Ambiri mwa olimawo ali ndi chitsimikizo kuti amadziwa zonse zokhudza kulima kaloti. Komabe, sizotheka nthawi zonse kututa zochuluka. Mtengowu sungatchulidwe kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri komanso wowumitsa chisamaliro, komanso uli ndi "zofuna" zakulima, mtundu wamtunda, nthawi yobzala, ndi zina zotero. Ndikofunika kuti muzidziwitsa nokha izi zisanachitike.
Momwe mungasankhire mitundu ya karoti
Zosiyanasiyana ndi zakanema za kaloti m'masitolo zimaperekedwa mosiyanasiyana. Akalulu aku Russia ndi akunja omwe akubereketsa amakhala akuswana mitundu yonse yatsopano. Chisankho chilichonse chili ndi zopindulitsa zake, motero nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kusankha. M'pofunika kuganizira osati mawonekedwe komanso anati kukoma kwa chipatso. Izi ndizofunikira, koma osati zotsutsa. Zina ndizofunikira: kutalika kwa nyengo yomwe kukula, kukula kwa mtundu wa gawo, moyo wa alumali, kuyenera kulimidwa m'dera linalake, poganizira nyengo, komanso kuthekera kopirira nyengo.
Mbewu za karoti m'masitolo apadera zimaperekedwa mwa mitundu yambiri, zikakhala zosankha, ndizosavuta kusokonezeka
Mutha kupanga malamulo ena mwachidule:
- Kaloti okhala ndi zipatso zazifupi amakhala oyenera kubzala.
- Kaloti okhala ndi mizu yotalikilapo amafunikira kulima bwino asanadzalemo. Iyenera kukumbidwa mpaka pakuya 25 cm.
- Mitundu ndi ma hybrids opatsirana ku Russia, poyerekeza ndi akunja, amakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri komanso mavitamini ambiri, macro- ndi ma microelements ambiri. Amadziwikanso ndi kusunga bwino komanso kusatetezeka kwapamwamba. Kaloti achilendo atha kusiyanitsa izi ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.
- Kaloti oyambilira amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo, koma samasiyanitsidwa ndi zabwino zawo. Mitundu yakucha mochedwa ndiyosungidwa bwino. Amasiyana mumtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa shuga ndi zipatso.
Pali mitundu yochepa kwambiri yoyenera kubzala m'chigawo chilichonse cha Russia. Ndikwabwino kugula zonedwe, zosinthidwa makamaka ndi nyengo komanso nyengo yamalo ena. Nthawi zambiri, chidziwitsochi chimakhala phukusi ndi njere. Kapena mutha kuyang'ana mu State Record of Kukula Kukwaniritsa. Pakati pazonse zomwe mungathe kutcha kaloti Alyonka, Nantes, Mfumukazi ya Autumn, Cardinal.
Mitundu ya karoti ya Alyonka ku Russia imazika bwino ndipo imabweretsa zokolola kulikonse komwe ingatheke
Makamaka osamala ayenera kukhala olima masamba omwe akukhala kudera lomwe amati ndi langozi. Pakati pa Russia, karoti aliyense angabzalidwe. Koma ku Urals, ku Siberia, ku Far East, nthawi zambiri amasankha kuti asamalidwe.
Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika kuti ndi zoyambirira ngati mbewu ya muzu ikhoza kukololedwa patatha masiku 85-100 mutamera mbande. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa olima ndi kaloti Minikor, Tushon, Peerless, Nantes, Artek, Rex. Mitundu yakucha pakati ikupanga masiku 100-110. Izi zikuphatikiza, mwachitsanzo, kaloti Samson, Callisto F1, Vitamini, Geranda, Boltex. Mitundu yakucha-m'mbuyo ikolola m'mbuyomu pasanathe masiku 125 zitamera. Mitundu wamba ndi Chantane, Red Giant, Canada, Monastic, Valeria, Flaccoro, Scarl, Red Cor. Ndikofunika kubzala mitundu ingapo ya zipatso zamipatso zingapo kuti zipatso zakupsa zipitirire pang'onopang'ono.
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti kaloti ndi mbewu yomwe imakhala ndi nyengo yachitukuko cha zaka ziwiri: mukasiya mbewuzo m'munda nthawi yachisanu, mutha kutola mbewu nthawi ina
Kukoma ndi zokolola ndi njira zomwe olima m'munda nthawi zonse amaganizira. Zabwino kwambiri pamenepa ndi mitundu ya kaloti Forto, Minikor, Callisto F1, Karotel. Zimafunikira komanso kukula kwake. Zomera zazikulu kwambiri zimaphukira pakufika pa kukula kwa Russia, Emperor, Rogneda, Ramosa, Typhoon, Vita Longa.
Malo abwino pazikhalidwe
Kasinthasintha wa mbewu ndikofunika kwambiri kuti ulimi ukhale ndi phindu. Kaloti m'dera lomwelo amabzalidwa osaposa zaka ziwiri motsatana. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndikofunikira kukhala ndi siderates kapena mbewu kuchokera ku banja lamu. Amasintha mtundu wa gawo lapansi, pomwe amadzaza ndi nayitrogeni. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri chikhalidwechi ndi Dzungu (nkhaka, zukini, dzungu), Solanaceae (tomato, biringanya, mbatata, tsabola belu) ndi Cruciferous (kabichi, radish, radish, daikon).
