Kukula Mbande za Kabichi Panyumba: Upangiri Wotsatira

Kabichi ndi imodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino zamasamba zomwe zimalimidwa ndi aliyense wosamalira mundawo pachikhalidwe chake. Muli mchere wambiri, mapuloteni komanso zakudya zamafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, kabichi imatha kudyedwa mwanjira iliyonse: tchizi, mphodza, sauerkraut. Itha kumera mu mbande ndi mbande. M'madera ambiri m'dziko lathu, kabichi amabzalidwa ndi mbande. Chachikulu ndichakuti mukonzekere bwino kubzala komanso mtsogolomo kuti mupatse mphukira chisamaliro chofunikira.

Kukonzekera kwanyengo

Kuti ulimi wa kabichi ukhale ndi mbande, ndikofunikira kukonzekera akasinja, nthaka ndi mbewu.

Kukonzekera dothi ndi zotengera

Kusankhidwa ndi kukonza dothi kuyenera kufikiridwa mwachidwi. Dziko loyamba lomwe likulowa silabwino. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mungaganizire dothi lochokera kumundako, mutha kukhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri ndi mphutsi za tizilombo. Osakaniza pakukula mbande ndibwino kugula wokonzeka kapena wopanga nokha. Mutha kusankha imodzi mwaphikidwe:

• turf kumtunda, peat ndi humus mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 1;
• peat, malo oyambira komanso mchenga wowuma - 1: 3: 1/4;
• phulusa lamatabwa, laimu, mchenga wowuma - 1: 1/4: 1/4.

Kukula mbande za kabichi, zosakaniza zamtunda zimagulidwa kapena kukonzekera palokha

Makhalidwe akulu omwe dothi la mbande liyenera kukumana ndi chonde, madzi ndi mpweya wabwino.

Ndikwabwino kukonza nthaka kuchokera kugwere ndikuisunga m'malo abwino mpaka kumapeto.

Pofesa ndi kubzala mbande zamabichi kunyumba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito:

• makapu
• miphika
• mabokosi
• makaseti.

Kukula kwake kumasankhidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe zimakula. Ngati mavoliyumuwo ndi akulu, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mabokosi am'ming'oma ndi makaseti ndikusankha mbande zamtsogolo. Ngakhale kufesa kuchitika, payenera kukhala malo otseguka pansi pa thankiyo kuti madzi asasunthike.

Mbande za kabichi zitha kumera mu mbande komanso m'mbale zodyera zingapo

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukonza beseni ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Pachifukwa ichi, 5 g ya potaziyamu permanganate imadziphatikizidwa mumtsuko wamadzi otentha (pafupifupi kuwira). Yankho lokonzeka ndi zotengera zam'madzi ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala.

Kukonzekera kwa mbewu

Musanafese mbewu, muyenera kukonzekera:

• sankhani zinthu zabwino
• kuti amuchotse matenda
• kuwonjezera kumera.

Kuletsa

Mbeu za kabichi zimasungunuka mu 3% mchere wa mphindi 5. M'madzi amchere, mbewu zopepuka zimatuluka, ndipo mbewu zolemera zimira pansi: ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala. Kenako mbewu zimatsukidwa m'madzi oyera ndikuwuma. Pofesa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito osati zazikulu zokha, komanso mitengo yobzala yapakati.

Musanabzale, nthangala za kabichi ziyenera kupangika kuti zisankhe mbeu yabwino kwambiri.

Mayeso akumera

Kuti mudziwe kumera kwa mbeu, idakulungidwa mu nsalu yonyowa, ndipo ndibwino kutenga zidutswa zana kuti muwerengere bwino. Kumera kumachitika m'malo omwe kutentha kumasungidwa + 20-25 ˚С, pamene kuli kofunikira kuwunika momwe minyewa imathandizira ndikuletsa kuti isayime. Tsiku lililonse, njere zimayesedwa, zimaphukitsidwa zimawerengedwa ndikuchotsedwa. Kuchokera pa mbewu zomwe zidaphukira m'masiku atatu oyamba, mutha kudziwa momwe mbande zidzakhalire, ndipo chifukwa zimaswa mkati mwa masiku 7, kumera kwa mbeu.

