Tidziwa kukoma ndi kununkhira kwa zakuda kuyambira nthawi yaunyamata. Zipatsozi ndizosungira mavitamini. Koma ndi chisamaliro chosayenera kapena chosakwanira, tchire likadwala kapena likuwukiridwa ndi tizirombo, zokolola za currant zimavutika. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kutsatira malingaliro angapo osavuta.
Kufunika kwa kukonza ma currants mu kasupe
Chithandizo cha masika ndicho chikhalidwe chachikulu cha chisamaliro choyenera cha currants. Tizilombo tambiri timazizira bwino m'nthaka pansi pa tchire ndi masamba akale, ngakhale kuli ozizira kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yoti tizilombo tisanachulukitse ndi kuvulaza mbewuyo. Njira zodzitetezera munthawi yake zimakupulumutsani ku mavuto osafunikira ndikuti mukolola bwino. Ndiosavuta kukhala ndi nthawi yochepa kumapeto kwa chaka kusiyana ndi kumenyana ndi matenda kapena tizilombo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kugwiritsa ntchito tchire kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndikothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa ntchito za tizilombo zimachulukana ndi kutentha, ndipo zimavuta kuthana nazo.
Mukakonza tchire
Tizilombo timadzuka ndi kutentha koyamba kwa kasupe. Chisanu chikangosungunuka ndipo kutentha kosasintha sikungadutse 0 ° C, yang'anani maimidwe. Ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yokwaniritsa tchire lophukira masamba asanaphuke, pomwe chitsamba sichinafike kaye pomwepo ndipo sichinasunthe. Munthawi imeneyi, zimakhala zosavuta kuphatikiza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuwononga mphutsi.
Tchire liyenera kukhala lopanda dimba lopanda masamba.
Sikoyenera kumangiriza chithandizo cha tchire, chifukwa ma currants amasula masamba mwachangu kwambiri. Ndikosatheka kuneneratu tsiku lenileni, lingalirani za nyengo ndikuwunika kutentha.
Momwe mungachitire
Pali njira zambiri zowongolera tizirombo ndi matenda a currant:
- njira zachikhalidwe (kuthira madzi otentha, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi ma infusions osiyanasiyana, kuwotchedwa ndi moto, ndi zina zambiri);
- kukonzekera kwa agrochemical (madzi a Bordeaux, urea, Aktara, Karbofos, Iskra-M, etc.);
- zinthu zachilengedwe (Gamair, Pentafag, Trichodermin, Nemabakt, Fitoverm, ndi zina).
Njira za "agogo" a Folk
Ubwino wa njira za wowerengeka: kupezeka, kusavuta kuthekera ndi kuchita bwino.
Chithandizo cha madzi owiritsa
Njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yaulere pokonzanso ma currant baka, omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa zaka zoposa 12.
Kuchepetsa madzi otentha kuli ndi zolinga zingapo:
- kuwonongedwa kwa chidutswa cha currant chomwe chimakhazikika mu masamba a chitsamba;
- powdery mildew spore kuchotsa;
- kukondoweza kwa kusadziletsa kwa mbeu pazaka zonsezo;
- kukonza kukoma kwa zipatso ndi kuchulukitsa zipatso;
- kufulumizitsa kudzutsidwa ndi kuthengo kwa tchire;
- kufalikira kwa nsabwe za m'masamba.
Nkhupakupa ya impso ndi tizilombo toopsa kwambiri ta ma currants, nkovuta kwambiri kulimbana nayo. Zotsatira zakupezeka kwake zimapezeka mu impso zotupa. Musanayambe ntchito, chotsani impso zowonongeka, kenako onetsetsani kuti mwazitentha.
Mizu yamatchire imayenera kuphimbidwa pang'ono ndi matabwa, ma sheet a chitsulo kapena zinthu zina zotheka kupewa kuti ayake. Pezani mwayi wokhala ndi mbeu pasadakhale, lingalirani machitidwe, momwe madzi amayamba kuzizira msanga. Palibe phindu kuthirira tchire ndi madzi owuma.