Biringanya, monga Solanaceae ena, ndi oyandikana oyenera komanso otsogola kaloti.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala kaloti pambuyo pa mbewu zina kuchokera ku banja la Umbrella (katsabola, parsley, udzu winawake, parsnip, tsabola, chitowe, fennel). Ndi anansi oyipa ake. Kuika mabedi kotere kumachulukitsa chiopsezo cha kufa kwa mbewu zambiri kapena zonse chifukwa cha bowa wa pathogenic ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mtundu wina wosavomerezeka wotsogozedwa ndi masamba letesi. Kaloti amatha kuvutika ndi zowola zoyera. Mothandizika amakana kukula mpendadzuwa ndi fodya.
Kupezeka kwa katsabola kapena mbewu zina zochokera ku banja la Umbrella pafupi ndi kaloti kumachulukitsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda komanso kuzunza tizilombo
Njira yabwino yothetsera ndikuyika anyezi ndi kaloti pafupi. Izi zili ndi phindu pa zokolola zonse ziwiri. Anyezi bwino kuthamangitsa karoti kuuluka, ndipo imakhudzanso anyezi.
Anyezi ndi kaloti obzala pafupi ndi bwino amathamangitsa tizirombo tina tonse toipa
Pabedi karoti amasankhidwa kuti masana amayatsidwa nthawi yayitali ndi dzuwa. Zowongolera mwachindunji sizimakhudza kubzala. Koma kusowa kwa kuwala ndi kutentha kumabweretsa kuti mbewu zamizu ndizopunduka, zowonda komanso zazing'ono. Thupi lawo limakhala lolimba komanso losasangalatsa. Mpweya wabwino komanso wabwino kwambiri.
Kuwala ndi kutentha ndizofunikira pakubadwa bwino kwa mizu
Chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri ndi mulingo wamadzi apansi panthaka. Sayenera kubwera pafupi kwambiri kuposa mita. Kuchuluka kwa moss ndi mtundu wake wa buluu sikuwonetsa mwanjira ina. Malo aliwonse otsika ndi otsetsereka samasiyidwa. Malowa azikhala osalala, apo ayi nthambizo zimangotsukidwa m'mundamo ngati mvula yatuluka.
Kubzala kaloti pamalo otseguka masika: Kubzala masiku
Chomwe chimapangitsa kudziwa nthawi yobzala kaloti ndi nyengo ndi nyengo iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, kumwera kwa Russia izi zachitika kale m'chigawo choyamba cha Epulo. M'madera omwe kumatentha kwambiri, ndibwino kukonzekera njirayi kumapeto kwa mwezi uno kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi. Ku Siberia, Urals, Far East, North ndi North-West, akuchedwa kwa milungu ina 2 mpaka 2 mpaka 47.
Kutentha kwa mpweya pa nthawi yakuchoka kumayenera kukhala kokhazikika kuzungulira 9-12 ° C usiku ndi 15-18 ° C masana. Dothi limafunikiranso kuloledwa kuti lizitentha. Maupangiri odalirika pankhaniyi ndi zizindikiro za anthu. Kaloti amalimbikitsidwa kuti abzalidwe patsiku la 23 pambuyo pa maluwa oyamba a coltsfoot, ndipo pomwe maluwa ndi masamba ophukira atayamba kuphuka, forsythia, hazel, ndi violet zimaphuka.
Kuyamba kwa maluwa a hazel kumatanthauza kuti dothi latenthedwa kale, ndipo mutha kuyamba kubzala kaloti
Kubwerera mwachidule kasupe akukulira -5ºº sichingaphe mbewu za karoti, makamaka ngati mutangomangitsa bedi ndi chilichonse chophimba. Koma kusunga kwake kumawonongeka kwambiri. Komabe, sikoyenera kuthamangira kubzala kaloti pamaso pa wina aliyense. Mbewu zosasanjika, zowola zimakula. Mphukira sizimawonekera kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale zitsanzo zomwe zabzalidwa masiku 10-15 pambuyo pake "zimawapeza."
Osathamanga kwambiri ndikubzala kaloti - ngati dothi likadali lozizira, mphukira zimawoneka osati kale, koma mochedwa kuposa masiku onse
Kaloti oyambilira amabzala kaye. Mid-nyengo ndi mochedwa - ndi nthawi pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Kukoka kwambiri sikulinso koyenera. Ngati mumabzala kaloti mochedwa mu June 20, simungathe kungodikirira mpaka nyengo yoyamba kuzizira, makamaka nyengo yotentha ya Ural ndi Siberian.
Ambiri olima m'minda pankhani yobzala mbewu zina amatsatira malangizo a kalendala yoyambira. Koma kutsatira malangizo ake mosawona, mwina, sikuli koyenera. Bzalani kaloti ngati mvula igwa mumsewu kapena ikangokhala yosavomerezeka, ngakhale patsiku labwino.
Mu 2019, kaloti amalimbikitsidwa kuti abzalidwe pamasiku abwino otsatirawa:
- Meyi: 1, 4, 5, 6, 12-14, 21-23.
