Pafupifupi chomera chotchedwa "fern" dziwani zambiri. Zakhala zikudziwika chifukwa cha nthano ya usiku wa Kupala, umene amawombera. Kwa yemwe apeza duwa limenelo, chimwemwe chidzamwetulira. Sitidzatsimikizira kuti nkhaniyi ndi yeniyeni, koma tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti fern ndi chomera chokongola chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kukongoletsa bwalo ndi munda. Chinthu chachikulu - kukonda fern ndikudziwa kulima. Koma palibe wina amene adawonapo fermoming, mwina palibe umboni wotsimikizika wa chodabwitsa ichi. Koma mkhalidwe uwu sulepheretsa chomera kukhala pakati pa atsogoleri pakati pa zinthu zambiri za zokongoletsa m'maluwa.
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 10,000 ya fern, yomwe imalola aliyense wamaluwa kusankha zosiyanasiyana zomwe iye amakonda. Tiyeni tifufuze bwino zomwe zimachitika pa mbeuyi ndikuyankha funso la momwe mungamere munda wa m'munda.
Mukudziwa? Fern akuonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zomera zakale kwambiri, popeza zinkaoneka pa dziko lapansi zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo.
Munda wa munda: makhalidwe onse
Mitundu ya Fern imasiyana mosiyana ndi mzake, kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a moyo (wowawa ndi herbaceous), ndi zochitika. Komabe, kunja ndi ofanana kwambiri, ambiri samakayikira kuti ili ndilo lalikulu kwambiri la zomera za spore. Mafinya amasiyana mosiyana ndi masamba, kusagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi komanso mapulasitiki.
Ndi mitundu yanji ya fern yomwe ili yoyenera kukula m'munda
Lero, fern ndi wotchuka kwambiri ndi wamaluwa ambiri omwe aphunzira momwe akubzala ndi kusamalira kunja. Zimakongoletsedwa ndi minda, m'madziwe, kumapanga malo okongola.
Tidzalemba mitundu yambiri yozizira-yolimba kwambiri, yomwe imakhala yabwino m'munda mwathu ndipo ili yabwino kwambiri kukula:
- Orlyak wamba. Maso okongola. Mizu yake imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala. Kutalika kwa fern iyi ndi masentimita 80.
- Makwerero ndi akazi. Ili kufika mamita mu msinkhu. Kumalo amodzi amatha zaka khumi.
- Shchitovnik mwamuna. Fern yapamwamba kwambiri, yomwe imatha kuyenda mpaka 1.5 mamita, koma imakula pang'onopang'ono. Yofalitsidwa ndi zigawo za rhizome. Munda wabwino kwambiri wa munda, kulima ndi kusamalira mbewuyi sikovuta.
- Chitsamba cha chitsamba. Fern yaikulu yotentha.
- Ostrichnik wamba. Mtundu woterewu umatulutsa msangamsanga zamasamba zochititsa chidwi. Amamva zabwino zonse mumthunzi ndi dzuwa.
- Asplenium. Anthu amamutcha Kostenets. Asleniums ambiri amakonda kutentha, koma ena amakhala ozizira ndipo amatha kuzizira kuzizira mpaka -18 ° C. Kukula mtundu wa fern m'munda lero ndi wotchuka kwambiri.
- Nesting asplenium imakula ngakhale popanda dothi, chifukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chilengedwe kuti ikhale mizu pa milu ya masamba, nkhono ndi mitengo ikuluikulu. Imakula mpaka mamita 1 m'litali. M'masitolo apadera mungagule mitundu yochepa ya fern.
- Lukovitsenosny asplenium - wopanga fern. Dziko lake lakale ndi New Zealand. Mitunduyi imatha kukula m'munda, ngati mizu ili ndi masamba ouma m'nyengo yozizira kapena kukumba ndikusungira m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba mpaka masika pamodzi ndi clod ya padziko lapansi. Kutalika kwa chomera ndi pafupifupi 60 cm.