Mangani nthambi ndi chingwe kapena waya mu mtolo kuti muchepetse madzi.
Ndikwabwino kuthilira tchire kuchokera mumtsuko wachitsulo, chifukwa madzi otentha amatsogolera kupukutidwa kwa pulasitiki. Kutentha kwenikweni kumakhala pafupifupi 70-80 ° C. Madzi okhala ndi kutentha pamwamba pa 80 ° C angayambitse kuyaka pamtengowo, ndipo kuzizira kwambiri kuposa 70 ° C - sangayambitse tizirombo.
Thirani madzi otentha mumtsuko, popeza madziwo azizirala mpaka kutentha komwe kumakonzedwa ndikumapereka kumalo antchito. Kuti muwongolere zotsatirazi, onjezani makhiristo angapo a potaziyamu permanganate, mchere kapena sulfate yamkuwa kumadzi. Muyenera kuthilira madzi mosavuta komanso moyenera, kuyesera kuti musaphonye nthambi imodzi, osakhala m'malo amodzi kwa masekondi 5.
Ndiye amasule ndikutaya dziko lapansi mozungulira, chifukwa tizilombo tosakhazikika timabisala pamwamba. Pankhaniyi, kuthira madzi otentha mwachindunji pamizu ya chomera sikuyenera kutero, chifukwa izi zidzayambitsa kutentha ndi kufa kwa chitsamba.
Ndikofunikira kuthira madzi owira panthambi zonse osaphonya kamodzi
Kumwa madzi otentha pach chitsamba nthawi zambiri kumakhala 5-6 l. Koma zonse zimatsimikizidwa ndi kukula kwa mbewu. Kukonza ndi madzi otentha ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yachilengedwe, popeza kukonzekera kwa mankhwala sikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwira ntchito.
Simungathenso kuthengo, ngakhale mutaphonya kena kake. Zitha kuvulaza mbewu.
Phulusa
Olimi odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa njira ina yotetezeka, koma yothandiza kwambiri yolimbana ndi matenda a zitsamba (kuphatikiza ndi powdery mildew). Zomera zimathiridwa ndi yankho la phulusa.
Ndiosavuta kukonzekera phulusa:
- Mu 10 l madzi kuwonjezera 1 makilogalamu a pansi bwino phulusa.
- Siyani njira yothetsera masiku 3-7, oyambitsa zina.
- Sansani feteleza mosamala, osamala kuti musasokoneze phula.
- Onjezani sopo yotsuka pang'ono pofikira kuti ikapopera ikamatirira bwino nthambi.
Phulusa la phulusa liyenera kusakanikirana nthawi ndi nthawi
Finyani zonunkhira ndi njira yatsopano yokonzekereratu patsiku louma, lopanda phokoso, makamaka madzulo.
Ngati palibe sprayer, ndibwino kuti mugwire ntchito ndi burashi lofewa, lonse.
Ndikofunikira kukonza mosamala, osanyalanyaza tsamba limodzi, nthambi iliyonse ndi tsamba lililonse mbali zonse ziwiri. Momwemonso zimachitika katatu, yopuma kwa masiku awiri. Zovuta zomwe zimayikidwa mu ndowa zimaphatikizidwa ndi madzi ndikutsanulira mwachindunji pansi pa chitsamba.
Chithandizo chamoto
Kumapeto kwenikweni kwa dzinja, chisanu chisanasungunuke, ndipo pomwe currant ikadagona, tchire limatsitsidwa ndi moto. Chifukwa cha izi, torch yamagesi kapena blowtorch ndiyoyenera. Moto wowongoka panthambi kuyambira mtunda wa 8-10 8-10. Osakhala pamalo amodzi - ingogwirani ndi lawi katatu. Ndondomeko amayatsa kwambiri nkhupakupa, mazira a aphid ndi tizilombo tina.
Kuwotcha ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yodzitetezera.
