana kupopera mankhwalawa sikuyenera. M'malo mwake, nyongolosiyo imazifunikira kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Ma radiator othamanga ndi zida zina zotenthetsera zimapukusa mpweya kwambiri.

Madontho amadzi pamasamba ndi ma petals a gerbera angapangitse kukula kwa zowola ndikupanga kutentha kwa dzuwa

Mulimonsemo, madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito zofewa, chipinda. Nthawi zambiri, bomba silikukwaniritsa zofunikira zoyamba, chifukwa chake, asanagwiritse ntchito, amaziteteza kapena kuwonjezera magawo angapo a citric acid kapena madontho angapo a viniga a apple cider pa malita 10. Mutha kuthirira gerbera ndi kusungunuka kapena madzi amvula.

Chovala chapamwamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pazomera zogwira ntchito. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa Novembala, mmera umakumana ndi umuna uliwonse masabata 1.5-2. M'nyumba Gerbera sakonda zinthu zachilengedwe. Kwa iye, anagula feteleza ovuta (Master, Uniflor, Florovit, Agricola) ali abwino kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kuzunza kwa wothandizirayo mu njirayi kumachepetsedwa ndi theka poyerekeza ndi wopangidwayo. Samalani zikuchokera. Masamba atangochokapo, mbewu zimafunikira nayitrogeni yambiri, ndipo kuyambira pomwe masamba apangidwe, amafunika potaziyamu.

Maluwa ochulukirapo amafunika kuchita zambiri kuchokera ku kachilombo ka gerbera, kotero kudyetsa nthawi zonse kumakhala kofunikira

Komabe ma gerberas aku chipinda amafunikira kwambiri chitsulo. Kuperewera kwake munthaka kumasonyezedwa ndi mawanga achikaso otumbululuka akufalikira pamasamba, ndikuwonetsa kukula kwa chlorosis. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera Micro-Fe, Ferovit. Njira yothetsera wowerengeka - misomali yimbiyimbidwe yomwe idakwiriridwa mumphika - imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.

Feteleza okhala ndi zinthu zachitsulo - kupewa chlorosis

Chinsinsi cha maluwa ambiri a chipinda cha gerbera ndi kuyatsa koyenera. Monga lamulo, mu ukapolo kumayambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndikupitilira mpaka Novembala-Disembala. Mutha "kupitilira" Chaka Chatsopano chisanachitike, kupatsa maluwa kuwunikirako kowonjezereka, koma pankhaniyi gerbera "ipuma" mpaka Julayi-Ogasiti wotsatira.

Mukapanda kuloleza kuti gerbera "ipumule" nthawi yozizira, nthawi yamaluwa imatha, koma chomera sichikhala ndi zaka zopitilira ziwiri

Nthawi zambiri, sipangokhala pachimake ngati chasokedwa mumphika wopanda kukula (mizu imatenga nthawi kuti ipangitse malo owazungulira, kulibe mphamvu zokwanira china chilichonse) ndipo ngati wolimayo amakonda kwambiri feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni (gerbera akuchulukitsa kukula kwake kobiriwira kuti kuwonongeke kwa mapangidwe).

Nyongolosiyo safunikira kudulira kwapadera. Chokhacho chomwe chimafunikira kwa wolimira ndikuchotsa nthawi yopukuta ndi masamba, kuwadula kapena kuwaphwanya. Kupanda kutero, kukula kwa zowola, komwe kungawononge mbewu yonse, ndikothekera.

Gerbera, momwe mulibe masamba owuma ndi inflorescence, amawoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino

Kanema: Malangizo Akusamalira Maluwa Amkati

Zolakwa Zodziwika Bwino

Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe a gerbera ndikulakwitsa kochitidwa ndi wobzala pochokapo. Monga lamulo, ngati mungazindikire momwe angachitire nthawi, izi sizoyenera kubzala. Mkhalidwe wake umasinthidwa wokha, wothira "atakonzedwa" ndikusintha momwe mndende zimakhalira.