- Vivipating asplenium. Pamwamba kumtunda kwa bent, kufalikira masamba masamba amakula ndi kugwa pansi, kutembenukira ku zitsanzo zatsopano.
Momwe mungasankhire malo pa tsamba la munda wamunda
Amuna a chomera ichi ayenera kudziwa momwe angabzalidwe mbewu. Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti popanda mitundu, mitundu yonse ya zomera izi zimakonda mthunzi ndi chinyezi, choncho fern ali ndiyekha yoyenera kubzala ndi kusamalira m'tsogolo. Ngati pali malo amdima mumzinda wanu komwe zomera zina zimakhala zosasangalatsa, mukhoza kulima fern kumeneko. Icho chimapangitsa mosavuta ziwonongeko kwa oimira ena a zomerazo ndipo zimatha kukula m'nthaka popanda feteleza.
Kuya kwa dzenje ndi mtunda wa pakati pa tchire pafupi ndiwongolera ku kukula kwa chomera chachikulu. Ngati mutabzala mitundu yambiri ya fern, mutengere malo ena, chifukwa akhoza kulimbikitsa kwambiri zomera zomwe zili pafupi. Mungathe kuchepetsa malire awo mozungulira.
Ndikufuna kuunikira kwa fern
Fern imalekerera mthunzi bwino, koma kutalika kwa dzuwa sikungakhale koipa kwa masamba - amasanduka chikasu ndipo amadwala nthawi. Sichivulaza mbewu, koma maonekedwe ake amachepa. Kuunikira kwapamwamba kwa fern kuli kuwala kwa dzuwa. Miyezi yeniyeni ya dzuwa sayenera kugwera pa iyo.
Kodi nthaka iyenera kukhala yotani?
Kwa funso: kodi ferns amakonda malo otani, ndi kosavuta kupereka yankho ngakhale kwa woyang'anira munda. Inde, dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira ndi bwino kuyamwa chinyezi. Kuti madzi a m'nthaka asawonongeke ndipo sakuyambitsa njira zowonongeka pa mizu, mungafunike mchenga kapena mtsinje. Kwa nthaka yofulidwa, onjezerani peat ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 2: 1. Sungani chitsime chabwino ndipo pang'onopang'ono muike chomera mmenemo. Pa mizu ya fern ayenera kukhala momwe mungathere pa nthaka yomwe idakula musanaikidwe. Izi zimamuthandiza kuthera mofulumira pamalo atsopano.
Zomwe zimabzala fern m'munda
Chinthu chachikulu cha kubzala munda m'munda ndiko kupeza malo amdima oundana, koma ndi kuchuluka kokwanira kwa dzuwa. Ngati mutabweretsa fern kuchokera m'nkhalango, ndiye kuti mizu yake ndi yabwino kusiya nthaka yambiri yomwe imakhalapo kale mmunda. Kenaka fern idzakhazikika bwino pamalo atsopano ndikukhazikika mwamsanga.
Malangizo apamwamba a Fern Care
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha kukula mofulumira ndi koyenera kwa munda wa munda uliwonse ndi chinyezi chokwanira cha nthaka. Zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zilizonse, chomeracho chiyenera kukhala chatsopano komanso chochepetsedwa. Chotsani masamba akale, odwala ndi oonongeka, koma mosamala kwambiri. Ngati simunabzalane ndi ferns osakanizidwa, musaiwale kuwaphimba m'nyengo yozizira ndi peat kapena masamba owuma. Pano, mwinamwake, ndizo zothandiza zonse pa kusamalira munda wa fern. Chipinda sichikusowa chakudya chodziwika, ndipo tizilombo sitimayimirira.
Ndikofunikira! Samalani mizu ya fern - amachira pang'onopang'ono.
Momwe mungamwetse munda wa munda
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse. Samalirani kwambiri kuthirira pa kasupe kukula ndi chilimwe chilimwe. Pothirira madzi, musaiwale kusamba masamba, osati kungosakaniza mizu ya fern. Ndibwino kuti mulch awononge nthaka pamtunda ndi coniferous mapazi. Izi zidzathandiza dothi kusunga chinyezi nthawi yaitali komanso kulimbitsa mizu ya fern.