Chenjerani: musatenthe nthambi, koma kuwotcha pang'ono. Sikuti ndi alimi onse amene amazindikira kuti njira yotereyi ndi yotetezeka.
Kanema: Kudulira koyambira ndi kukonza ma currant baka ndi moto pogwiritsa ntchito blowtorch
Mitengo ya mankhwala azitsamba
Ndikotheka kukonza zitsamba za currant ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zakonzedwa pamaziko a mbewu zophera tizilombo. Zimathandizanso, koma kumayambiriro kwamasika sizipezeka nthawi zonse.
Kumayambiriro kwa masika, si zitsamba zonse zomwe zidakulapo, koma peel anyezi pafupifupi zimakhala pafupi.
Popewa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi:
- Garlic tincture. Onjezani 100 g wa adyo wosankhidwa ku chidebe cha madzi, kusiya kwa maola 20-25. Chitani chitsamba ndi njira yatsopano.
- Anyezi peel. Mumtsuko wamadzi otentha kwambiri, zilowerere 1.5 makilogalamu a mankhusu, mavuto pambuyo masiku 2-3. Pambuyo kuchepetsa kulowetsedwa pakati ndi madzi, utsi wa currant katatu ndikupumula kwa masiku 5-7.
- Dandelion. 1,2-1,5 kg wa chomera (ndi rhizome) kutsanulira 10 malita a madzi ofunda. Pambuyo maola 2-3, mutha kupopera kale ma currants.
- Tingafinye. Sungunulani 1-2 tbsp mu 10 l madzi. l chotsani ndi kupopera mbewuzo nthawi yomweyo. Pambuyo masiku 7, bwerezani njirayi.
- Marigolds (amatha kuwuma). Mu ndowa, madzi otentha, vwitsani 30 40 g yazomera. Mukazizirira, pindani nthambi ndikuthirira pansi panthaka.
Chithandizo cha agrochemical
Njira zodzichinjiriza ndikutsimikizira kuti mudzakolola bwino. Kuthira munthawi yofanizira ndi ena mwa othandizira omwe atchulidwa pansipa kungathandize kwambiri chisamaliro chotsatira cha othandizira.
Urea
Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa azichitira currants, omwe masamba sanakhalepo ndi maluwa, ndi yankho la urea ndi kuphatikiza zamkuwa. Pa ndowa ya madzi okwanira lita khumi, tengani 700 g wa urea (urea) ndi 50-100 g wa vitriol. Kuphatikizika kotero kumapha mphutsi ndi mazira a tizirombo touluka, ndikuwonongeranso spange ndi bawi.
Urea zonse ndi tizilombo komanso feteleza
Osakaniza ndi feteleza wabwino kwambiri wa nayitrogeni ndipo amakhala ngati wavala zovala zapamwamba. Njira yothetsera vutoli imalowetsedwa chifukwa chotupa, koma osatsegulidwa masamba ndi masamba a nthambi, potidzutsa chomeracho ndikufulumizitsa chiyambi cha nthawi yamasamba. Mankhwalawa ali ndi phindu pa kukoma kwa zipatso.
Ndikofunikira kuti muzisankha yankho lolondola komanso musamanunitsire masamba achichepere, chifukwa adzalandira kutentha kwamankhwala.
Ngati sizotheka kuchita mankhwalawa panthawi, ndiye kuti urea iyenera kuchepetsedwa nthawi 10 (50-70 g pa 10 l).
Iron sulfate
Iron sulfate ndi chida chothandiza kuti awononge tizilombo zoyipa. Kuchiza kwa kasupe kokhala ndi yankho la 1-3% kumathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi currant anthracnose. Kufufuza ndi vitriol kumachitika kawiri ndi gawo la theka la ola. Ndikofunika kugwira nthawi maluwa asanayambe, komanso bwino - masamba asanatseguke. Pukusani tchire madzulo nthawi yabwino.
Iron sulphate imatha kukoka masamba a currant
Iron sulfate imathandizira polimbana ndi tizirombo, mphutsi ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a mafangasi (mawanga, powdery mildew). Komanso ndi feteleza wabwino yemwe amatha kupanga kuchepa kwachitsulo.