Gome: momwe ma gerbera amawonekera, omwe amasamaliridwa molakwika

Mawonetsero akunja	Zotheka
Masamba achikasu	Zolakwika pakuthirira - zitha kukhala zochulukirapo kapena zochepa kwambiri. Komanso, kuwoneka kwa yellowness kumakwiyitsa madzi ozizira ndipo madontho ake amagwera pamasamba
Kutsamira, kutaya kamvekedwe ka masamba	Kuperewera konyowa (nthaka youma, chinyezi chochepa). Makamaka ngati msewu watentha
Kutembenuza masamba, kuzimiririka ndi masamba amdima	Kupanda kuwala
Masamba owuma	Kusowa kwachilengedwe m'nthaka, gawo losagwirizana (acidic kapena zamchere)
Masamba owuma a beige pamasamba	Kutentha kwa dzuwa chifukwa cha madonthowo amagwera pamasamba kuthirira kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, ndikusintha kukhala "magalasi", kuyang'ana kuwala
Kupanda maluwa	Kutalika kokwanira masana kapena kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Chifukwa china chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndikukuika mumphika "wosakhala wamtali"
"Wet" komanso tsinde lakuda	Kukula kwa mizu kumayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa dothi limodzi ndi kutentha kwa mpweya komwe kumakhala kotsika kwambiri ku gerbera

Mavuto ambiri omwe ali ndi gerbera amayamba chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera kapena malo osungirako ena osayenera

Matenda, tizirombo ndi kayendetsedwe kake

Gerbera, wopezeka bwino kapena wapafupi, kulandira chisamaliro choyenera, samakhala ndi matenda komanso tizirombo. Pali njira zina zodzitetezera zomwe zingachepetse chiopsezo cha matenda:

omasuka, osagontha, kuyika miphika ya maluwa pawindo;
"khazikika" kwa milungu iwiri yokha;
chithokomitsa dothi, miphika ndi zida zilizonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito posamalira nyama zakunyumba;
kupuma mokhazikika kwa chipindacho, kusunga chinyezi cha mpweya pamlingo wofunikira;
Kuchotsa kwakanthawi masamba akale owuma, kuzimiririka kwa inflorescence, kuchotsa fumbi kuminda;
kuyang'anitsitsa maluwa osachepera kamodzi pa sabata ndikuchotsa pomwepo pazenera la toyesa ndi zizindikiro zokayikitsa;
kusintha kwakanthawi madzi kuthirira ndi wotumbululuka pinki njira ya potaziyamu permanganate.

Gome: Zizindikiro zowonongeka ku matenda a gerbera ndi tizirombo, njira zowathetsera