- Juni: 10, 11, 12, 20-21.
Iwo omwe akuwongoleredwa ndi zizindikiro zamtundu, amayesa kuchita izi "masiku" azimayi a sabata (Lachitatu, Lachisanu, Loweruka). Amakhulupirira kuti pamenepa, kaloti amawonetsa bwino kumera.
Kanema: ndikwabwino kubzala kaloti
Kukonzekera kama
Kukonzekera mabedi a kaloti ndi njira yofanananso ndi mbewu zina zonse. Ngakhale alimi ambiri samanyalanyaza, ngakhale atamasula nthaka mu kugwa.
Kaloti amakonda gawo loyera lomwe silisunga madzi ndipo silisokoneza machitidwe wamba. Chifukwa chake, bedi liyenera kukumbidwa kawiri. Nthawi yoyamba - kuya kwa masentimita osachepera 30, chachiwiri - masentimita 15 mpaka 20. M'malo wandiweyani, lolemera, mizu yolondola ndi kukula kwake kosiyanasiyana kusiyanasiyana. Pakadutsa masiku 7 mpaka kukumba kwachiwiri, kama wake umakutidwa ndi manyowa (osakanikirana ndi kompositi kapena humus yokhala ndi peat crumb muyezo wofanana), amakhala 5-7 l / m², ndikusiya mpaka masika. Manyowa atsopano pansi pa kaloti samalimbikitsidwa. Ndikwabwino kuzigwiritsa ntchito pokonza mabedi azikhalidwe zam'mbuyomu, kutanthauza kuti, chaka chimodzi ndi theka chisanafesedwe.
Kwa kaloti, kumasula dothi ndikofunikira kwambiri, kotero amafukula mosamala bedi
Mutha kukonza gawo lapansili. Zabwino kwa kaloti - chernozem, loam chonde, zovomerezeka - mchenga loam, nkhalango sierozem, sod-podzolic nthaka. Udongo woperekela pafupifupi 10 kg pa mita imodzi ya bedi umangowonjezeredwa ndi dothi lopepuka kwambiri. Munthaka yamatope kapena yamiyala - mchenga chimodzimodzi. Sankhani bwino mizu ya chomera, miyala, ndi zinyalala zina. Moyang'anizana ndi tinthu tosakhazikika, mbewu za muzu zimasokonekera, zimakhala ziwiri, zokhotakhota.
Zofunikanso chimodzimodzi ndizoyimira acid-base. Chikhalidwe chimakonda dothi losalowerera. Ngati izi siziri choncho, ufa wa dolomite, laimu wosenda, wophwanyidwira kufumbi la chipolopolo cha mazira a nkhuku yaiwisi, choko chophwanyika chimalowetsedwa munthaka yokhala acidic. Chowonjezera chothandiza pa gawo limodzi la alkaline ndi masingano, utuchi watsopano wa mitengo ya coniferous, peat.
Dolomite ufa - deoxidizer wachilengedwe wa dothi, malinga ndi mlingo womwe umalimbikitsa, ulibe mavuto
Pafupifupi masiku 15 mpaka 20 mbewuyo isanakhazikitsidwe, dothi limasulidwa ndikuthira feteleza, potashi (10-15 g / m²) ndi phosphate (25-30 g / m²). Zodziwika bwino za izo ndi potaziyamu sulfate, kalimagnesia, yosavuta komanso iwiri superphosphate. Ndiosafunika kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni (ndipo makamaka kupita nayo kutali). Nitrate osakhala bwino amadziunjikira muzu. Gwero la macroelement awa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zoyambitsidwa mu kugwa.
Iwo omwe pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana amakana feteleza wamamineral amatha kulowetsa m'malo ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Muli osati potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, komanso magnesium, sodium, chitsulo, sulufu, zinki, molybdenum. Feteleza uyu samayamikiridwa ndi anthu okhawo omwe amalima pang'onopang'ono, komanso anthu omwe amakonda kutolera mbewu za karoti okha. Zomwe akuwona zikuwonetsa kuti akamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mchere amadzuka pambuyo pa zaka 3-4. Mukabzala, mmalo mwa karoti imodzi yabwinobwino, "ndevu" imapangidwa ndi mizu yambiri yosalala. Amatinso kuti muzu womwe umapangidwa ndi phulusa umasungidwa bwino, osawawa, uli ndimayanjano ofanana.
Phulusa la nkhuni ndiothandiza kwambiri komanso feteleza zachilengedwe
Ngati gawo laling'ono pa chiwembucho ndi loyenereradi kaloti, monga gawo lokonzekera, ndikokwanira kubzala mbewu za siderat kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Chakumapeto kwa Okutobala, greenery imadulidwa ndikubzala m'nthaka. Ichi ndiye feteleza wachilengedwe wachilengedwe.
Masamba a masamba ndi imodzi mwazodziwika bwino; samangotukula mtundu wa gawo lapansi, komanso amathandizira tizirombo tina tambiri.