Chizindikiro

Kuthira mankhwala kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a mafangasi ndi bakiteriya, nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha 1-2% yankho la potaziyamu, kenako kutsuka m'madzi oyera. Mutha kukwaniritsa zambiri pakuchotsa kutentha poyika njere m'matumba a madzi ndi kutentha kwa + 48-50 ° C kwa mphindi 20. Kutentha kwakusonyezedwa sikuyenera kupitirira, chifukwa mbewu zimataya kumera, ndipo ndi chithandizo chochepa sizingachitike.

Kuthira mankhwala a kabichi, amathandizidwa mu njira ya 1-2% ya potaziyamu permanganate

Momwe mungathamangitsire kumera

Kuti mbewu zimere mwachangu, zimanyowa m'madzi kutentha kwa chipinda ndikuyika malo otentha pomwe zimayenera kukhala pafupifupi maola 12, pomwe tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe madziwo maola 4 aliwonse. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala kwakuti kumangophimba njere. Mukayamba kuwuluka, mbewu zimatupa. Ngati nthawi yobzala sininafikebe, ndiye kuti adakulungidwa mu nsalu yonyowa ndikuyikhazikitsa pansi.

Kutsetsereka kumathandizidwanso m'njira zapadera (mwachitsanzo, kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa lamatabwa). Kukonzekera kwake:

1. Mu lita imodzi yamadzi ofunda, supuni ziwiri za phulusa zimatsanuliridwa.
2. Kuumirira tsiku, ndikusefa.
3. Panjira iyi, akuwukha kumachitika kwa maola atatu.
4. Mbewuzo zikatsukidwa ndi madzi oyera.

Mutha kufulumizitsa kumera kwa kabichi mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa, komwe kumawilitsidwa kwa maola atatu

Kuzikongoletsa

Asanafesere kabichi, mbewu zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziumitsidwe kuti ziwonjezere kutentha. Pambuyo pamakonzedwe onse okonzekera, mbewu za mbewu zimayikidwa pansi pake firiji (+ 1-2 ° C) kwa tsiku limodzi. Pambuyo pa nthawi iyi, mbewu ziuma ndikuyamba kufesa.

Kubzala mbewu za mbande

Nthawi yofesa kabichi kwa mbande zimatengera zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, dera komanso nthawi yomwe akuyenera kupeza zokolola.

Nthawi

Mukakulitsa kabichi yamitundu yoyambirira kumadera ena, mbande zimabzalidwa malo kumapeto kwa Epulo, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunikira kufesa mbewu m'ma Disembala kapena koyambirira kwa Marichi. Zosiyanasiyana pakukhwima pakatikati pa mbande ziyenera kufesedwa koyambirira kwa Epulo, kucha mochedwa kumapeto kwa mwezi. Zomera zamtunduwu zimabzalidwa m'nthaka yosatetezeka kuyambira m'ma Meyi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa June. Ponena za masiku olondola kwambiri, zimatengera nyengo yamadera ena. Sikovuta kuwerengera nthawi yofesa mbewu za kabichi kwa mbande: pafupifupi masiku 10 akudutsa pakufesa mpaka mbande, ndi masiku 50-55 kuyambira mphukira yoyamba kubzala mbewu m'nthaka. Izi zikusonyeza kufunika kobzala mbewu kwa mbande masiku 60-65 musanatsanulidwe panthaka.

Momwe amafesa

Kubzala chikhalidwe chofunsidwa ndikosavuta ndipo kumawonjezera zotsatirazi:

1. Ma tank akunyamula ali ndi dothi ndipo amapanga timiyala tating'ono tomwe timakhala ndi kuya kwa 1 cm ndi mtunda wa 3 cm kuchokera wina ndi mnzake.
   