Matenda kapena tizilombo	Mawonetsero akunja	Njira zoyendetsera
Powdery mildew	Malo owoneka bwino amiyala yoyera pamaso ndi masamba, amatikumbutsa za ufa wosweka. Pang'onopang'ono "amakula" ndikuyamba kukhala bulauni	Zithandizo za Folk (zogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matendawa azindikiridwa pa nthawi yake kapena kupewa): yankho la phulusa la koloko kapena mpiru wouma (50 g pa 10 malita a madzi), 1:10 kefir yovutitsidwa ndi madzi kapena seramu ndi ayodini (dontho kwa lita), kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi. Gerberas amathandizidwa nthawi 2-3 ndi gawo la masiku 3-4. Njira zowongolera :ang'anitsani masamba onse omwe akhudzidwa, gwiritsani ntchito dothi labwino kwambiri masentimita 2-3, phatikizani ndi fungicides (Topaz, Acrobat-MTs, Vitaros, Previkur) mogwirizana ndi malangizo a wopanga
Gray zowola	"Wet" bulauni amawonekera pamasamba ndi zimayambira, pang'onopang'ono kukokera mosanjikiza mosalekeza "zokutira" zautoto. Tiziwalo timeneti m'malo awa timafewetsa, zowola	Kuteteza: kuyambitsa dothi panthawi ya kukomoka kwa mphesa za mankhwala a Zaslon, Barriers. Chithandizo cha anthu pachidwi polimbana ndi matendawa sichikupatsani kanthu. Njira zowongolera: chepetsa kuthirira kufikira pazofunikira zochepa, kudula ziwalo zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa, kuwaza "mabala" ndi choko chophwanyika kapena ufa wofayidwa, gwiritsani ntchito maluwa ndi Fundazole kapena Topsin-M kawiri masiku onse khumi ndi atatu
Mochedwa	Malo amtundu wa bulauni omwe amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, pang'onopang'ono amakula ndikusintha mtundu kukhala wakuda. Gawo lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi mbewuyi ndi lopunduka, zowola. Mizu yamadzi imavanso - duwa limatha kuchotsedwa mu dothi popanda kuyesayesa konse	Katetezedwe: Kukhazikika kwa mizu kwa mphindi 15 mukupanga njira yothetsera mabacteria (Alirin-B, Ridomil-Golide) pakugulitsa, sabata iliyonse ndikumwaza nthaka ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mivi ya adyo kapena gruel kuchokera m'mabichi. Njira zowongolera: chotsani minyewa yonse yomwe yakhudzidwa, gwiritsani ntchito "mabala", utsi wampaka ndi dothi ndi Fitosporin-M, Fundazol. M'madera ovuta kwambiri, duwa limatha kutayidwa. Ndikukhumudwitsidwa mwamphamvu kutenga zinthu zodzala kuti ziberekenso.
Fusarium	Kumauma ndi kufinya kumunsi kwa tsinde, mphete zakuda kudula, mawanga "amadzi" achikasu pamasamba kutaya kamvekedwe, nkhungu yoyera kapena yapinki pazinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mbewu	Kuteteza: kubwezera m'malo mwa madzi kuthirira ndi pinki njira ya potaziyamu permanganate, kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni kapena sulufule wa colloidal; Kugwiritsa ntchito Trichodermin, Glyokladin pang'onopang'ono ndikuthira mbewu m'nthaka ndikuthira njira ya Agat-25K, Gamair, Skor, Maxim. Njira zowunikira: ndikosatheka kuchiritsa mochedwa vuto ndi njira zamakono, komanso zindikirani kukula kwake koyambirira. Mutha kuyesa kupulumutsa mbewuyo mwa kudula zipatso zake, onetsetsani kuti zigawo zake ndi zoyera
Chotchinga	Zomera zowala za beige kapena zofiirira pamasamba ndi zimayambira, pang'onopang'ono zimakulirakulira, mawanga ofiira owala owazungulira. Woopsa milandu, anafetsa gawo lapansi mumphika	Kupewa: kuwaza nthaka ndi kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi kapena owombera adyo, tsabola wofiyira pansi, 20% yankho la mowa wa ethyl. Njira zowongolera: chotsani zopota zowoneka bwino, kumeta zipolopolo zawo ndi palafini, turpentine, mafuta a makina ndikudikirira kwa maola 2-3, kupukuta masamba ndi chitho cha nyumba kapena sopo wobiriwira wobiriwira, gwiritsani ntchito duwa ndi Actara, Alatar, Fufanon, Falianotsid, Actellik
Ma nsabwe	Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi masamba tating'onoting'ono tokhala masamba, masamba, nthenda zodwala timakhala ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono a beige omwe amawoneka bwino pakuwala. Zomera zina zomwe zimagwidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala zowonongeka, zowuma	Katetezedwe: Kukongoletsa kwamaluwa ndi ma infusions onunkhira bwino (zitsamba, nsonga za phwetekere, msuzi wa ndimu, chitsamba, celandine, zinyenyeswazi za fodya, ndi zina zambiri). Njira zoyendetsera: koyambirira - gwiritsani ntchito ma infusions omwewo, kuchepetsa pakati pa njira kuyambira masiku 7 mpaka 6 mpaka 6, osagwiritsa ntchito - gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala aliwonse ophera tizilombo - Mospilan, Tanrek, Admiral, Inta-Vir, Iskra-Bio
Spider mite	Mawonekedwe owonda, pafupifupi owoneka mozungulira mozungulira mtengowo, mawanga achikasu pazinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa. Zimakhala zosatheka kuwona tizirombo tokha ndi maliseche	Katetezedwe: kupopera mbewu ndi dothi mumphika wophika ndi anyezi kapena gruel, chopukusira cha cyclamen tubers, kulowererapo kwamasamba masabata ndi nyali ya quartz. Njira zowongolera: gwiritsani ntchito ma acaricides - Fitoverm, Neoron, Vertimek, Akarin, Apollo. Pa chithandizo chilichonse cha mankhwalawa, pali mankhwala atsopano omwe amateteza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisadwale. Nthawi yotalikirana pakati pa ndondomeko imayambira masiku 3-5 mpaka masiku 10-12. Mukamawotcha mumsewu, nsapato zambirimbiri zimachulukana
Whitefly	Tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono timene timafanana ndi njenjete kuchokera pachomera nthawi zonse, ngakhale kukhudza kocheperako. Masamba amasanduka achikasu, kenako nkuwonekera	Kupewa: Kulima pafupipafupi pamphika, kugwiritsa ntchito misampha yopangira kunyumba (makatoni, opaka mafuta ndi uchi, mafuta odzola, guluu womata pang'onopang'ono) kapena tepi yomatira yogwira ntchentche, kuphatikiza ndi fumigator pafupi ndi mbewu. Njira zowongolera: maluwa opopera ndi kulowetsedwa kwa yarrow, chowawa, masamba a dandelion, tchipisi cha fodya, pakalibe mphamvu - gwiritsani ntchito mbewuzo ndikutaya dothi ndi Actara, Actellik, Confidor-Maxi