Mulingo woyenera wa mabedi a kaloti ndi 0,8-1.2 m. Ngati mupanga kale, muyenera kupanga angapo nthawi imodzi - ndi imodzi ndizosatheka kupeza zokolola zochuluka. Ndi mulifupi wokulirapo, mavuto amadza ndi udzu, kuthirira, ndi kututa. Kutalika kwake kumangotengera dera la wochinjiriza ndi zokhumba za wolima. Palibenso chifukwa chokwera kaphiriko, komabe ndikofunikira kukweza ndi masentimita 10-12. Izi zikuthandizira kuti nthaka isasungunuke ndikuthothoka kwa mvula yambiri, ndikuti ichotse mvula yambiri.
Ngati mumapangitsa bedi loti kaloti akhale ochepa kwambiri, siligwira ntchito kuti mupeze mbewu zochuluka, ndipo pazonsezo ndizovuta kusamalira malo obzala
Chithandizo chambewu
Gawo ili lokonzekera silimangokhala kokha ndi granular karoti mbewu zofanana ndi dragees, ma hybrids achilendo osankhidwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi fungicides ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (opaka utoto wosazolowereka). Akonzeka kale kuti afike kumtunda. Koma njere zoterezi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa olima m'munda ambiri amakonda kupulumutsa ndalama ndikuchita zonse zofunika paokha. Komanso, palibe chovuta pa izi.
Mbeu za karoti zamkati ndizokonzeka bwino kubzala ndipo safuna njira zina zowonjezera
Mutha kupanga mapiritsi oterewa ndi inu eni, ngakhale muyenera kulira. Maziko ake amapangidwa ndi manyowa atsopano omwe atulutsidwa ndi madzi 1:10. Madzimadzi amayenera kusakanikirana bwino ndikusefedwa kangapo kudzera mu nsalu yowonda. Kenako imawiritsa, pakukonzekera kuwonjezera 20-30 ml ya Kornevin kapena Heteroauxin, 2 g ya zinc sulfate, 3 g ya ammonium molybdenum acid, 0,5 g amkuwa sulfate, boric acid ndi potaziyamu permanganate pa lita. Pazomata, gelatin, madzi a shuga, phala wowuma, ndi guluu wapadera wa pectin umawonjezeredwa. Mbewu zimachiritsidwa ndi kuphatikizika, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuchokera mfuti yogawana bwino. Kaloti oterowo amapsa masiku 7-15 kale kuposa masiku onse.
Choyambirira kuchita ndikuwunika kumera kwa mbeu. Kuti muchite izi, amizidwa mu njira ya sodium chloride (15-20 g / l). Mphindi 7-10 ndizokwanira, ndiye kuti momwe mulibe mluza womwe umayandama pamwamba. Kubzala iwo sikumveka konse.
Mchere wamchere umakupatsani mwayi wodziwitsa kumera kwa mbeu iliyonse
"Dzukani" mbewu, nthawi yachisanu ikukhala mu mtundu wa "hibernation", thandizani kusintha kwamphamvu kwa kutentha komwe kumayambitsa kupsinjika. Kwa masiku 7-10, atakulungidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa, amaikidwa usiku pakashelefu kenakake kafiriji, ndipo masana amasungidwa pamalo otentha kwambiri mnyumbayo. Njira ina ndikusinthanso ndi madzi otentha (40-50ºº) ndi ozizira (18-22ºะก). Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nthawi yakukonza ndi mphindi zisanu, yachiwiri - khumi. Kachitatu njere zimathiridwa ndi madzi otentha ndikungozisiya. Ndondomeko amatenga masiku atatu.
Wamaluwa amayesereranso. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse nthawi yomwe kumera kumera. Amathiridwa ndimadzi ofewa, osakhazikika pamoto kutentha, osakanizira amadzimadzi amalumikizidwa ndikusiyidwa kwa tsiku limodzi kapena pang'ono, amakula ndi mpweya.
Aquarium compressor imakhutitsa madzi ndi mpweya, chifukwa mbewu ndizothandiza kwambiri
Mbeu za karoti, makamaka zomwe zimakololedwa palokha, zimatha kukhala zonyamula spores za bowa zamagulu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngakhale atagulidwa m'sitolo, mankhwala opha majeremusi sayenera kunyalanyazidwa. Mbewu zimathiridwa mu nsalu kapena m'thumba la gauze ndikumizidwa mu pinki njira ya potaziyamu permanganate kwa maola awiri.
Potaziyamu permanganate - imodzi mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Kusanthula nthawi kumatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka mphindi 15 mpaka 20 ngati fungicides zamakono, zophatikiza zamkuwa zokhala ndi moyo, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndiotetezeka chifukwa chaumoyo wa anthu komanso chilengedwe. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa olima maluwa ndi Phytosporin-M, Phytocide, Phytolavin, Alirin-B, Previkur. Mbeu zoyesedwa zimatsukidwa pamtsinje wamadzi ozizira, zouma kuti zitheke.
