Biringanya ndi Siberia: zitha kuwoneka ngati kuti mfundozo sizigwirizana, koma sizili choncho. Inde, m'chilimwe kumakhala kotentha kwambiri ku Siberia, koma osati kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo ma biringanya amafunika chilimwe chotalikirapo komanso chotentha. Chifukwa chake, mpaka posachedwapa, izi zamasamba zinali zosowa kwambiri ku Urals. Koma obereketsa adayesa, ndipo okangalika adapeza mwayi wokulitsa bwino chikhalidwe chokomera moto ichi ku Siberia.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya ku Siberia
Popeza biringanya amabzala nthawi yayitali, kusankha kwa Siberia ndizodziwikiratu: Mitundu yoyambirira yokha kapena yabwino kwambiri ndiyomwe ingabzalidwe pano. Mukutsina, mutha kubzala kumapeto, koma amafunikira chisamaliro chochulukirapo. Mwamwayi, tsopano pali mitundu ingapo yabwinobwino, ndipo State Record of the Russian Federation ikulimbikitsa mitundu yambiri ndi ma hybrids a biringanya kuti azilimidwa m'malo onse achizungu, kupatula.
Biringanya malo otseguka
Ndiwodalirika kugwiritsa ntchito ma hybrids (F1) a ma biringanya, omwe siophweka kwambiri muukadaulo waulimi, mdera laulimi wowopsa, koma mitundu ina yakale siyotsika kwambiri kwa iwo. Tsopano pali zingapo zomwe mungasankhe, koma ku Siberia, ngati mukufuna kukula biringanya poyera, muyenera kusankha kuchokera mitundu yoyambirira komanso yapamwamba kwambiri komanso hybrids.
- Agate F1 - wosakanizidwa wokwanira, amakhala ndi nyengo yochepa kwambiri yomwe nthawi zina mumatha kuchita popanda mbande: kumapeto kwa masika, mutha kuyesa kufesa mbewu zokonzedweratu ndi filimuyi, ndipo isanayambe chisanu koyamba gawo lina la mbewu lidzakhwima. Zipatso za mawonekedwe ndi biringanya, zabwinobwino, zolemera 200-250 g, zokolola zambiri. Wosakanizidwa amalimbana ndi matenda.
Agate ndi amodzi mwa mazira ochepa omwe amatha kubala zipatso pofesa mwachindunji mbewu m'mundamo.
- Daimondi ndi mtundu wapakatikati woyenera, wakula kuyambira 1983. Nthawi yochokera ku kupangika kwaukadaulo ndi masiku 109-149, nthawi imeneyi imadalira nyengo nyengo. Tchire ndi lodabwitsa, kutalika kwa masentimita 45-56. Zipatsozo ndi cylindrical, utoto wofiirira mu luso ripeness, brownish bulauni pakubwera kwachilengedwa. Unyinji wa zipatsozo ndi 100-150 g. Kukoma kwake ndikabwino. Yogwirizana ndi matenda.
Daimondi ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri.
- Bull Mtima F1 - chakumapeto koyambirira, zipatsozo ndi zokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito miyezi 4 mutabzala mbewu. Tchire totalikirapo, timafunikira zipatso zowoneka bwino, zopyapyala 300-500 g, zonyezimira. Kuchulukitsa kwa kupweteka, kupindika kumakulitsidwa.
- Emerald F1 - biringanya wokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu komanso kukoma kwa bowa, amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka ozizira komanso matenda. Kuchokera kufesa mbewu mpaka kukonzekera kwa zipatso zoyambirira, masiku 100-110 akudutsa. Ma biringanya obiriwira, ozungulira, olemera mpaka 300 g.Amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwampangidwe wosavuta kwambiri kuphatikiza, wokhoza kubereka zipatso munthawi iliyonse ya nyengo.
Chipatso chowoneka ngati Emerald chimadzipatsa dzina
- Bourgeois F1 ndi wautali wosapsa wakucha. Tchire limafunika kukakamizidwa, koma nthawi yomweyo kukaniza kwake matenda kumadziwika. Zipatso kwa nthawi yayitali. Zipatso zolemera mpaka 500 g, zofanana ndi mawonekedwe a tomato, zimayendetsedwa bwino ndikusungidwa.
- King of the North F1 - wosakanizidwa wokhala ndi ndemanga kuchokera kukangalika osati kwambiri. Amatha kubzala mbewu ngakhale kutentha kwambiri, sakonda kutentha kwambiri. Zomera zimafika 14 kg / m2. Kuyambira mbande mpaka kukolola zimatenga pafupifupi miyezi itatu. Zipatso ndi zazikulu, zazitali kwambiri komanso zopyapyala, nthawi zambiri zimakhala pansi.