   Ma tank akunyamula amadzazidwa ndi zosakaniza dothi, pambuyo pake zimapangidwa zodzikongoletsera, kutengera mtundu wa chidebe

2. Fesani mbewuyo mosadukiza masentimita atatu ndikuwaza ndi mchenga kapena peat kuteteza kupangika kwa dothi.
   

   Fesani mbewu za kabichi ndikudalirana kwa 3 masentimita, kenako nkuwaza ndi peat, mchenga kapena dothi losakaniza
3. Nthaka imakhetsedwa bwino ndi madzi, pambuyo pake chidebecho chimakutidwa ndi filimu yowonekera ndikuyika malo otentha (+20 ˚С).
   

   Mutabzala mbewuzo, makapuwo amaphimbidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika malo otentha (+20 ˚С)

Kanema: Kubzala kabichi kwa mbande

Kusamalira mbande za kabichi kunyumba

Kuti akule bwino mbande zolimba, ayenera kupereka chisamaliro choyenera. Kupanda kutero, sikuti kukula kokha ndikotheka, komanso kupezeka kwa matenda, ndipo choipitsitsa, kumwalira kwa mbande.

Kutentha

Mbande za kabichi ziyenera kuwonekera pa tsiku la 9-10 mutabzala. Nthawi imeneyi, matenthedwe ayenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala 1010 ˚˚. Pamitengo yayitali, mbande zazing'ono zimakwezedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mwayi wakukula kwa matenda ndi kufa kwa mbande.

Ngati mbande yakula m'nyumba, ndiye kuti malo abwino kwambiri ndi loggia (khonde).

Pambuyo pa masabata a 1-2, kutentha kumakweza mpaka + 16-17 ° C, usiku kumakhalidwa pa + 7-10 ° C, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino uzikhala.

Mukakulitsa mbande za kabichi, ndikofunikira kuwona kutentha kwa boma kutengera ndi gawo la chitukuko

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Muyeso wokakamira mbande ya kabichi ndi kuvala pamwamba. Zomera zimafunikira zakudya zina zowonjezera, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukula kwawo mwachangu ndi chitukuko. Feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo:

1. Masabata awiri atatuluka - ammonium nitrate (2 g), superphosphate (4 g), feteleza wa potaziyamu (2 g), omwe amatsanulidwa mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati michere. Zotsatira zake ndi kuthiriridwa mbande kumizu ndi poyambira kunyowetsa nthaka ndi madzi.
2. Pakatha masabata awiri kuchokera kudya koyamba - gwiritsani ntchito feteleza yemweyo mulimonse, koma molingana ndi 0,5 madzi.
3. Masabata awiri asanafike pamalowo - gwiritsani ntchito nitrate (3 g), superphosphate (5 g) ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu (8 g) pa madzi okwanira 1 litre.

Kuwala

Pa kukula kwabwinobwino, kabichi imayenera kupereka maola owerengera maola 12-15. Luminescent, phyto kapena nyali za LED zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lazowunikira zowonjezera. Amayikidwa mbande pamwamba pa 20-25 cm.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za incandescent ngati chinthu cha backlight, popeza sizimangotulutsa kuwala, komanso kutentha mpweya.

Mbande za kabichi zimafunikira masana maola 12-15, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa kowonjezera

Sankhani

Mbeu zokhazo zomwe zidabzalidwa m'mabokosi ogulitsa ndiomwe zimatengedwa. Ngati mbande zakulidwa mumipanda ingapo, ndiye kuti imakhala ndi malo okwanira. Kusoka kumayambira pakatha masiku 10 chikamera. Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti iyi ndi njira yopweteka kwambiri kwa mbewu, chifukwa mizu yake imawonongeka pang'ono. Ganizirani momwe mungazule mbandezo mumtsuko wina (makapu, mapoto):

1. Pele madzi madzi mbande, kunyowetsa nthaka bwino.
   

   Asanatole, mbande za kabichi zimakhetsedwa bwino ndi madzi

2. Sulani mosamala mbewuzo, ndikuzigwira ndi masamba a cotyledon.
   

   Kuti muchepetse mbande za kabichi, gwiritsani ntchito spatula momwe mumalekanitsira chophuka ndi dothi lapansi
3. Timasanthula mizu ndikufupikitsa 1/3 Kutalika kwambiri ndi lumo.
4. Timadzaza thanki yomata ndi dothi lapansi (momwe amafananira ndi kufesa), momwe timapangira zinthu zofananira ndi kutalika kwa muzu.
   