Gawo lomaliza la kukonzekera ndikugwiritsa ntchito biostimulants. Mchitidwewo umachitika pafupifupi tsiku limodzi kapena awiri asanabzalidwe, mbewu pambuyo osasamba. Kukonzanso kumatenga maola 6-8. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala onse ogulidwa (Rizoplan, Epin, PhytoDoctor, Immunocytophyte), ndi wowerengeka azitsamba (mbatata ndi msuzi wa aloe, uchi wamadzimadzi wothiriridwa ndi madzi, mapiritsi a apilisi a asidi, mumiyo, soda. Njira ya 0.02% ya boric acid ndi yankho la 0,01% ya cobalt nitrate ingathandize kukonza zokolola zam'tsogolo.
Zithandizo zaanthu zimatha kupirira ntchitoyo kuposa momwe zidagulidwira biostimulants
Ngati pali chikhumbo chofika kale (pafupifupi masiku 4-7) ndi mphukira zochuluka, mbewuzo zimafunikirabe kuloledwa. Amakulungidwanso mu nsalu yonyowa pokonza, yopukutira, chopukutira ndikuyika malo otentha kwambiri mchipindacho. Njira yosavuta yowayika iwo mu soti ndikuyika batri yotentha. Zimatenga masiku asanu kuti mbewu zimamatirire. Pankhaniyi, chithandizo chokhala ndi biostimulants sichitha.
Mbeu zazikulu za karoti zimamera mwachangu mwachangu
Makamaka mbewu za karoti zosankhidwa mwanzeru m'nyengo yozizira. Azikhala akuluakulu, osakhala opunduka komanso owuma. Kulowerera kulikonse pakakonzedwako sikunayikidwa - zinthu zodzalamo zimangoyimitsa.
Kaloti m'mundamo obzalidwa ndi njere zokha, kulima mmera sikuchitika. Kuyika pambuyo pake, makamaka ngati nguluwe idachitidwapo kale, imawonongera mizu. Zotsatira zake (ngati mbewuyo ikapulumuka pomwe), mbewuzo ndi yochepa kwambiri komanso siyofanana.
Kanema: njira zokonzera mbewu za karoti kuti zibzalidwe
Ndondomeko Yofikira
Kubzala kaloti mu nthaka, mizere imapangidwa ndikuzama kuya kwa 1.5 mpaka masentimita 5. Kutalikirana kwa mzerewu ndi pafupifupi masentimita 20. Mbewu sizimafesedwa nthawi zambiri, ndikutalika kwa masentimita 2-4. Kuzama kwa mizere ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ngati zing'onozing'ono, mbewuzo zimatengedwa ndi mphepo kapena madzi, zakuya - sizingamere. Pafupifupi maola 2-3 asanabzalidwe, mzere uliwonse umathiridwa ndi madzi otentha, phulusa lamatanda linalake limathiridwa kapena kuphwanyidwa kuti likhale ngati chipolopolo cha dzira.
Mbewuzi zimakonkhedwa ndi dothi, ndipo zimadzazidwa ndi manja a kanjedza. Ngati kumakhalabe kozizira mumsewu kapena chisanu chikuyembekezeka, ndibwino kumalimbitsa bedi musanatuluke ndi chilichonse chophimba. Thirirani madzi nthawi zambiri, pomwe pamwamba pamtanda pamera. Mbewuzo zikamera, nthawi zimachulukana mpaka masiku 3-4.
Nthawi yakula, ngati nyengo ilola, kaloti amatha kubzala katatu - kumapeto, m'chigawo chachiwiri cha Juni komanso nthawi yophukira, nthawi yozizira.
Kanema: Ikani panja
Mbewu zophika ndizochepa kwambiri, nkovuta kubzala iwo wogawana. Pofuna kupewa njira zowonda, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana. Mutha kuzigula m'sitolo kapena kudzipangira nokha.
Kutchuka kwambiri:
- Manja mmanja. M'malo mwake, thanki yambewu yokhala ndi mawilo awiri. Kutsogolo kuli zida zokumbira kapena zokongoletsera ndipo cholinga chake ndi kupanga mzere. Msana wake wosalala umaphimba ndipo umagwirira nthaka. Tangiyo ili ndi chotulutsira, chomwe chimakuthandizani kuti musinthe mbewu zambiri. Palinso mapangidwe ena "apamwamba" - okhala ndi mizere ingapo yamagalimoto, zida zina zowonjezera feteleza ndi zina zotero.
- Piston wobzala. Chidebe cha pulasitiki chodumphira, nthawi zambiri chimakhala cylindrical. Pali piston pamwambapa, bowo lopapatiza pansipa. Kapangidwe konse kamafanana ndi syringe. Voliyumu yofunika ya njere, kukanikiza pisitoni, ndikufinya pamiyala. Kuti zisafalalikire, wofesayo azikhala wotsika, masentimita 5-7 pamwamba panthaka.
- Wodzala ntchito. Chimawoneka ngati madzi okwanira ndi mphuno yayitali kwambiri, yopapatiza. Mbewu zimatsanuliridwa mumtsuko, imakwiririka pamundapo. Kuti zibzalire mofatsa kapena pang'ono, ndibwino kuti musanaphunzitse.
- Tepi yolimba. M'masitolo pali tepi yapadera pomwe mbewu za karoti zimadulidwa kale panthawi yofunikira. Zimafunika kuyikamo mzere, wokutidwa ndi nthaka ndikuthiriridwa madzi pang'ono.