Mfumu ya kumpoto nthawi zina imawoneka ngati nthochi zakuda: gulu limakhudza pansi palokha
- Bataisky ndi mtundu wapakati pa nyengo, kuyambira mbande zochuluka kufika pakupanga kwa chipatso, zimatenga masiku 118-142. Mabasi ndiwotunda kwambiri (masentimita 45-75). Zipatsozi zimapangidwa ngati cylindrical mawonekedwe, mtundu kuchokera ku utoto wakuda mpaka wakuda, mawonekedwe akuwala. Unyinji wa zipatso ndi 140-220 g. Zamkati ndi loyera, popanda kuwawa. Ubwino wazinthu zamzitini ndi zabwino komanso zabwino kwambiri. Zachulukidwe ndi chofooka ndizambiri.
- Vera - kalasi yolimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kuphika kunyumba ndi kumalongeza, kucha kucha. Nthawi kuchokera kumera kwathunthu mpaka kukolola masiku 100-118. Zipatso ndizowoneka ngati peyala, zolemera 120-200 g.zipatso ndizokhazikika, koma zotsika.
Vera ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya ku Siberia
- Salamander ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopangidwira dera la Siberia. Simalimbana ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha kuchokera ku chisanu mpaka nyengo yotentha, komwe kumakhala kwina kwa madera ena a Siberia. Ndipo chitsamba ndi zipatso zokulirapo, zoyambirira kucha. Chipatsochi ndi cha cylindrical, chofiirira, cholemera pafupifupi 250 g .. Lawani zabwino.
- Kutsutsana kwa Siberia F1 - kuphatikizidwa ndi State Record kuti ikulidwe panja komanso pansi pa malo okhala mafilimu, nyengo yapakati. Mtengowo ndi wamtali, zipatso zooneka ngati makilogalamu, wolemera pafupifupi g. Lawani zabwino zamalonda ndizabwino, zokolola ndizapakatikati.
Biringanya kwa wowonjezera kutentha
M'malo mwake, biringanya aliyense angabzalidwe munyengo yamakono. Koma mitundu yakucha yocha ku Siberia singathe kukhwima ngakhale mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, kupulumutsa malo, olima masamba amayesa kukula mitundu yayitali komanso yopindulitsa ndi ma hybrids m'malo otentha.
- Giselle F1 - wosakanizika ponseponse ogwiritsa ntchito zipatso, amathira kumera m'nthaka komanso m'nthaka yosatetezedwa, koma m'malo otetezedwa abwino zipatso zake zimakhala zapamwamba: mpaka 14 kg / m2. Zipatso zolemera mpaka 500 g, mawonekedwe a cylindrical, muyezo wodziimira utoto wa mazira, zimasungidwa bwino. Kututa koyamba kuli ngati masiku 110 mutabzala mbewu.
Giselle ndiwotchuka m'malo onse a nyengo.
- Zachikondi - choyambirira kucha, chosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ndi zipatso za utoto wofiirira, mawonekedwe a biringanya ndi owaza. Mabasi pafupifupi mita wamtali, zokolola zambiri. Zosiyanasiyana sizingawoneke kukhala zosavuta kubzala, zingabzalidwe kokha m'malo obiriwira abwino: kuzirala pang'ono, zimadwala matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
- Balagur ndi mtundu woyambirira kwambiri wakucha, mutabzala mbewu, zipatso zimatha kulawa pambuyo masiku 90. Tchire ndi lalitali, kwenikweni ngati mtengo wa Khrisimasi wopachikidwa ndi zipatso zazing'ono za lilac zolemera 100 g: pachitsamba chimodzi amatha kukula mpaka zidutswa 100. Kukoma kwake ndikabwino. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi kukana kwakuchulukirapo kuzizira ndi matenda, koma zimafunikira kupangidwa mosamala chitsamba.
Joker amasiyana chifukwa nthawi zonse pamakhala zipatso zambiri
- Maria ndi wokolola zipatso kwambiri wobiriwira kwambiri ku Siberia; Mabasi amakula mpaka 70-75 masentimita. Kukaniza matenda ndiwokwera kwambiri, zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pakusintha kwa kutentha. Kupsa koyambirira. Zipatsozo ndi cylindrical, zolemera 200 g. Lawani zabwino, zokolola zambiri.