   Kukula kwa mbande za kabichi kumadzazidwa ndi dothi losakaniza, ndikusiya dzenje la mbande pakati

5. Timakulitsa mbande mpaka masamba a cotyledon, kuwaza ndi dothi komanso mopepuka.
   

   Mukalowetsa mbande za kabichi, mphukira iyenera kuzamitsidwa mpaka masamba a cotyledon

6. Timamwetsa madzi ambiri ndikuchotsa mbewuzo pamalo amdima kwa masiku awiri.

Popeza tizilombo tating'onoting'ono titha kulowa muzu mu nthambizo, mutachotsa mmera m'bokosi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwiritse mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate (1 lita imodzi ya madzi).

Kanema: kabichi wosankhidwa pamfundo ya broccoli

Mmera kuumitsa

Masabata awiri asanabzalidwe kabichi kabichi pamtunda uyenera kukhazikika. Izi zimachitika kuti athe kuzolowera chilengedwe chonse. Mbande zimatengedwa kupita ku veranda, khonde kapena m'munda, choyamba kwa ola limodzi, kenako ndikuwonjezera nthawi yake. Pofika nthawi yobzala, mbewu zizikhala panja nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, sabata asanazule, amayamba kuchepetsa kutsirira, kuletsa mbande kufota.

Kuti mbande za kabichi zizigwirizana ndi zinthu zakunja, ziyenera kukhazikika

Tikufika

Malo omwe amayatsidwa bwino amawasankhira kabichi, ndipo amakonzekera pasadakhale:

• chotsani namsongole ndi zinyalala zina za mbewu;
• 8-8 makilogalamu a kompositi kapena manyowa owola ndi 100 g pamtengo phulusa pa 1 m 1 amapangidwira kukumba.

Mtundu wobzala zimatengera mitundu ndi mitundu:

• mitundu yoyambirira - 35 × 45 cm;
• nyengo yapakatikati - 60 × 60 cm;
• mochedwa - 70 × 70 cm.

Zoyenera kubzala mbande panthaka ndi nyengo yamvula. Ma tank akunyamula amayenera kuthiriridwa kaye. Njirayi imakhala ndi izi:

1. Mabowo osaya amapangidwa pansi pa mbande ndikuthiridwa ndi madzi (osachepera 1 lita).
   

   Zitsime za mbande za kabichi zimapangitsa kukula kwa mizu ya mbewu, poganizira zouma

2. Chotsani mbewu mosamala m'mbale zikho limodzi ndi mtanda wa dothi ndikuziyika m'mabowo okonzeka.
   

   Chotsani mbande za kabichi mosamala ndi zikho ndikuzisungitsa m'matumba

3. Mbande imazika mpaka mulingo wa masamba enieni enieni, owazidwa ndi nthaka ndikuthirira.
   

   Mbande za kabichi zimamiziridwa mpaka kukula kwa masamba enieni enieni, owazidwa ndi lapansi ndikuthirira

Pakupita masiku ochepa mutabzala, ndikofunikira kuti mthunzi ubwezere dzuwa ndi kupopera ndi madzi madzulo.

Njira zokulitsira mbande za kabichi

Zomera zambiri zam'munda zimalimidwa mbande. Njira yodziwika kwambiri yamaluwa ndi mbande kapena zida zopatula. Komabe, m'malo omwe nyumbayo ili yovuta kupereka zofunika kwa mbewu, makamaka ndi mbande zambiri. Chifukwa chake, posachedwa, njira zatsopano zokulitsira mbande zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, kuchepetsa malo okhala popanda kuwonongeka kwa mbewu. Ganizirani njira izi mwatsatanetsatane.