Zomera zamanja ndizosavuta kudzipanga nokha
Vidiyo: kubzala kaloti ndi mmera wamanja
Zida zopangidwa munyumba sizigwira ntchitoyo kuposa momwe zimasungira. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kusintha:
- Mabotolo apulasitiki. Kukula kwa voliyumu yaying'ono ndikatsekedwa ndi cholepheretsa, bowo limapangidwa mkati mwake ndi screwdriver. Udzu wapulasitiki umayikidwamo, wokonzedwa ndi tepi kapena tepi. Mbewu ndizosakanikirana bwino ndi mchenga wabwino kapena phulusa la nkhuni. Kapena ndi phala lopangidwa ndi ufa ndi madzi (supuni pa lita).
- Makatoni a mazira Amadulidwapo mbali zazitali ndikukumba m'munda. Mbewu zofesedwa mu zitsime zopezeka.
- Mapaketi a mankhwala omwe ali ndi dispenser. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pali batani pazomwe zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muchotse piritsi limodzi ndi kuthekera kotsegula chidebe.
- Zomata zamchere zachikale, zopaka tsabola.
Pali njira zambiri zopangidwira ndi obzala mbewu za pisitoni.
Ngati kaloti abzalidwe nyengo yachisanu isanakhazikike, amalimba mozama kwambiri, osachepera 5-6 masentimita. Kuchokera pamwambapa, mizereyo imakutidwa ndi dothi lotentha, lomwe limalowetsedwa mwapadera kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Bedi lakhazikika ndi chisakanizo cha humus ndi tchipisi cha peat. Muthanso kuthira mchenga pamiyala - kotero kudzakhala kosavuta kuti mupeze iwo kumapeto.
Tepi yomatira ndi mbewu ya karoti imangoyikidwa mu mzere, kenako wokutidwa ndi dothi
Njira zodzala kaloti
Omwe alimi ambiri akuyesera njira zodzalitsira kaloti ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatenga zipatso zabwino kwambiri. Tikafufuza mosamala, zimapezeka kuti zodabwitsa, poyang'ana koyamba, njira sizili ndi maubwino apadera.
Chidebe chopanda pansi
Kuphatikiza pa zidebe, amagwiritsa ntchito mbiya zachikale, mapoto ndi zina. Chidebe chotere chitha kuyikidwa pakona iliyonse yamalo azamalimidwe ndi malo ochepa.
Choyamba muyenera kuchotsa pansi kwathunthu kapena kubowola maenje okumbamo ambiri ndi mmakoma. Chidebe chija chimakhala pafupifupi theka ndikudzaza ndi dothi losakaniza wamba ndi manyowa, pafupifupi masabata 2-2,5 musanabzalidwe, imathiriridwa mokwanira ndi yankho la feteleza wa nayitrogeni (10-15 g pa 10 l).
Zomera zokhala mu chidebe ndizowoneka bwino komanso zazikulu
Asanatuluke, chidebecho chimatsekedwa - izi zimachotsa chiopsezo chakuti mbewuzo zimatsukidwa kufumbi kapena kuwombera kutali. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'thanki timayamba kutentha mwachangu, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimacha kale. Mphukira zomwe zikubwera zimakutidwa ndi dziko lapansi, pang'onopang'ono ndikudzaza chidebe chonse. M'nyengo yotentha, malo obzala amafunika kuthirira yambiri ndikuphatikiza pafupipafupi ndi feteleza wachilengedwe. Kaloti ndi osalala komanso akuluakulu.
Zomera zingapo zochepa zitha kulimidwa mum'tsuko. Zachulukidwe zimachulukirachulukira ngati mungachulukitse malo obzala kukhala bokosi lamatabwa 20-25 masentimita. Kuchokera m'dzinja, zinyalala zilizonse zidzagwera pansi, kenako humus ndi dothi wamba. Masika oterowo amayamba kutentha msanga.
Pansi pa mulch
Mulch amateteza dothi kuti lisamachulukane kwambiri komanso kuti lizitha kutenthetsa kwambiri, ndipo limapulumutsa nthawi yolima namsongoleyo. Nthaka imakhala yotayirira kwanthawi yayitali - karoti uyu amakonda kwambiri. Ndi malo abwino oti nyongolotsi zazomera zimapanga humus.
Njirayi imakhalanso ndi zovuta zina - ngati udzu wobedwa kumene, udzu, udzu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch, mbewa ndi makoswe ena nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa pamenepo. Njira yabwino ndi humus, zinyalala za peat, manyowa obiriwira, nettle. Singano sagwiritsidwa ntchito, imapatsa mphamvu gawo lapansi.
Kuphatikiza mabedi ndi kaloti, zina mwazinthu zina, kumathandiza wosamalira mundawo kuti asunge nthawi yoleka komanso kuwonjezera nthawi pakati pa kuthirira
Bedi limakutidwa ndi mulch pomwe mbande zake zimakula mpaka 12-15 cm, ndipo makulidwe a mizu ikafikira chala chaching'ono. Nthaka pofika nthawi imeneyi itenthe bwino - mulch samangokhala ndi kutentha, komanso kuzizira. Thirani wosanjikiza masentimita 7-8. Ngati mukulitsa, mbewuzo "zimatha".