- Kupsa koyambirira ndi mtundu wakale, wodziwika bwino. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira komanso m'malo obiriwira. Mabasi ndi omasulidwa, yaying'ono. Zipatsozo zakonzeka kukolola patatha masiku 110 mutabzala mbewu. Kupanga kotsika, zipatso zolemera 100-200 g, zooneka ngati peyala. Wosaumirira zinthu, umabala chipatso chisanayambe chisanu.
Zinthu zikukula
Nthawi yochulukirapo imadutsa pakufesa mbewu kukatulutsa biringanya: mitundu yakucha kwambiri yomwe imabereka zipatso itatha miyezi itatu kapena kupitilira. Tsoka ilo, masamba awa amathanso kubzala m'mundamo pokhapokha chilimwe: chimafunikira kutentha kwenikweni. Ngakhale kumwera, kuti apangitse kupanga oyambirira, biringanya amakula kudzera mbande, ndipo ku Siberia, njira yopanda mbeu sikugwira ntchito.
Mwakutero, biringanya safuna chilichonse chamzimu: amafunika dothi lotentha, losakhala lonyowa komanso lachonde kwambiri. Kukonda kutentha, komanso nthawi yayitali yokulira kuyimitsa kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe kumadera ovuta a nyengo yayitali. Ku Siberia, anthu okhala pachilimwe nthawi zambiri amatsegula nyengo zawo tchuthi cha Meyi. Pakadali pano, kukonza mabedi a biringanya kumayamba, ngakhale kuli bwino kuchita izi mu kugwa.
Ngati pali malo abwino obiriwira, muthanso kukonzera malo oti mubiringanyepo. Ngakhale, zabwino, masamba abwino kwambiri amakula pansi pa dzuwa, ndipo biringanya ndi chimodzimodzi. Koma kunja kwa wowonjezera kutentha, amayeneranso kukonzekera pogona pompopompo: kumanga nyumba yobiriwira kuchokera ku arcs, kuphimba ndi filimu. Mizere yama biringanya iyenera kuyikidwa kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera kuti iwunikire bwino komanso kuwotha ndi dzuwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri biringanya ndi kabichi, anyezi, dzungu ndi nyemba. Osawabzala mutatha tomato, tsabola ndi mbatata.
Biringanya amafunika malo ndi kuyatsa kwabwino
M'dzinja, bedi la m'mundamu liyenera kutsukidwa ndi zinyalala zamasamba ndikukumba ndi feteleza. Biringanya amafunikira kwambiri pakapangidwe dothi. Iyenera kukhala yotayirira, yopumira komanso yodzaza ndi humus ndi feteleza wa mchere. Ndowa zosachepera 1 ndi theka zidebe za humus kapena kompositi ndi mtsuko wa lita phulusa la nkhuni zimawonjezeredwa pa 1 m², komanso supuni ya superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate. Ngati dothi ndi dongo, muyenera kuwonjezera peat, dothi labwino, mchenga, kupereka kuchuluka kwa kompositi.
Kukula mbande
Kukula mbande za biringanya kumayamba kovuta kwambiri, koma mbande zikakula, zovuta zazikulu zidzakhala m'mbuyo. Sikuti mlimi aliyense amatenga nkhaniyi: mbande za biringanya zimafunikira ntchito yambiri ndi kuleza mtima.
Mukadzala biringanya kwa mbande
Mbewu ya biringanya, makamaka yosakonzekera, imamera kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mbewu zokonzekera sizimamera nthawi imodzi. Mphukira zoyambirira zimatha kuwoneka m'masiku a 6-8, kenako masabata angapo pambuyo pake izi zitha kuwonekera. Chifukwa chake, munthu ayenera kuyamba kukonzekera kufesa mbewu ngakhale nthawi yozizira, ngakhale biringanya akuyenera kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena panthaka.
Madeti abwino kwambiri ofesa mbewu ku Siberia ndi masiku oyamba a Marichi. Pankhaniyi, mbande zitha kuyembekezeredwa m'ma March, komanso mawonekedwe a masamba - kumapeto kwa Meyi. Pambuyo pake, mutha kudzala ma biringanya pansi pa malo okhala m'mafilimu. Ndikabzala pambuyo pake, ndizotheka kubzala mbande panthaka mwezi wa June, pomwe chisanu chitha ku Siberia. Pogona sikungafunike, koma zokolola zimakhala zochepa: zipatso zoyambirira zokha zimacha chisanachitike nyengo yozizira.
