Kubzala kwawoodwood, makamaka kumadera a Russia ndi Ukraine

Dogwood ndi chitsamba chonga mitengo chomwe chimamera osati kumwera kokha, koma kufupi ndi kumpoto kwa Russia. Kufalikira kwa chikhalidwe ichi ndikomveka. Kudya zipatso ndi kulowetsedwa kwa iwo kumatulutsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kumalimbitsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndikuwongolera chimbudzi.

Malamulo akukhazikitsa kwawoodwood

Dogwood ndi chomera chomwe chimagawidwa makamaka kumwera kwa Russia - ku Crimea ndi Caucasus, ngakhale mitundu yatsopano imamera kumpoto. Zimalimbana ndi chisanu ndipo zimatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -30 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri pafupi ndi shrub, malekezero a nthambiwo amatha kuzizira.

Dogwood - mtengo wamitengo yayitali-ngati chitsamba-lalitali

Malangizo ambiri kwa wamaluwa

Podzala, muyenera kusankha malo owala ndi otambalala, pomwe mthunzi wapafupi udzakhale osachepera 5 metres. Koma ngati dera lake lili lotentha kwambiri chilimwe, ndibwino kuti chitsamba chizipeza mthunzi pang'ono pobzala pakati pa mitengo.

Madzi oyambira pansi ayenera kukhala akuzama kupitirira 1.5 metres. Dothi ndiloyenera kusamala, ndipo ngakhale chimanga chidzamera panthaka yokhala acidic, sichingasokoneze kukula kwake.

China chomwe chimabzala ndi kuchuluka kwa tchire. Popeza chimanga chimatulutsa m'mawa kwambiri, pamawonekedwe a mpweya wa + 12 ° C, ndipo njuchi siziwuluka panthawiyi, kupukutira kumachitika. Kuti mumange zipatso bwino, muyenera kukhala ndi zitsamba 2-3 pamalopo, mtunda wa 3-5 mamita.

Mbalu yamaluwa imaphukira pomwe njuchi sizikuwuluka, chifukwa chake mungu wake ndi mungu

Mulimonse nyengo yotentha, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi asanabzalidwe, amakumba malo pansi pa chitsamba akuya masentimita 50-60, ndikusankha mizu ya namsongole wosatha, makamaka tirigu wamasamba ndi wosakanizika. Amapanga feteleza wachilengedwe komanso michere. Pa 1 m² pafupifupi 6 kg ya manyowa ndikwanira. Mukugwa, manyowa obiriwira amabzalidwa: nandolo, mbewu monga chimanga, ndipo nthawi ya masika - vetch kapena fatselia ndi kulowetsedwa kobiriwira m'nthaka.

Kubzala nkhuni zabwino makamaka pa chisanu choyamba.

Momwe mungabzala ndikulima chitsamba: Malangizo othandiza - kanema

Nthawi yayitali

Mukugwa, dzenje lakufikira limakhala lokonzekera. Ndipo chakumapeto, dziko lapansi lidzakhazikika ndikudzaza madzi amvula. Pambuyo nthawi yozizira, mbewuyo imadzuka m'mawa kwambiri, ndipo imafunika kubzalidwe masamba ake asanatseguke. Madera akumwera izi ndi pakati pa Okutobala, ku Central Russia - theka loyambirira la Marichi.

Kusankha Mmera

Mbande zokhala ndi zaka ziwiri, kutalika kwa 1-1.5 m, ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 2 cm, zimamera bwino. Zimayenera kukhala ndi nthambi za chigoba za 3-5 komanso mizu yolimba bwino. Ndikwabwino kusankha mbande zomwe zili ndi dothi lomwe zidakulirako kale.

Mbande za Dogwood ndibwino kutenga zaka ziwiri, kuchokera ku nazale ya m'dera lanu

Njira yofikira

Potentha, nkhuni za mitengo zimabzalidwe bwino mumitengo yayitali ya mitengo yayitali. Tchire lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi malo a 4 * 4-6 * 6. mamita Kubzala pafupipafupi kudzasokoneza kukonzanso kwa mbewu, kusonkhanitsa zipatso ndi kupukutidwa.

Kumagawo akum'mwera, nkhuni zamaluwa zimamera bwino pamtunda wamitengo yayitali.