Kanema: mawonekedwe a mabaluni a karoti
Ndi hydrogel
Hydrogel ndi zinthu zopangidwa, zomwe ndi mipira yaying'ono yamitundu yambiri kapena makhiristo. Madzi ochulukirapo, amawonjezera voliyumu, pomwe akumamasula ndikupukutira gawo lapansi.
Hydrogel amasunga chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali, akukwaniritsa nthaka ndi iyo
Mukabzala kaloti, granules zotupa zimayikidwa mu mzere, wothiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda, ndipo amawaza ndi mbewu yochokera kumwamba. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito hydrogel, chiopsezo cha nkhungu ndi zowola zimachepetsedwa kwambiri. Mphukira zimawonekera mwachangu - pafupifupi sabata limodzi. Kuthirira bedi ndizochepa. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa olimawo omwe sangakhale padzikoli mpaka kalekale.
Kissel
Kukoma kwa jelly pankhaniyi ndikosafunikira, motero, kumakonzedwa kuchokera ku wowuma ndi madzi. Pafupifupi 30 g imasungunuka mu 100 ml ndipo, pang'onopang'ono kuthira poto yaying'ono (1 l) yodzazidwa ndi madzi, kubweretsa kwa chithupsa. Unyinji womalizidwa uyenera kukhala wowoneka bwino, koma wopanda zipupa.
Pafupifupi supuni imodzi imodzi ya mbewu ndikwanira kapu imodzi. Amafunika kusakanikirana bwino ndikuthira madzi mu teapot, kuthirira ndi mphuno yopyapyala ndi zina zotero.
Ma Sessel ndi mbewu ya karoti amasakanikirana bwino kotero kuti amagawidwa wogawana momwe angathere
Mzere wokonzedwayo umathiridwa ndi zakudya, wokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi kuchokera kumtunda ndikuwunyowa pang'ono. Pafupifupi 250 ml pa mzere wokwanira. Wokoma ndi chakudya chabwino cha mbewu, mbande zimapezeka pafupifupi sabata kale, mbande zimamera mwachangu.
Kanema: odzola kubzala kaloti
Pachinese
Kaloti achi China amalima zisa. Izi zimathandizira kuti dothi liziwotha mwachangu, mbewu zimalandira kuwala kambiri dzuwa. Makamaka amachepetsa chiopsezo chakulemba madzi. Kututa ndikosavuta kukolola.
Kutalika kwambiri kwa kaphiriko ndi masentimita 20-30. Kutalika pakati pawo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 60. Amapangidwa mwa kungotulutsira dothi lakumtunda lokwera kwambiri mbali zonse ziwiri. Ngati dothi losauka, mutha kugawa humus yosakanikirana ndi superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate (15 g ndi 30 g pa 5 l, motsatana) pabedi.
Njira yaku China yakukula kaloti imafunikira kumangidwe kwa zitunda zazitali
Mbewu zibzalidwe m'mizere iwiri kumbali zakumwambayo. Amadziwitsidwa ndikuzama masentimita 2. M'mwezi woyamba, kuthirira kokwanira ndikofunikira. Kutola mizu, ndikokwanira kungotera zitulu.
Palibe kuwonda
Ngati mumabzala kaloti kwambiri, ndiye kuti kupatulira kungafunike. Koma iyi ndi njira yowononga nthawi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikosavuta kuwononga mizu ya mbewu yoyandikana, yomwe idakonzedwa kuti isiyidwe m'mundamo. Pali njira zobzala kuti muchepetse kuwonda.
- Sakanizani mbewu za karoti ndi mchenga wabwino. Kwa 5 l, 1.5-2 supuni ndikokwanira. Zosakaniza zosakanikirana zimasungunuka ndi madzi, pambuyo pa mphindi 10-15, ma purosesa osakanizika ofanana ndi simenti amadzazidwa mofananamo ndi misa. Patulani ndi dothi wamba pamwamba, madzi kachiwiri.
- Sankhani mbewu m'magulu oyambira. Akuluakulu kuposa wamba komanso osavuta kusiyanitsa pansi chifukwa cha mtundu wowala. Mbewu zimangoyikidwa mu mzere umodzi munthawi yofunikira.
- Pakani nthangala pasadakhale pa pepala lochepa la pepala la chimbudzi kapena pepala lina losakhala lamtundu, kusungitsa nthawi yayitali. Phala limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati guluu; ngati mukufuna, madontho ochepa amadzi a biostimulant akhoza kuwonjezeredwa. Pepala m'nthaka limawola msanga.
- Sakanizani mbewu ndi madzi. Iyenera kuwiritsa, kutentha kwambiri ndi 28-30 ° C. Sachet imodzi ndikwanira kapu. Kenako zosakanikazo zimasonkhanitsidwa mkamwa ndi kumalavulira. Njira ndi yoyambira, koma kugwiridwira kwake kwatsimikiziridwa ndi mibadwo ingapo ya asitimi.