Kuthira mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikuyenera, kufesa kumachitika sabata ndi theka m'mbuyomu, pambuyo pa February 20. Inde, mbande zingabzalidwe mu kutentha kwanyengo ngakhale mu Epulo, koma ndizovuta kukonza mu dzinja ngakhale mu nyumba yanyumba: kulibe dzuwa lokwanira, mbewu zimatambalala, ndipo zimatha kuzizira kwambiri pawindo.
Kanema: Mbande zokulira biringanya
Kubzala kukonzekera
Biringanya ndibwino kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo m'miphika yayitali. Koma pa izi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zambiri nthawi yomweyo (pofesa zidutswa zitatu mumphika kuti mapoto asathere chifukwa cha kumera bwino). Ndipo adzatenga malo kwa miyezi itatu m'nyumba. Chifukwa chake, koyamba nthawi zambiri zimafesedwa m'bokosi yaying'ono, kenako ndikunyumphira pansi. Komabe, chikhalidwechi sichimayankha bwino kutola, anthu ambiri okhala m'chilimwe amafesa mbewu mumikapu yaying'ono, kenako ndikuwasamutsa mumiphika yayikulu popanda kusokoneza mizu.
Kukonzekera dothi ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ngati pali peat ndi mchenga, osakaniza amatha kudzipangira pawokha posakaniza dothi labwino ndi peat pakati ndikuwonjezera peresenti ya mchenga. Pafupifupi 50 g yamafuta athunthu am'mimbamo ndi phulusa la matabwa ochepa liyenera kuwonjezeka nthawi yomweyo ku ndowa ya osakaniza omwe amapezeka. Dothi loterolo liyenera kuthiridwa mankhwala ophera ndi kuthira ndi pinki yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.
Pakulima tchire tambiri, ndikosavuta kugula dothi lopangidwa kale, kusankhira pomwe akunena za biringanya.
Mbewu zisanafesere timatulutsanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pokonza njira yothetsera potaziyamu mu mtundu wakuda. Njira yovalira mbewu imatenga mphindi 20-30, pambuyo pake kupsinjika ndi madzi oyera ndikofunikira. Ngati biringanya likuyenera kukhala kuti likhala lotseguka, kuumitsa mbewu mufiriji ndikofunikira (muntini yonyowa kwa masiku 3-4).
Patsiku lodzala kufesa, ndibwino kuchiritsa mbewu yotsekera ndi chothandizira kukulitsa, izi zimathandizira kumera ndikulimbitsa mbewu zam'tsogolo. Njira yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito Epin-Owonjezera kapena Zircon, mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo. Mutha kumwa msuzi wa agave, ndikuwuthira madzi kasanu ndi madzi ndikusunga nthito munthawi yayitali. Omwe alimi ena amabzala mbewu asanabzale, koma izi sizofunikira: kwa masiku angapo akukonzekera atupa kale.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande
Makapu ang'onoang'ono amadzazidwa ndi dothi lokonzedwa, pomwe mbewu 2-3 zimabzalidwa (imodzi ndi imodzi, ngati pali mbewu zochepa, koma ndizotheka kuti makapu opanda kanthu atsalira). Kufesa kuya ndi pafupifupi 1.5 cm. Pamwamba panagona chisanu masentimita angapo. Wokonzedwa, umagwirira pansi dothi ndikugwirizana dothi momwe angafunikire. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi oundana amayambitsa njira zokulira.
Magalasi amayenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu yowonekera ndikuyika kutentha, kutentha kwambiri mpaka 2525 ° C. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, kuunika kowala sikunali kofunikira, koma atapangidwa "malupu" oyamba pamwamba, makapu amafunika kusamutsidwira kumalo owala, apo ayi mbande zimatambasuka mwachangu. Ngati dothi lawuma pokonzekera mbande, liyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi mosamala.
Kusamalira Mbewu
Mphukira zoyambirira zidzawonekera m'masiku asanu ndi awiri, koma zikuwoneka zochepa. Pamene "malupu" akuwonekera, magalasiwo ayenera kusamutsidwa ndi sill yozizira bwino yowoneka bwino, kutentha kwa 16-18 ° С. Regimenyi imafunikira kwa masiku asanu, ndiye kuti kutentha kumakwezedwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka 23-25 ° C (madigiri angapo osachepera usiku) ndikusungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa kulima. Zikadziwika kuti ndi mbande iti yomwe imatsalira inayo, imachotsedwa mosamala, ndikusiya yolimba kwambiri mugalasi.