Njira zingapo zobzala chitsamba

Pakubala nkhuni, kubzala mbande zomwe zimakhala ndi zipatso kwa zaka 2-3 kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Poyerekeza, tchire lomwe limakula kuchokera ku mbewu limapanga ovary kwa zaka 8-10, kuwonjezera apo, sizisunga nthawi zonse mtengo wa kholo. Palinso mitundu ina, yamasamba yofalitsira nkhuni: masanjidwe, katemera, kudula kobiriwira.

Kubzala mbande za mitengo

1. Pamalo osankhidwa kubzala chimanga, kukumba dzenje mpaka masentimita 80 ndikuzama. Nthaka yokumbidwayo iyenera kusinthidwa kukhala milu iwiri: kumtunda kwa dothi ndi m'munsi. Ngati dothi lidapangidwa umuna miyezi isanu ndi umodzi lisanabzalidwe, palibe chomwe chimafunikira kuwonjezeredwa. Ngati kukonzekera dothi sikunachitike, ndiye kuti mchere (100 g wa nayitrogeni ndi 200 g wa phosphorous ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu) kapena feteleza wachilengedwe umayikidwa pansi pa dzenje ndikuwuphatikiza bwino ndi nthaka.
   

   Dzenje lofikira limakonzedwa pasadakhale, kubweretsa feteleza wa humus ndi mchere mkati mwake

2. Musanabzike, yenderani mmera: ngati mizu yotseka, imafunika kuthira m'madzi pafupifupi maola awiri.
   

   Musanabzale, mizu yotseguka bwino ndikusiyidwa m'madzi kwa maola awiri.

3. Pakatikati pa dzenjelo, pali phirilo. Chimtengo chimayendetsedwa pambuyo pake kumanganso chitsamba. Ndikofunika kuyiyika kumbali komwe mphepo imawomba. Mmera umayikidwa dzenje, ndikusiya muzu wam'mimba 3-4 masentimita pamwamba pamtunda.
   

   Sapling mizu imakhala yowongoka mukabzala, onetsetsani kuti siimapinda

4. Dzazani chomera ndi dothi lochotsedwa mu dzenje, kutsanulira ndowa 2-3 za madzi. Mukakhazikitsa nthaka, mulch bwalo loyandikana nalo ndi humus kapena nthaka youma. Mangani mbande ya msomali.

Nthawi zina sizingatheke kubzala mitundu ingapo yamatabwa oyandikana ndi mungu. Kenako mbande 2-3 zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimayikidwa mu dzenje limodzi. Izi zimachitika mwanjira yanthawi zonse, kenako mitengo yazolowera imapindika. Chifukwa chake pachitsamba padzakhala nthambi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana mungu. Nthawi zina pakati pa mbande imayikapo mtengo wachitsulo, ndikuyikoka ndi mitengo ikuluikulu.

Timakula chitsamba

Fupa la chimanga limabzalidwa kuti lipange mitundu yatsopano. Mudzaona mbande m'masiku pafupifupi 800, ndiye kuti, chaka chachiwiri chokha.

Mitundu yamtchire yamtchire imafalitsidwa ndi njira yofesedwa, pambewu zomwe mbewuzo zimabzalidwa

Zimadziwika kuti nthangala za zipatso zosapsa zimamera pambuyo pa miyezi 6-7. Svetlana Nikolaevna Litvinenko anagwiritsa ntchito njira yolimbitsira nkhuni. Anasenda zipatsozo, natula nthangala zake ndikuwachiritsa ndi 2% ya sulfure acid masiku atatu. Pambuyo pa njirayi, adabzalidwa m'bokosi lamchenga mpaka akuya masentimita atatu ndipo amakhala wothira nthawi zonse kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pofika kumapeto, mphukira yoyamba idawonekera. Inde, sizinali 100%, koma zidamera mwachangu.

Kusamalira mbande ndichizolowezi: kupewa kupukuta, kuti mutetezedwe ndi kutentha kwa chirimwe, nthawi zina udzu, mulch nthaka. M'chaka choyamba, mbande zimangomera 4 cm pamwamba pamtunda. Podzafika chaka chachiwiri ndi 15 masentimita, ndiye kuti angathe kuziika malo okhazikika.

Nthawi zambiri, mitengo yamtchire yamtchire imamera mbuto imodzi, pomwe mbande zimalumikizidwa pamitundu yobzala.

Fotokozerani nkhuni ndi zodula zobiriwira.

Dogwood imafalikira bwino ndi mitengo yobiriwira, yomwe imadulidwa kumapeto kwa Julayi kuyambira baka 5-6 zitsamba zakale ndi akulu. Ndikofunikira kutenga mphukira yatsopano osachepera 15 cm.