M'mapiritsi a peat

Kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa mizu ya kabichi mkati mwa madzi, mbande zitha kubzalidwa m'mapiritsi a peat, omwe ali ndi zinthu zonse zofunika m'thupi. Mpaka mbewu zibzalidwe pamalopo, sizifunikira zakudya zina zowonjezera. Kusintha kwa zochita mukamakula mbande m'mapiritsi ndi motere:

1. Sankhani mapiritsi okhala ndi mainchesi osachepera 4 cm, ayikeni mu chidebe cha kukula koyenera ndikuwadzaza ndi madzi ofunda (50 ° C) kuti atupe.
   

   Kwa kabichi, mapiritsi a peat okhala ndi mainchesi osachepera 4 cm amasankhidwa ndikuthira ndimadzi ofunda mumtsuko woyenera

2. Atachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi ndi nthawi 7-8, madzi onse owonjezera amatsitsidwa, ndipo mbewu ziwiri zimayikidwa mu recess, kenako zimakutidwa ndi peat.
   

   Mu kutupa mapiritsi kufalitsa mbewu za kabichi ndi kuphimba ndi peat

3. Chidebe chokhala ndi mapiritsi chimasinthidwa kupita pamalo owala ndi kutentha kwa + 18-20 ° C ndikusungidwa m'malo oterowo mpaka zitamera.
4. Pambuyo kumera, nyongolosi yofooka imachotsedwa ndikudula pansi pamizu.
   

   Mutaphukira nthanga za kabichi, mphukira yofooka imachotsedwa ndikudula mpaka muzu

Ngati mizu idaphukira piritsi, mbewuzo zimasanjikizidwa mu chidebe chodzala ndi piritsi, ndikuzimasula ku zinthu zomwe zimasunga mawonekedwe.

Mu "nkhono"

Mwayi wosabisika wa mbande mu "nkhono" ndizoyenda pang'ono: mbande pafupifupi 15 zitha kumalidwa mu mpukutu umodzi, ndipo kukula kwake ndikufanana ndi mphika wamba. Kuphatikiza apo, kusakaniza kwa dothi kwa njirayi kudzafunika zochepa kuposa nthawi yobzala mwanjira yokhazikika. Kuwombera mu "nkhono" kumayatsidwa molingana ndipo sikusokoneza mzake kukula. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika mwanjira iyi yopezera mbande ndi gawo lapansi pansi pa laminate. Njira yofikira imakhala ndi izi:

1. Zinthu zake zimadulidwa kukhala mainchesi 20 mulifupi ndi 1 mita kutalika.
   

   Kuti apange "nkhono" kudula gawo lapansi pansi pa laminate kukhala mizere 20 cm mulifupi ndi 1 mita

2. Pa gawo lapansi, dothi lonyowa limathiridwa ndikuthambo 3 cm, 3 cm ndikuchokeranso m'mphepete ndipo mbewu zimayikidwa kumtunda kwa "nkhono" yamtsogolo yopingasa 10 cm.
   

   Pa gawo lapansi, dothi lonyowa limatsanulidwa ndipo mbewu zimayikidwa kumtunda kwa "nkhono" yamtsogolo

3. Pindani zinthuzo kukhala mpukutu, pogwiritsa ntchito zotanulira kuti muchimangirire, kenako ndi kuphimba ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndikusintha kuti litenthe (+ 20-25 ° C) kuti kumere.
   

   Pindani zinthuzo kukhala mpukutu, zilumikizeni ndi gulu la zotanuka, ndiye kuphimba ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndikusunthira kutentha

4. "Nkhono" imapuma mokwanira komanso kupukutidwa, ndipo zikamera, phukusi limachotsedwa.
5. Poika mbande mu dothi, mayikowo amatayidwa ndipo mbande zimachotsedwa limodzi ndi nthaka.