Kudulira mbande ya kaloti ndi kofunikira ngati mbandezo ndizakuda kwambiri, apo ayi mizu yolimba ilibe malo okwanira
Kanema: Njira zakufikira popanda kupatulira
Kaloti m'nyengo yozizira
Kachitidwe kakulidwe kamawonetsa kuti mukabzala nthawi yozizira, mbewu za mizu ndizazikulu komanso zotsekemera kuposa masiku onse. Koma posungira kwakanthawi, sioyenera mwapadera.
Dera lanyumba liyenera kukhala lathyathyathya. Kupanda kutero, njere zimangosambitsidwa ndi madzi osungunuka. Feteleza yekha amamugwiritsa ntchito m'nthaka. Zosankhidwazo zimasankhidwa kucha koyambirira komanso kosazizira (ndizosiyanasiyana, osati chosakanizidwa). Njira izi zakwaniritsidwa kaloti Chantane, Vitamini, chisanu cha Moscow, Nantes-4, Osawoneka. Mbewu amatengedwa wamba, osati granular.
Kaloti a Chantane ndi oyenera kubzala nthawi yozizira
Kuwala kumachitika kale panthaka yozizira pa nthawi ya kutentha kwa masana kupitirira 2-3 ° C, dothi - pafupifupi -3 ° C. Uwu ndi theka loyamba la Novembala, kumadera akumwera - Disembala. Nthochi zimatha kuchitika mu Okutobala - mbewu zimayamba kukula, kuwaswa ndikumwalira nthawi yozizira. Sakuyenera kukhala atanyowa ndi kumera. Mulingo wabwinoko pa mzerewo ukuwonjezeka ndi 20%. Kuzama kwake ndi 5-6 cm.
Mukabzala m'dzinja, mbewu za karoti zimayenera kuyikidwa m'manda mozama kuposa masiku onse
Mizere imakutidwa ndi nthaka yofunda kuchokera kumtunda, yolungika ndi chisakanizo cha peat crumb yokhala ndi humus kapena kompositi yopanga, ndikupanga wosanjikiza ndi masentimita osachepera 5. The gawo lapansi limapangidwa pang'ono, lakutidwa ndi udzu, masamba, masamba, ndi nthambi za spruce. Chisanu chokwanira chikadzagwa, amakumba pansi chipale chofewa. M'nyengo yozizira, imakhazikika pang'onopang'ono, motero mudzafunika kukonzanso kamangidwe kake katatu, kuthyola kutumphuka pamtunda.
Pakati pa mwezi wa March, bedi limayeretsedwa ndi chipale chofewa, cholimba ndi chovala chakuda chakutchinga pazipilala. Pambuyo pa mphukira yoyamba kuwonekera, pogona chimachotsedwa. Kusamalira anamwino ndichizolowezi. Kututa mu khumi lachiwiri la Juni.
Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa amalangiza kubzala radives pakati pa mizere ya kaloti. Chimadzuka m'mbuyomo, kutanthauza kuti mizere. Izi zimathandizira kumasula ndi kudula.
Vidiyo: kubzala kaloti m'nyengo yozizira
Kaloti mu wowonjezera kutentha
Kupindula kwa kukula kwa kaloti mu wowonjezera kutentha m'minda yaying'ono yaying'ono ndikokayikitsa. Izi zimangomveka pamsika wamafuta. Limafesedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha mu September, kukolola kwa Chaka Chatsopano komanso koyambirira kwa March. Ndiye muzu mbewu zipse kumayambiriro kwa June.
Podzala, mitundu yoyambirira yakuyamba ndi sing'anga imasankhidwa. Ayenera kukhala oyenera kulimidwa m'malo otsekedwa. Zokwanira, mwachitsanzo, kaloti a Minikor, Airlie Nantes, Mokush, Amsterdam kukakamiza, Red chimphona.
Njira yobzala ndi kukonzekera njirayi ndi yofanana ndi yomwe yalimbikitsidwa kuti pakhale poyambira. Zochita zikuwonetsa kuti kaloti yemwe wakula mu wowonjezera kutentha sangakhale ndi matenda komanso tizilombo toononga, koma njira zopewera matenda siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa.
Kaloti amabzala mu unheated wowonjezera kutentha kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Ndikofunikira kuti idayang'anitsidwe kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo ndikukhalidwa ndi tsindwi osati denga. M'magawo oterowo, nthaka imawotha mwachangu. Asanatuluke, dothi limalimbikitsidwa ndi nsalu zakuda.
Vidiyo: Kukula kaloti mu wowonjezera kutentha
Palibe chilichonse chovuta mwamphamvu kukula kwa kaloti.Ambiri olima dimba, akungoponyera mbewu m'mundamo, ndiye kuti amakolola bwino. Komabe, ngati mumasamala pasadakhale kuti mupange chikhalidwe chabwino kapena chapafupi pachikhalidwe, sizingothokoza woyang'anira nyamayo. Palibe zofunika zambiri za kaloti. Kukhazikitsa mbewu ndikofunikira makamaka - kumathandiza bwino kumera ndi mtundu wa mbewu zam'tsogolo. Kuphatikiza pa zachikhalidwe, pali njira zosalimidwa, zomwe sizabwino. Chifukwa chake, ndizomveka kuyesa osachepera mabedi ang'onoang'ono kuti mumvetsetse njira yomwe ili yabwino kwa inu.