1. Gawo pa shrub limachitika kuchokera pansipa, pa mtunda wa 1 cm kuchokera pa mphukira, mosabisa, masamba amachotsedwa ndipo phesi limayikidwa mu 3% heteroauxin yankho kwa maola 12.
2. Mthunzi, konzekerani malo ochepa oyika mizu ndi dothi lachonde ndikudzaza ndi mchenga wosambitsidwa bwino masentimita 10.
3. Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa mumchenga pamtunda wa 45 ° ndikuthirira.
4. Valani zodulidwazo ndi filimu kuti pakati pa pamwamba ndi ating kuyimitsa pali mpweya wabwino wa 20 cm.
5. Sungani kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha kuzungulira + 25 ° C, ngati ukukwera pamwamba, mpweya wabwino.
6. Nthawi ndi nthawi mumamwetsa zidutswazo ndikumwaza kuti mchenga ukhale wonyowa, ndipo madziwo samafafaniza mizu.
7. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, zodulidwazo zimazika mizu, ndipo zimayamba kuumitsa, nthawi ndi nthawi kukweza filimuyo kuti mpweya wabwino uzitha, kwa mphindi zingapo, kenako kwa maola angapo patsiku ndipo patatha milungu iwiri umachotsedwa kwathunthu. Zidula pakadali pano zimadyetsedwa ndi madzi yankho la ammonium nitrate pamlingo wa 30 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi. Zitha kubzyala m'malo okhazikika kugwa.
   

   Pafupifupi, mu masabata 5 mutha kutenga mbande kuchokera kudulidwe zomwe zakonzeka kubzala kugwa kotsatira

Kusamutsa chitsamba kumalo ena

Zomera zokulirapo za agalu nthawi zina zimayenera kuziwitsidwa. Zachidziwikire, mtengo wakale sungabzalidwe popanda zotsatira, koma ndizotheka kugawa chomera chaching'ono komanso nthawi yomweyo kukakhazikika m'malo atsopano. Ndikwabwino kuti ndikasendeza ndikugawa tchire m'thaka, mwezi umodzi chisanu chisanachitike, dothi likhale lotentha komanso lofewa. Amakufukula mosamala, kuyesera kuti asunge mizu yambiri. Popeza mizu ya nkhuni ili pamtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita 40, sizovuta kwambiri kuzisintha. Nthambi zonse zachikale ndi mizu yazomera zimadulidwa, kusiya zabwino ndi thanzi; chitsamba chachikulu chimatha kudulidwa m'magawo awiri a 2-3. Anabzala chimodzimodzi ngati wamba mmera.

Momwe mungabzala ndikubzala nkhuni m'magawo

Ambiri opita kutchuthi ku Crimea amakondana ndi mabulosi awa ndipo akufuna kukulitsa iwo mu ziwembu zawo ku Russia ndi pafupi konse. Chifukwa cha izi, mitundu yatsopano ikukonzedwa yomwe imatha kubala zipatso ngakhale ku Siberia.

Kufika kwa Dogwood kumwera kwa Russia (Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, Astrakhan, Stavropol)

Ku Volgograd komanso kutalika kwake, dogwood imakhalabe bwino ndikubala zipatso nthawi zonse, ngakhale kuli kwakuti kumakhala koopsa kuzizira kwa mphukira nthawi yachisanu yozizira. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kumakulitsa mu mawonekedwe a chitsamba, osati mtengo, kuti zaka zoyambirira mutha kubisala ku chisanu.

Volgogradsky yamtundu wamtundu wamaluwa wamaluwa imamera pachitsamba mpaka mpaka 3 mita, kutalika mu August

Zosiyanasiyana Volgograd imamera tchire lowoneka bwino lomwe. Masamba ndi ovate, amalozera, maluwa amakhala achikasu owoneka bwino, osanja, zipatso za chitumbuwa, chowongoka. Kutalika kwa maluwa kwa Dogwood ndi Epulo, kucha ndi Ogasiti-Seputembala. Kupanga kukwera kwambiri, kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda.

Mwa kukonza shrub, mutha kupanga mawonekedwe okongoletsa ndikusintha mawonekedwe amalo.