Kanema: mbande zokulira mu "nkhono" pazitsanzo za tsabola

Mu "ma diaper"

Njira yosavuta yobzala mbande ya kabichi imakhala mu "ma diaper." Poterepa, mumafunikira matumba apulasitiki 20 cm 30 kapena mafilimu, komanso osakaniza dothi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse nthaka ndikuwonjezera pang'ono utuchi kuti mupangidwe bwino. Kenako chitani zotsatirazi:

1. Dothi limayikidwa pa polyethylene ndipo chubu chimapangidwa.
2. Pambuyo kukulunga, kapu yokhala ndi dothi lonyowa yopanda pansi imapezeka.
3. Zotengera zotere zimayikidwa mu pallet ndi utuchi.
4. Makapu, mano amapukusira 1 cm ndikufalitsa mbewu ziwiri ngati umodzi sukumera.
5. Thirayi yokhala ndi makapu adakulungidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika m'malo amdima komanso otentha kuti kumere.
6. Zikamera, phukusi limachotsedwa ndipo bokosilo limayikidwa pawindo, ndikupereka mawonekedwe abwinobwino.
7. Masamba a cotyledonous atawonekera, mbande zimatengedwa kupita kumalo obiriwira kapena ku loggia, popeza mbande za kabichi sizimakonda kutentha ndi chinyezi chochepa.
   

   Kufesa mbande za kabichi mu "diapers" kumateteza malo

8. Dothi likauma, limasungunuka kuchokera ku botolo lothira.
9. Tikufika timachitidwa molingana ndi mawu a mdera lawo.

Kanema: Mbande zokulira mu "ma diaper" pa zitsanzo zamasamba

Kukula mbande zopanda nthaka

Kulima mosabzala mbande za kabichi, komwe kumatchedwanso njira ya Moscow kapena "kudziyendetsa nokha", kumathandizira kwambiri kupanga mbande ndi kututa kwawo pamalo osatha. Ndi njirayi, akasinja ndi nthaka sizofunikira. Kulephera kulumikizana pakati pa mbande ndi nthaka kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa mbewu kumachotsa kupezeka kwa matenda: mbande zotere zilibe mwendo wakuda. Monga njira zina zamakono, njira yopanda nthaka imakupatsani mwayi woti musunge malo ndikuyika zochulukitsa zodzalamo ndi zomera zomwe zimakonda kutentha.

Kuti mupeze njirayi, muyenera mapepala okhala ndi zimbudzi zitatu, thireyi yokongoletsera ndudu za fodya, gwiritsitsani kanema ndi mbewu. Njira yonseyi imatsata zotsatirazi:

1. Timadula filimuyo kukhala n'kupanga lofanana ndi m'lifupi mwa pepala la chimbudzi, pomwe kutalika kwake kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi 40-50 cm.
2. Timayika filimuyo papulasitala, ndikuyika pepalalo ndikuthira ndi madzi.
   

   Ndikwabwino kumunyowetsa pepalalo ndi babu la mphira kapena mfuti yakufinya kuti isang'ambe.

3. Timachoka m'mphepete mwa 2 cm ndikuyika njerezo ndi 4-5 masentimita kutalika kwa pepala. Kuti mukhale mosavuta, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma tweezers.
4. Mukabzala, kuphimba mbewu ndi pepala, ndikunyowetsa, ndikuyika filimu pamwamba.
5. Timapotokola "sangweji" yomwe imatsogolera, kuyesera kuti ikhale m'mphepete, kumangiriza ndi zotanuka ndikuyiyika mu poto (mbewu mmwamba), ndikuwonjezera madzi pang'ono.
   

   Mbeu zodzigudubuza ndi mbewu zimatenga malo ochepa kuposa mbande zokhazikika

6. Timayika thumba la pulasitiki pamwamba ndikupanga mabowo kuti mpweya wabwino ufike.
   

   Timayika "pepala la pulasitiki" pamwamba pa "kudziyendetsa" ndikupanga mabowo kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale

Pofesa kabichi yamitundu ingapo, ayikeni chizindikiro, mwachitsanzo, mwa kupanga cholembera "cholembera".

Zikamera zikamera, phukusi limachotsedwa. Panthawi yolima mmera, umuna uyenera kuchitidwa kawiri: munthawi ya kumera mbeu ndikatulutsa masamba oyamba awiri. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga Gumi-20, Oyenera komanso monga kugulitsa. Mukamatola, vulani mosamala "chodzikongoletsera", chotsani mbande pamodzi ndi pepalalo ndikuwadzala mumbale zodzadza ndi dothi losakaniza.