Kodi gerbera yomwe imagwidwa ndi tizirombo kapena matenda imawoneka bwanji - chithunzi

: Powdery mildew pamasamba imawoneka ngati yovulaza yopanda vuto yomwe ndiyosavuta kuyimitsa, koma kwenikweni ndi matenda oopsa

: Ngati mukukhudzidwa ndi zowola imvi, choyambirira, muyenera kudula minofu yonse yomwe ikukhudzidwa, kulanda owoneka ochepa athanzi

: Blight imakhudza mbali zonse za mbewu

: Ndizosatheka kuzindikira kukula kwa fusarium kumayambiriro.

: Chithandizo cha anthu ku nkhondo yolimbana ndi tizilombo sichothandiza - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timateteza chipolopolo

: Nsabwe za m'masamba - imodzi mwazomera zazikuluzikulu zam'mimba

: Spider mite si tizilombo, chifukwa chake, mankhwala apadera - ma acaricides amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana nawo

: Whitefly ndi chifukwa china chosakondwera ndi chikasu, izi ndizowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga misampha yopangidwa ndi nyumba

Njira zofotokozera maluwa

Gerbera amafalitsa mofunitsitsa muukapolo, mwakutulutsa zipatso komanso moolowa manja. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti kutentha kwa mbeu, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mthunzi wawo ndi mawonekedwe ena osiyanasiyana.

Gawo logawa

Njira yosavuta yopezera gerbera yatsopano. Chokwanira kwa okhawo athanzi wathanzi kuyambira wazaka ziwiri. Kulekanitsa kumachitika ndikusinthana kuti gawo lililonse la kukula kwa 2-3 likhalebe. Izi zisanachitike, mizu imanyowa kwa maola 2-3 kuti ichoke pansi, ndiye ngati ndi kotheka, imagwiridwa ndi manja, pogwiritsa ntchito lumo kapena mpeni pomwe izi sizingachitike. Zonse zomwe zidapangidwa zowazidwa ndi choko chophwanyika, kaboni yokhazikitsidwa, sinamoni.

Kugawidwa kwa tchire kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muwonetsetse kusungidwa kwa zizindikiro, koma njirayi siyabwino kwa mbewu zonse

Zomera zomwe zimapezedwa zimasinthidwira mumiphika yaying'ono yodzadza ndi gawo laling'ono la gerberas wamkulu, amasamalidwa monga chizolowezi. Poika mbewu, chisamaliro chimayenera kuthandizidwa kuti chisale ndikukula. Zimatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti muzu, maluwa angayembekezeredwe miyezi 10-12 mutabadwa.

Musagawe mbewu imodzi m'magawo ambiri, aliyense azikhala ndi masamba atatu

Kumera kwa mbeu

Njira yovuta komanso yosamalira nthawi, yomwe sikutanthauza kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino. Mbewu zitha kugulidwa kapena kusungidwa palokha. Iwo omwe ali ndi miyezi yopitilira isanu ndi itatu, sizikupanga nzeru kubzala. Kumera kwabwino (kupitirira 50%) kumapitirira kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mitundu yatsopano imaphuka kokha pakatha zaka ziwiri. Nthawi yoyenera kubzala mbewu ndiyambira Januware mpaka Marichi.

Zofesedwa, osati zoyikidwa m'munda wamchenga ndi peat tchipisi, zomwe zimayenera kupukutidwa bwino musanabzike. Finyani ndi dothi loonda. Kenako zidazo zimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu ndipo mpaka zitatuluka (nthawi zambiri zimatenga masiku 8-10) zimasungidwa pamalo otentha kwambiri, podutsa mpweya tsiku ndi tsiku kuti muchotse kudzikundikira komwe kumachitika.