Mbande zimamwetsedwa ndi madzi okhazikika ndi kutentha pafupifupi 30 zaC, amachita izi kawiri pa sabata, koma mosapumira: kuchokera pakuthilira madzi dothi pamakhala chiwopsezo kuti mbande zizidwala ndi mwendo wakuda. Pakatha masabata awiri kumera kupereka kuvala kwapamwamba: supuni 1 ya urea mu ndowa. Nthawi ndi nthawi magalasi amatembenukira ku gwero lowala kuti mbande zisamire.
Mbande zimakula mosasiyananso, ndipo zimasinthidwa m'miphika yayikulu ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala. Amachita izi mosamala kwambiri, kuyesera kuti athetse chomera ndi dothi lonse lomwe likupezeka mugalasi. Voliyumu yoyenera kwambiri yokhala ndi madzi okwanira malita, nthaka ndiyofanana ndi magalasi. Dzazani zokwanira kuti muchotse ma voids onse, ndikuthira ndi madzi ofunda. Chisamaliro chowonjezereka ndi chofanana ndi kusanachitike kwapita.
Zomera zokhazikika biringanya - osati chomera yaying'ono konse
Pakadutsa masiku 15 mpaka 20 kuti mbewuyo izaliridwe mmundamo, amaiyambitsa njondayo, ndikuitengera kukhonde, poyamba kwa kanthawi kochepa, kenako kwa maola angapo. Nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwa kunja sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kwambiri: 12-14 zaC wa mbande - sikokwanira. M'mawa wa tsiku losinthika, mbande zimamwe madzi. Wokonzeka kubzala mbande azikhala ndi kutalika kwa 20-25 masentimita ndi masamba akulu akulu 5-8. Chifukwa chake amakhala wamsinkhu wa miyezi 2,5. Ngati masamba atuluka kale - zabwino.
Kuthira mbande m'nthaka
Biringanya imabzalidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha ku Siberia kumapeto kwa Epulo, koma nthawi zambiri imachitika mkati mwa Meyi. Ndikusowa kwa kutentha, chophimba chowonjezera chomwe sichimakuta chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kubzala mbuto zopanda pobisalira, kubzala mbande ku Siberia kutha kudulilidwa pakati pa mwezi wa June, nthaka ikatentha bwino. Ndizotheka masabata angapo m'mbuyomu, koma pankhaniyi, woyamba akhazikitse ma arcs, awaphimbe ndi filimu, kenako sinthani kanemayo ndi spunbond iwiri, pofika pakati pa Juni chotsani pogona pokhapokha masana.
Tikufika
Ndikofunikira kuti panthawi yakuchotsedwa, kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa 20 zaS. Ndipo popeza izi sizingayembekezedwe ku Siberia, mabedi amakonzedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyesa kuwonetsetsa kuti pofika nthawi yodzala dothi limawotha mpaka osachepera 15 zaC. Odziwa odziwa zamaluwa amakonzekera mabedi ofunda a biringanya. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani malo owala bwino, otsekedwa ndi mphepo zakumpoto.
Kutacha chilimwe cham'mbuyomu, amakumba bowo lakuya masentimita 20-25 kukula kwa mabedi amtsogolo. Zinyalala zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizidwamo: utuchi, masamba, nthambi zazing'ono, udzu, zinyalala, etc. Ngati pali peat, izi zonse zimakonkhedwa ndi zina. Nthawi ndi nthawi thirirani m'munda wam'tsogolo ndi manyowa kapena manyowa. Gonani nthaka yabwino yachonde.
M'mphepete mwa mabedi apamwamba otchingidwa ndi mipanda yolimba, masileti, etc. M'mapeto, mabedi amawaza ndi phulusa lamlungu ndipo sabata imodzi mbande isanabzalidwe, amakhetsedwa bwino ndi madzi ofunda ndi kuwonjezera kwa mullein. Pambuyo pake, kuphimba ndi filimu yotentha. Patsiku lodzala mbande, dothi limasulidwa, kenako mabowo amapangira kukula kwake kwa miphika ndi mbande. Chiwembu chodzala chimadalira zosiyanasiyana, koma pakati pa tchire sichiyenera kupitirira 35 cm, komanso pakati pa mizere - kuyambira 50 mpaka 70 cm. Amayesa kubzala mazira madzulo, pomwe dzuwa silikuphika.