Vidiyo: Kukula mbande zopanda nthaka

Matenda ndi tizirombo ta mbande za kabichi

Kukula mbande za kabichi ndikosatheka popanda zovuta zilizonse zokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe a matenda ndi tizirombo. Kuti muthane ndi vuto linalake panthawi yake, muyenera kuizindikira ndikuyamba kuchita zoyenera.

Matenda

Matenda ofala kwambiri a mbande za kabichi akuphatikizapo mwendo wakuda, peronosporosis, fusariosis ndi ena.

Mwendo wakuda

Kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kamene kamayambitsa tsinde ndi mizu ya chomera. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi khosi lakuda la mbeuyo, kuwonda kwake kenako kupukuta. Mikhalidwe yabwino pakukula kwa matendawa ndi:

• chinyezi chachikulu
• dothi lotentha
• wandiweyani
• nthaka ya acidic
• kusowa kwa mpweya pakati pa mbewu.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa nthaka, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera kapena chizindikiritso (kuyesa kwa pH). Kabichi imafunikira mulingo wa asidi wambiri pH 6-8.

Popewa kukula kwa mwendo wakuda, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo okula mbande:

• konzani nthaka ndi mulingo wofunikira wa acidity;
• osadzaza dothi;
• pewani makulidwe okwanira;
• gwirani nthanga ndi dothi musanafesere.

Mwendo wakuda ndi matenda ofala kwambiri a mbande za kabichi, momwe mumakhala mdima mumizu ya tsinde

Ngati matendawa akukhudzabe mbewuzo, mutha kusintha njira zotsatirazi kuti muthane nazo:

• chotsani mphukira zowonongeka pabokosi lomera limodzi ndi mtanda wina wamatope;
• ndikani zodzala zathanzi kulowa m'nthaka yatsopano yanthumbu, ndikuponyera pansi pamodzi ndi nthaka;
• kuthira mbewu zathanzi ndi yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate, Bordeaux madzi kapena potaziyamu permanganate;
• ikani mchere ku dothi (supuni 1 pa chikho chimodzi cha madzi).

Powdery mildew

Zizindikiro zamatenda obzala mbande za ufa - mawonekedwe a mawanga oyera pa mbande. Powdery mildew, ngakhale kuti sinatengedwe ngati matenda oopsa, makamaka chifukwa chobzala wamkulu, imatha kuvulaza achinyamata, kotero mbewu ziyenera kuthandizidwa. Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri pazolingazi ndi Fitosporin-M.

Ndi ufa wa powdery, mawanga oyera amawoneka pazomera zomwe zingavulaze mbande zazing'ono zamabichi.

Peronosporosis

Ndi peronosporosis, masamba awonongeka ndikufa msanga. Matendawa amachitikanso ngati osagwirizana ndi zomwe zikukula pakukula mbande. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera sodium yamkuwa, sopo yamadzimadzi, kapena fungazidi wa topaz (supuni 1 ya zilizonse zomwe zalembedwa m'madzi 10).

Peronosporosis imachitika pamene osagwirizana ndi zomwe zikukula pakukula kabichi

Alternariosis

Matenda a fungus amakhudza onse akulu ndi achinyamata mbewu, amadziwoneka okha mawanga akuda masamba. Mutu wa kabichi ukapangidwa, mawanga amaphimba masamba akunja, momwe mungayang'anire zolembera, zofanana ndi mwaye - uku ndi kufinya kwa bowa. Popewa matendawa, mbewu zobzalidwa ndi Planriz musanabzale, ndipo malamulo akusintha kwa mbeu amawunika. Ngati mbande idakhudzidwa ndi alternariosis, mankhwala monga Skor, Quadris ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kabichi ya alternaria imawonetsedwa mwanjira yakuda paten pamakoma, kenako pamasamba akunja

Fusarium wilt

Fusarium wilting imakhudza osati kabichi, komanso mbewu zina zopachika. Ndikothekanso kudziwa kuti mbewu zimakhudzidwa ndi nthenda ya fungusyi ndi mawanga achikasu pamasamba ndikayanika ndikufa. Pa mbewu zakale, mutu wocheperako komanso wopunduka umapangidwa. Ngati chomera chomwe chakhudzidwacho chikapezeka m'mundamo, chimayenera kuchotsedwa ndikuchotsa, ndipo malo obzala azichitira monga Benomil, Tekto, Topsin-M.