Bordeaux madzimadzi
Pofuna kupewa matenda a currant ndi anthracnose, mawanga ndi dzimbiri, 1% yankho la Bordeaux lamadzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito, womwe ndi njira yamadzi yosakanikirana ndi mkuwa wa sulfate ndi nthawi yachangu. Tizilombo timayala nthawi yozizira mu zinyalala pansi pa tchire, onetsetsani kuti mukubzala dothi pafupi ndi tsinde loyambira, mutachotsa masamba akale ndi zinyalala.
Yankho la Bordeaux osakaniza - mankhwala othandiza kwambiri motsutsana ndi anthracnose currants
Bordeaux fluid ndi njira yodziwika bwino yothetsera matenda ambiri.
Blue vitriol motsutsana ndi powdery mildew
Powdery mildew ndi matenda owopsa kwambiri a fungus amayamba chifukwa cha ectoparasites. Imafooketsa chomeracho, imalepheretsa mbewuyo ndipo pamapeto, imatha kuwononga tchire. Awa ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amapatsirana ndi tizilombo, mphepo, komanso kuthilira kapena kukonza. Powdery mildew spores nthawi yachisanu pansi pa tchire pa zinyalala zamasamba (zipatso zakugwa, masamba, nthambi).
Powdery mildew spores imafalikira ndi zida, zida zamaluwa, magolovesi ndi nsapato.
Copper sulfate solution imathandiza motsutsana ndi powdery mildew
Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti muwononge powdery mildew, koma zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuchepetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopewera. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuwaza currants kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi yankho la 3-5% lamkuwa. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika masamba asanatsegulidwe. Sinthani bwino nthambi iliyonse kuchokera kumbali zonse ndi nthaka pansi pa tchire.
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mankhwala 3% Nitrafen solution. Ndondomeko tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ibwerezenso kamodzi musanakhale maluwa.
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Kuwonongeka kodalirika kwa mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, kukonzekera kwa mankhwala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kumayambiriro kwam'mawa kapena asanaphuke, tchire limagwiridwa ndi sodium colloidal kapena omwazika sulfure. Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala:
- Aktara
- Inta Vir,
- Kinmix
- Sulfaride
- Chlorophos
- Karbofos.
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa ma currants ndi njira yodalirika yochotsera tizirombo.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili ndi poizoni, choncho tiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha njira zina zonse zoletsa tizilombo atalephera.
Zachilengedwe
Zinthu zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi mwayi wosaneneka kuposa ma agrochemicals. Ndiotetezeka kwa anthu, mbalame ndi nyama. Komabe, amayamba kuwonetsa katundu wawo maola angapo atatha kukonza. Zinthu zachilengedwe zimakwaniritsa bwino kwambiri kutentha kwa 15 ° C, ndiye kuti pamatenthedwe pang'ono tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndikulunga chitsamba mu filimu kwa masiku awiri atatu kuti mupange kutentha.
Zopangira zinthu zachilengedwe ndizothandiza kutentha kutentha kuposa 15 ° C ndipo sizivulaza anthu, mbalame ndi nyama.
Zitsanzo za zinthu zachilengedwe:
- Zochita;
- Fitoverm;
- Bitoxibacillin;
- Nemabact;
- Trichodermin;
- Galamir.
M'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe motsatira malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa, apo ayi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo polimbana ndi tizirombo ta ma currant bush kungakhale kochepa kwambiri.
Kutchinjiriza kwa kasupe ka zitsamba za currant ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ichi ndi chitsimikizo cha thanzi la mbewu komanso chitsimikizo cha kukolola kochuluka. Kuteteza currants pasadakhale tizirombo ndi matenda ndikosavuta kuposa pamenepo kuyesetsa kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa. Yang'anirani mosamala mkhalidwe wa tchire kuti mutengepo njira zachangu ndi zothandiza popewa matenda ndi majeremusi.