Mukabzala mbande, malo osakhalitsa amafunika
Mukabzala, mbande sizimayikidwa, malo otsetsereka safunikanso. Miphika ya peat yabzalidwa kwathunthu, ndikuwazika mbande zina ndi zonse zomwe zili mumphika. Ndikofunika kuperekanso zikhomo ngati mitunduyo ikufuna garter. Zomera m'mundamo zimathiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda, ndipo dothi lozungulira tchire limaboweka pang'ono. Onetsetsani kuti mwaphimba kubzala ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu.
Kanema: kama kama wa biringanya wa ku Siberia
Kubzala Wobiriwira
Biringanya ku Siberia akhoza kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha m'masiku otsiriza a Meyi, ndi wowonjezera kutentha milungu iwiri m'mbuyomu. M'malo obiriwira, makamaka polycarbonate, nyengo zotentha zimapangidwa koyambirira kwa mabiringanya. Mukabzala mbande, munthu ayenera kuganizira kutentha kwa mlengalenga komanso m'nthaka, sayenera kuzizira 14 zaC.
Pamaso pasadakhale, muyenera kukonzekera bwino mabedi omwe ali mu wowonjezera kutentha. Mukugwa, zinyalala zonse za mbewu ziyenera kuwonongeka ndi nthaka kukonzedwa. Ngati matenda azomera adadziwika, ndibwino kusintha kwathunthu dothi. M'dzinja, ndikofunikira kupanga bedi, kukumba dothi ndi feteleza. Sabata imodzi musanabzale mbande, bedi lamundayo limathiriridwa ndi njira ya buluu yonyezimira ya mkuwa wamkuwa ndipo wokutidwa ndi filimu.
Pakupita masiku angapo, filimuyo imachotsedwa ndipo dothi limaloledwa kufikira boma komwe lingathe kugwira nawo ntchito. Amasulidwa kwambiri, mulingo ndi angatenge ndi mbande zomera. Makatani ofikira ali ofanana ndi pabwalo lotseguka. Mwa mitundu yayitali, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito cheke choyenerera. Tekinolo yobzala ndizofanana ndi kunja kwanyengo.
Vidiyo: Kubzala mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha
Kubzala mbewu m'munda
Kummwera, mukakulitsa ma biringanya, mutha kuchita popanda mbande. Koma ku Siberia, izi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha podziika pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ndikusankha mitundu yoyambirira ndi mitundu yophatikizira yoyambirira. Pankhaniyi, kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zosungiramo mitengoyo kulibe ngakhale pabwino potseguka.
Pofuna kukhala ndi nthawi yokolola buluu woyamba, ayenera kubzalidwa m'mundawo koyambirira kwa Meyi. Pakadali pano, ku Siberia, amangopita kumtunda koyamba, ndiye kuti dimba liyenera kukonzedwa mu kugwa, kenako malo omangapo mafilimu apangidwe nawo. Pofika nthawi yofesa, dothi lakuya masentimita 10 liyenera kutentha mpaka 15 ° C. Mutha kuthira bedi ndi madzi otentha, kenako ndikuphimba ndi filimu.
Mbeu zimafesedwa kwambiri: kumera kwake mu Spartan nyengo kumatha kukhala kosakwanira. M'mizere yomwe idapangidwa pambuyo pa 50-60 masentimita, mbewu zimafesedwa masentimita amodzi ndi asanu ndi amodzi. Zikamera, mbande zimadulidwa kangapo, ndikuchotsa zofooka zochepa. Kanemayo amachotsedwa pokhapokha chilimwe chomwe chilipo.
Kusamalira
Nthawi yoyamba mazira m'mundamo kukula pang'onopang'ono, kukula kumayambiranso masabata awiri, mbande ikamera. Choyamba muyenera chisamaliro chochepa: mumangofunika kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa pang'ono komanso yosasunthika. M'nyengo yonse ya chilimwe, chisamaliro chimaphatikizapo kuthirira, kuphatikiza, kumasula ndikupanga tchire.
Biringanya panja
Dothi lomwe lili pabedi la biringanya liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono. Biringanya pamafunika madzi ambiri, koma kuthirira kwamadzi ambiri sikuyenera kuchitidwa. Ndikofunika kuthirira kokha ndi madzi otenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa, pansi pa muzu. Ku Siberia, akuyesera kubzala mbande ndi masamba, ndipo mpaka abzala, amathiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata: m'mawa kapena madzulo, amakhala pafupifupi 1 mita pafupifupi ndowa2. Maluwa akangotulutsa maluwa, ndikofunikira kuthilira madzi nthawi zambiri. Kutentha kwamadzi - osati kutsika ndi 25 zaC.