Mbeu zatsopano za gerbera zimaphuka msanga komanso modabwitsa

Mbande zomwe zimawoneka zimamera m'kuwala pa kutentha kwa 18-20 ° C, kuteteza ku dzuwa. Mu gawo la pepala lenileni, amakwiriridwa, atakhala m'mbale zazing'ono zamapulasitiki zodzaza ndi dothi lomweli. Denga lamadzi ndilofunika pansi. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyesa kuwononga mizu pang'ono momwe mungathere. Masamba 4-5 atawonekera, gerberas amazidulira miphika, pafupifupi 10 cm, mu gawo lapansi loyenerera mbewu zachikulire. Kenako samalani, mwachizolowezi.

Kukula kwa gerbera kuchokera kumbewu ndi njira yayitali komanso nthawi yayitali, zomwe zotsatira zake sizingatheke kulosera

Kanema: Kukula kwa gerberas kuchokera ku mbewu

Kudula

Sizipereka nthawi zonse momwe zimafunidwira; Koma mutha kuyesa. Gawo la tsinde lalitali masentimita 10 ndi masamba 2-3 limadulidwa mosamalidwa pamtengo. Zodulidwa mizu mumchenga, perlite kapena vermiculite, yophimba thankiyo pamwamba pamatumba apulasitiki kapena kapu yamagalasi. Amapatsidwa chinyezi chambiri, kutentha kwa 25-27 ° C, ndipo mwina kutenthetsa. Tsamba likapanga tsamba latsopano, amathanso kuwaika ngati chomera chakale.

Kudula gerbera sikuti kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyenera nthawi zonse

Ndemanga zamaluwa

Kwa gerbera, kumwa mopitirira muyeso ndikwabwino kuposa kusefukira. Mwinanso mukukhalabe ndi moyo ndipo ndimakonda maluwa.
Laluna//forum-flower.ru/showthread.php?t=175

Dzulo ndidalowetsa kachilomboka mwa zoopsa zanga komanso pachiwopsezo. Sindinayerekeze kuchita izi m'mbuyomu, pomwe ndidawerengera kuti mtengowo upatsidwe masiku angapo kuti usinthe. Ndidachita izi: Ndidatenga mphikawo mochulukirapo kuposa woyamba uja, ndidatsanulira dongo labwino, ndidagwiritsa ntchito duwa la Terra Vita ngati dothi (mwanjira inayake ndidazolowera kale). Pang'onopang'ono adatulutsa kachilomboka kuchokera mumphika wakale. Zomwe mizu yandikhumudwitsa pang'ono, ndikumveka, sizomveka: siponji ya mizu yaying'ono ili kumapeto kwenikweni kwa matope, ndipo pansi pake panali mizu yambiri yabwino. Adagwedeza nthaka mmbali, kuchokera pansi adangomata dothi lapansi kuti nthaka yonyamula yaying'ono ikhalebe. Komabe, panalibe mizu. Sindinathirire madziwo, chifukwa dothi lakale linali lonyowa (izi zinakhalanso chifukwa chake ndidataya dzinthu kuchokera pansi, chifukwa ndidamwetsa madzi tsiku logula). Kubwerera kumalo ake oyambira. Tsikulo lapita, tili chikomokere. Masamba achichepere adayamba kukula.
Bagirka//forum-flower.ru/showthread.php?t=175

Ndikuganiza kuti ma gerberas achi Dutch amaponyedwa kunja pambuyo maluwa.Ndipo ngati udakula kuchokera kumbewu, ndipo pambuyo maluwa, kupereka matalala, ndiye imapitilirabe kukula. Akakulidwa mumphika woumbika bwino, mizu imalandira mpweya, ukathiriridwa, dongo limatenga chinyezi, kenako nkuchiwonjezera, koma ngati zili bwino m'chipindacho, mutakula mumphika woterowo, mizu ya gerbera imayamba kuzizira, ndipo ndi yopanda vuto pankhaniyi. Mphika uyenera kukhala wogwirizana ndi muzu ndi rosette wa masamba, ndiye kuti, m'mphepete mwa masamba azituluka kunja kwa mphika.
Asio otus//floralworld.ru/forum/index.php?topic=1764.0

Virbera wanga wakhala zaka zitatu. Amatsamira pawindo, ndikugwetsa masamba, koma ndimathirira pang'ono, ndipo pofika masika atsopano amayamba kuonekera. Chifukwa chake chachikulu sichili kusefukira.
Olga2162//www.flowersweb.info/forum/forum1/topic69961/messages/

Ndili ndi gerbera kuntchito. Zodzaza. Ndidula masamba owuma pang'ono, tsopano akukwera watsopano, wobiriwira komanso wamphamvu. Windo ili kumpoto, likuyimirira pansi pa kuwala kwa kumbuyo (phytolamp). Ndikadali moyo. Tsopano, nditatha maluwa, ndimadyetsa Uniflor kukula ndi theka la feteleza.
Irisha//www.flowersweb.info/forum/forum1/topic69961/messages/