Kuyimitsa kwa Dogwood m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia

Pafupifupi kumpoto kwachikhalidwe chokonda kutentha, chomwe ndi nkhuni, nthawi zambiri chimazizira malinga ndi chipale chofewa, ndipo chifukwa chamaluwa oyamba, samapukutitsidwa mokwanira ndi njuchi. Zilimidwe m'chigawo chapakati, mitundu yosankhidwa ndizoyenera:

• Vladimirsky (mitundu yololera yayikulu ndi zipatso zazikulu zakuda za maroon zolemera mpaka 8 g, zomwe zipsa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti komanso koyambirira kwa Seputembala);
• Vydubitsky (wobala zipatso zochulukirapo, zipatso zamkati mwa nyengo, zipatso zofiira kwambiri);
• Elena (mtundu woyambirira wosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, zipatso zazipakatikati, zipse kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti);
• Firefly (mitundu yayikulu-zipatso ndi zipatso zofiira-zakuda, zokolola zambiri, zimapsa theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti).

Zipatso zawoodwood zimacha nthawi yayitali, motero ndikwabwino kugula mitundu yoyambirira ya pakati Russia.

Pakati panjira ndi ku Siberia, mitundu yamitengo yamapiri pano imazika mizu

Kutumiza kwa Dogwood ku Urals ndi Siberia

Mukabzala nkhuni ku Siberia, muyenera kusankha malo owoneka mopepuka, popanda mthunzi. Pansi pa malo amderalo, ndibwino kuti mukukula mu mawonekedwe a stanza. Chapakatikati, nthambi zotsika zimagwera pansi ndikuwaza ndi dothi. Amapanganso zingwe zazing'onoting'ono m'dothi ndikuyika timabowo tachaka tachaka. Pamwamba chimadulidwa kuti mphamvu zazikulu zipite kukapangidwa kwa mizu. Ndi kugwa, kuthawa kudzazika mizu. Patulani pakati pa chitsamba chachikulu, ndipo mudzapeza mmera wokonzekera kubzala. Njira imeneyi imathandizira kuti duwa lithe tchuthi nthawi yomweyo chisanu chisungunuke: kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso Meyi.

Zimatenga masiku 100 kuti zipse zipatsozo, mu Seputembiki zipatsozo zimayamba kutsanulira, ndipo nthawi zambiri sizipsa chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira.

Kubzala nkhuni mu mawonekedwe a dothi kudzateteza mbewu kuti isatenthe mphukira

Njira ina yokulitsira mbewu yolimbana ndi chisanu ndi kubzala mbande za njere. Mtengo wobzalidwa mwanjira imeneyi umaphukira pokhapokha zaka 8-10, ndiye kuti zipatso zolumikizidwa kuthengo ziyenera kukololedwa ndikufesanso. Mbadwo wachiwiri wa nkhuni udzakhala kale wolimbana ndi chisanu kuposa woyamba. Ndiye mutha kubzala mbewu zomwe zimapezeka ku zipatso za m'badwo wachiwiri wa dogwood, ndikukula tchire kwambiri kusinthidwa ndi chisanu. Kuchokera kwa iwo mutha kutenga zodula ndikusaka zina kuti zikufalitseni.

Umu ndi momwe m'matawuni apansi panawonekera munda wamtchire wa Vladimir Vasilievich Nikolaev. Anathetsa vutoli ndi njuchi mophweka: adayika mng'oma m'chipinda chotsekera, ndipo kumayambiriro kasupe chitsamba chidapukutidwa.

Kufika kwa Dogwood ku Ukraine

Dothi lamchere la Alkaline kumwera kwa Ukraine ndilabwino kwambiri pakulima nkhuni, ndipo chifukwa cha kubzala kambiri, shrub imabala zipatso mdziko lonse. Pafupi ndi mbewu zakale za Kiev-Pechersk Lavra zimapezeka, zomwe zaka zake ndi zaka zoposa 100.

Vuto lakulima nkhuni mdziko muno ndikubzala zinthu, chifukwa si nazale zonse zomwe zimagulitsa mbande. Kukhomera chomera kulinso kovuta kuposa mtengo wa maapozi kapena peyala.

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yakukula ku Ukraine ndi iyi:

• Amber
• Matalala
• Wofatsa
• Lukyanovsky.

Mitundu ya Dogwood pakukula ku Ukraine - chithunzi chowonera

Dogwood ndi mabulosi athanzi oyenera kukula m'munda uliwonse. Chitsamba chokonda kutentha chafalikira kwambiri kum'mwera, koma pang'onopang'ono chimagunda minda yambiri kumpoto.