Kusamalira dothi
Nthaka ya fern iyenera kukhala yotayirira ndi yonyowa. Onetsetsani kuti madzi sakuima ndipo sakuvunda pansi. Awa ndiwo malangizo othandiza kusamalira nthaka yomwe munda wamunda umakula.
Kudyetsa Fern kumunda
Manyowa a feteleza omwe ali ndi feteleza sikofunikira, koma mkhalidwe wofunikira ngati mukufuna kupereka zitsamba ndi zinthu zothandiza, kuti mupange zofunikira pa kukula ndi chitukuko. Ndi bwino kudyetsa fern kumayambiriro a masika, pamene mphukira zazing'ono zikuyamba kukula. Momwemonso imapititsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya organic feteleza. Ngati chomera chikufalikira, masambawo amatembenukira chikasu kapena kuuma, ndiye kuti alibe mchere komanso zakudya. Ndikofunika kugula feteleza zamchere ndikupangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi madzi.
Kukulitsa Fern
Amaluwa amadzifunsa kuti ndibwino kuti aphimbe fern? Izi zimachitika nthawi yachisanu pamene mbewu ikuyamba kukula. Ngati mutasintha fern, muzichimba mosamala kuti musawononge mizu. Yesetsani kusunga dzikolo pa mizu, ndipo pamapeto pake, patsani zomerazo mochuluka. Popeza dothi likukhazikika mutabzala, kukumba dzenje losadziwika. Penjelo liyenera kukhala lotero kuti rhizome imayikidwa mwachangu, pamene mizu ikuphuka.
Ikani fern mu dzenje kuti nsonga ya rhizome, yomwe masamba atsopano amakula, imakhala pansi panthaka, kuphimba ndi madzi. Dziko limagona mumadzi, kotero kuti palibe kusiyana kwa mpweya, ndipo mizu imakhazikitsidwa bwino ndi dothi ndipo siuma.
Mafinya amamva bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi, ali ndi chuma chambiri. Kuti muchite izi, mutengereni munda m'munda mmalo mwa madzi omveka, tsanulirani "ArganiQ" m'munda pamtunda wa 300 g pa chidebe cha madzi. Ndondomekoyi idzathandizira fern kuti asinthe mosavuta ku malo atsopano. Kuleza mtima pang'ono, ndi kuika munda wa fern, sikudzakhala kovuta kwa inu.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamapaka miyala yamtundu uliwonse, musafufuze dzenje - izi zikuwotcha.
Mbali za kuswana fern wamunda
Njira yaikulu yoberekera ferns ndiyo kugawanika kwa akulu akulu. Kuti mudziwe momwe mungagawire fern panthawi yomwe mukuyimira, muyenera kudzidziwa bwino ndi mabuku apadera. Koma mitundu ina ya chomera ichi imachulukira pang'onopang'ono. Chitani njirayi kumayambiriro kwa nyundo. Tsamba lamtundu wathanzi limasunthira pansi ndikuwaza nthaka yonyowa pamphepete, popanda kukhudza mitsempha yamkati.
Mukudziwa? Zomwe zimapangidwe ndi kuberekana kwa mitundu ina ya ferns zimalola kuyembekezera kusasitsa kwa spores kumbuyo kwa masamba a zomera.
Mukhozanso kufalitsa fern ndi spores, zomwe zimafunika kuumitsidwa pamapepala, ndiyeno, pakati pa mwezi wa January, pesa nyembazo, zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa kale pamene mbeu ikukula. Mu nthaka spores ayenera kukhala mwezi kapena mpaka zizindikiro zoyambirira za kumera. Mu February, chotsaliracho chiyenera kutumizidwa ku wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo pakubwera kwa kutentha komwe kumalowetsedwa pansi.