Pambuyo kuthirira kapena mvula iliyonse, kumasula kumachitika. Zomera za kubzala ku Siberia sizigwiritsidwa ntchito. Zachidziwikire, udzu umayenera kumalamuliridwa nthawi zonse. Kufikira kukhazikitsa zipatso, kuvala pamwamba sikofunikira, pokhapokha, tchire limakula bwino. Koma kenako biringanya nthawi zambiri amadyetsedwa kawiri pamwezi. Nthawi yomweyo, ma infusions a mullein kapena zitosi za mbalame amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndipo nayitrogeni sayenera kuperekedwa munthawi ya kukula kwa zipatso zambiri, chifukwa chake, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate zokha ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mutha kusintha osakaniza ndi nkhuni phulusa kulowetsedwa.
Mitundu yambiri ndi zanyengo zambiri zimafunika kuti pakapangidwe tchire, koma pobisika ku Siberia, ma biringanya nthawi zambiri amaloledwa kukula mwachilengedwe. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti mutulitse mitengo yosafunikira, pomwe iwo amangowonekera. Ntchito yoyambira yotereyi imalola mazira kuti asunge mphamvu ndikuwatsogolera pakukula kwa zipatso. Masamba achikasu achikasu amachotsedwanso. Ndikofunikira kupatula gawo la thumba losunga mazira: mumagulu achilimwe pang'ono ndizovuta kupeza zipatso zoposa 7-8 pamtchire.
Zomwe zimawoneka kuchokera axel masamba zimayenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga.
Ku Siberia, muyenera kuyang'anira nthawi zonse momwe nyengo iliri. Ikatentha kunja, mabedi amakhala otseguka, ndipo ngati kutentha kumatsika pansi pa 15 ° C, tchire limakutidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu. Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti, bedi limaphimbidwanso ndi filimu. Omwe amalima masamba kwambiri amayang'aniranso kutalika kwa nthawi masana: mabiringanya amapanga zipatso zabwino tsiku lalifupi. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuli kotheka, m'mawa ndi madzulo amakuphimba masokedwe kuchokera ku kuwala kopitilira muyeso.
Biringanya mu wowonjezera kutentha
Biringanya ku Siberia amafunikiranso chisamaliro kubiriwira: pamalo opumira, otentha kwambiri, simungathe kupeza zipatso zoposa ziwiri pachitsamba, ngakhale m'nyumba. Chikhalidwe ichi chimafuna kuwala komanso kutentha. Kuwala ndi dzuwa kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu, ndipo kutentha mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 25-30 zaC, pafupifupi posowa kusinthasintha kwa chakudya. Masana, mu wowonjezera kutentha kutentha, mutha kusunga kutentha pakungotsegula zenera ndi zitseko, koma ziyenera kutseka usiku. Zotengera zamadzi zomwe zimayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha zimathandiza.
Sizimagwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuthirira kumafunika nthawi zambiri kuposa pamsewu. Ngati mukukula m'nthaka yosatetezedwa ndizotheka kuti musabwere pamalopo mkati mwa sabata, muyenera kuyendera wowonjezera kutentha tsiku ndi tsiku: osatulutsa mpweya nyengo yotentha, kutentha kumatha kuchoka pamlingo, ndipo ngati kutentha ma biringanya sikunakhazikike.
Malangizo odyetserako samasiyana ndi izi pamene akukula poyera, ndikupanga tchire ndikofunikira. Inde, m'malo obiriwira amayesa kubzala mitundu yayitali, choncho, tchire liyenera kumangirizidwa ndi trellises kapena mitengo.
M'malo obisalamo tchire amasiyapo mphukira zochepa
Tchire zikakula mpaka 30 cm, tsinani pamwamba pa tsinde lalikulu, pambuyo pake mphukira zam'mbali zimayamba kukula. Pamapeto pake, amasiya zosapitilira zisanu. Ngati zipatso zochulukazo zakhazikitsidwa pa mphukira, ndipo mphukira ikupitilira kukula, zimatsina pamwamba. Ntchito zonse za mapangidwe zimayimitsidwa mwezi watatsala kukolola komaliza: tsopano mphamvu za chomerazo ziyenera kupita ku kucha zipatso.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Matenda ofala kwambiri ndi biringanya mu wowonjezera kutentha, pomwe chinyezi chachikulu chimachitika. Potseguka, tizirombo timakwiyitsa.
Matenda akulu
- Mwendo wakuda ndi matenda a mbande; Kuchokera ku fungus iyi, khosi la biringanya limayamba kuda. Chithandizo sichingatheke. Zodwala zodwala zimachotsedwa, nthaka m'malo mwake imachiritsidwa ndi bulach, m'malo ena owazidwa ndi phulusa.