Gerbera ndibwino kuti musangokhala ndikusintha, koma kungosintha. Ndi zotheka nthawi iliyonse, ngakhale maluwa. Ndikofunika kutenga mphikawo m'mimba mwake mulifupi mwake masentimita 2-4 kuposa kale. Amakonda dzuwa, koma bola kutentha sikusapitirira 24 ° C. Simungathe kukonza chilichonse. Ngakhale kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi chowonjezera sikungapweteke. Mtundu wofooka wa maluwa ndi kutalika kwa tsinde kukuwonetsa kusowa kwa chakudya. Ndikwabwino kudyetsa feteleza wosavuta wamaluwa wamaluwa kumakampani odalirika.
Aleksey//forum.bestflowers.ru/t/gerbera-v-komnate.5075/

Virbera wanga ali kale ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Sindinawone zovuta zilizonse mosamala. Adakhala maluwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi motsatizana. Dzuwa silikonda - masamba ayamba kutembenukira chikaso. Ndikofunikira kuthirira kwinakwake patsiku. Zosowa tsiku ndi tsiku. Wanga gerbera watha kale, ndidauthira ndikuwuphika mumphika wokulirapo ndikuuyika mumsewu mumithunzi. Chifukwa chake tsopano simungamuzindikire!
Katya 1980//forum.bestflowers.ru/t/gerbera-v-komnate.5075/

Gerbera, makamaka kutulutsa, sakonda kutentha kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuti siyokwera kuposa 20 ° C. Malo ake ayenera kukhala owala, dzuwa. Palibe kutetemera kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwenera. Pazenera lakumwera, kuwombera kungafunike kokha kuyambira pakati pa Meyi, kenako kokha m'maola otentha kwambiri masana (kuyambira pafupifupi 10:30 mpaka 14 maola). Kuthirira pa gerbera nthawi zonse kumakhala kokwanira, ndiye kuti, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono. Koma pewani kusefukira mbewuyo. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi muyenera kuthira madzi mumphika. Pukutani mlengalenga mozungulira chomera nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuchidyetsa ndi feteleza aliyense wamaluwa am'munda. Tsoka ilo, gerbera nthawi zambiri amatayidwa atamasulidwa, ngakhale ingabzalidwe m'mundamo.
Natali//iplants.ru/forum/index.php?showtopic=644

Gerbera kuchokera kumbewu sizovuta konse! Ndinagula nthangala za Jameson za gerbera. Mitundu yosakanikirana. Adabzala mu Meyi mumphika umodzi 10 zidutswa. Asanu ndi umodzi awuka. Ndipo pomwepo zidawoneka "zokoma." Patatha mwezi umodzi, adasinthanitsa zonse kupatula chimodzi mumiphika yaying'ono. Amakula mosiyanasiyana - ena mwachangu, ena otsalira. Patatha mwezi umodzi, adasinthanitsa aliyense m'miphika, kupatula woyamba - akukhala mwanjira yake! Ndipo nazi, wokondedwa, watulutsa maluwa! Adadziwitsa kuti maluwa amafunikira, choyamba, kuti abiritse zochulukirapo, ndipo, kachiwiri, kotero kuti masana masana amafupika. Ndiye kuti, Ogasiti ndi omwe amawapeza kwambiri! Chifukwa chake ndikhulupirira enawo apezanso mwayi. Chokhacho chokhacho ndikuti sichimawoneka ngati chachithunzichi, koma monga pinki daisy. Ngakhale ndimamudyetsa pafupipafupi, komanso mnzake wapadera! Ndipo amakonda kumwa! Mwinanso kutentha kwa iwo? Mchipindacho, chilimwe, chimafika 30 ° C ...
Wofewa//iplants.ru/forum/index.php?showtopic=644

Gerbera ndi chomera chowoneka bwino komanso chowoneka bwino chomwe chimalimidwa ndi wamaluwa ambiri poyera komanso kunyumba. Timayamika motalika komanso maluwa ambiri. Sikovuta kupanga mayeso abwino kapena oyandikana nawo. Chikhalidwe sichofunanso makamaka chisamaliro. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakupatsani mwayi wokusonkhanitsa zonse pawindo, zomwe zimakondweretsa maso nthawi zonse.