Mwendo wakuda umawononga mbande nthawi yomweyo
- Mose ndi matenda oyamba ndi masamba, masamba amatenga mawonekedwe okongola, ndipo zipatsozo zimakutidwa ndi mawanga achikasu. Ndikovuta kuchiza matenda otere; mbewu zimayenera kuchotsedwa.
Maonekedwe a Mose amangowoneka wopanda vuto, amatha kuwononga mbewu
- Gray zowola ndi matenda fungal, kuwonetseredwa koyamba ndi mawanga amdima, kenako kuphimba imvi. Zomera zodwala zimadulidwa, zina zimatha kufalitsa ndi phala lomwe lili ndi Trichodermin.
Gray zowola zimatha kusiya popanda mbewu
- Mavuto apakatikati ndi matenda owopsa a mbewu zamtambo uliwonse. Masamba okutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni, amawuma ndikusowa. Zipatsozo zimawola ndi kuvundikira. Nthawi zina kukonzekera kwa Zircon kapena Fitosporin kumathandiza.
Choyambirira chamdima chimayamba kuzizira
- Powdery mildew ndi imodzi mwa bowa wodziwika kwambiri. Choyamba, kuphimba koyera kumawonekera pamunsi masamba, kenako pamtunda, kumapita zipatso. Chithandizo chake ndi Fitosporin kapena Trichodermin.
Powdery mildew ndizovuta kuzindikira: ngati ufa umawaza mbewu yonse ndi ufa
Tizirombo chowopsa kwambiri
- Tizilombo ta mbatata ku Colorado - nsomba yotchedwa minke whale - imavulaza mbatata zosaposa mbatata, akumasulira masamba oyera. Beet ikuyenera kusungidwa pamanja ndikuwonongeka.
Tumbule mbatata ya Colorado: wokongola kwambiri, koma osavulaza
- Aphid ndi kachilombo kakang'ono, kamawoneka ngati timinyewa ting'onoting'ono tofiirira pansi pam masamba, timayamwa kuyamwa kwa mbewu. Ndikotheka kuyika Fitoverm kapena Iskra-bio kukonzekera kupopera.
Ma nsabwe za m'mimba amatha kuyamwa madzi onse kufikira imfa ya zomera
- Slugs - idyani masamba ndi zipatso zonse. Aliyense amadziwa zolengedwa zoyipazi, ndizotheka kumenyana nazo, koma ndizovuta. Itha kukhala nyambo zonse ziwiri (zimakonda kumwa mowa), ndi kukonzekera kwapadera komwe kumamwazika pansi, mwachitsanzo, Sludge Eater.
Slugs ndi zolengedwa zosasangalatsa zomwe zimatha kuwononga ma landings onse
- Whitefly ndi gulugufe yemwe amatafuna mabowo mumasamba. Potseguka, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Confidor kumathandiza.
Whitefly: gulugufe ndi wocheperako, koma pali zovuta zambiri kuchokera pamenepo
Kututa ndi kusunga
Zipatso za biringanya ku Siberia zimacha kale kwambiri kuposa Ogasiti. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, munthawi yachisanu pachitsamba chilichonse, mutha kusonkhanitsa zipatso mpaka 5-7. Biringanya amatuta mu gawo laukadaulo waukadaulo: zipatso zimayenera kukula mpaka kukula, kukhala ndi mtundu wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kunyamula zamkati zaphikidwe. Mbewu panthawiyi ndi zoyera, zofewa, zosapsa. Yokolola sabata iliyonse, kudula secateurs zipatso pamodzi ndi peduncle. Ma biringanya ochulukirapo ndi osayenera chakudya.
Biringanya amasungidwa kwa milungu yopitilira atatu. Iyenera kusungidwa ndi phesi, kutentha kwabwino kwambiri pakasungidwa 1-2 zaC, chinyezi chachibale 85-90%. Popeza ndizovuta kuwasunga, amayesa kusinthanso zipatso m'masiku oyambilira mutakolola.
Ku Siberia, dzinja limakhala lotentha, koma lalifupi, lomwe silili lokwanira kulima biringanya. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito zidule zosiyanasiyana, wamaluwa amapeza zokolola zabwino zamasamba awa. Amachita izi m'malo obiriwira komanso kunja kwake, koma amabzala makamaka zipatso zosapsa ndi ma hybrids ndikuwasamalira mosamala kwambiri.