Ndi kukondwerera kwa kabichi, chikasu cha masamba chimawonedwa, kenako ndikuuma ndikufa

Aliyense

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuonekera kwa matendawa pachomera:

• Amasiya youma ndi kufota;
• mitengo yophukira mu mawonekedwe a tubers pamizu.

Mmera womwe wakhudzidwa uyenera kuchotsedwa m'nthaka limodzi ndi muzu ndikuwotcha. Chomwe chikuwoneka kuti keel pa kabichi ndi lolemera komanso acid nthaka, i.e., kukayikiridwa kwa dothi la mbewuyi.

Kupatsirana kabichi kungathe kuweruzidwa ndi chikasu ndi kusokoka masamba m'mphepete, kuyimitsidwa pamutu

Mbande tizirombo

Tizirombo titha kuvulaza mbewu zazing'ono, motero tiyenera kuziwongolera nthawi yake moyenera.

Ma nsabwe

Ma aphid a kabichi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timawononga masamba a mbewu. Mutha kuweruza kuwonongeka kwa chomera ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mitundu yoyera kapena yofiirira pamasamba ndikupotoza kwotsatira. Mutha kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• masamba a fodya,
• sopo wa tizirombo
• Deltamethrin.

Aphid pa kabichi amakhudza masamba, omwe amatsogolera pakupotoza kwawo

Kabichi Moth

Tizilombo ta gulugufe timene timadya. Mapichesi amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbande: amadya masamba, mazira ndi timitengo. Zotsatira za kuwonongeka kotero, mapangidwe a masamba amasokonezeka, ndipo nyengo yotentha imalandira kutentha kuchokera ku dzuwa. Mukatha kudya thumba losunga mazira, mbewu yamtsogolo imachepetsedwa. Mwa mankhwala oyang'anira tizilombo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Decis, Actellik, Ripcord. M'pofunika kusonkha mbozi ndi mazira kuchokera ku mbewu, udzu wamsongole. Palinso maphikidwe a wowerengeka, komabe, mankhwalawa amayenera kubwerezedwa kangapo kuti akwaniritse izi:

• yankho la phulusa la nkhuni (makapu awiri a phulusa ndi kapu imodzi 1 ya sopo yosenda malita 10 a madzi), omwe amafafaniza mbewu;
• kulowetsedwa kwa celandine kapena chowawa (chitsamba chosankhidwa chimaphatikizidwa ndi madzi otentha m'chigawo 1/5 ndikuumirira theka la ola).

Kabichi mbozi chimadya masamba, mazira ndi mapesi a kabichi, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa mbewu

Mitambo yophulika

Ichi ndi cholakwika (2-4 mm), chomwe chimasiyanitsidwa ndi luso labwino lodumphira ndipo chimadya masamba ndi zimayambira zazomera zing'onozing'ono, ndipo mphutsi zamtunduwu zimawononga mizu ya mbande. Ndi utitiri wambiri, mbewu imatha kufa m'masiku ochepa. Ngati malo atha kupulumutsidwa ku cholakwika, maonekedwe ake sangasakazidwe. Chifukwa chake, njira zodzitchinjiriza zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizitsatiridwa pasadakhale:

• kuletsa kukula kwa namsongole wopachika (thumba la abusa, colza, radish yakuthengo);
• kuchita kudulira kwa nthawi yake, kulima ndi kuvala kwapamwamba;
• kudzala kabichi pafupi ndi phytoncide.

Zomera za Phytoncide, zomwe zimaphatikizapo calendula, marigolds, nasturtium, zimatulutsa kununkhira komwe kumachotsa nthata yopachika pamtanda.

Tizilombo tikalowerera, timayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa monga Decis, Karbofos, Aktara.

Tizilombo ta m'mimba tambiri timapha kabichi tikamadya masamba

Akabuluka kabichi

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayikira mazira m'nthaka pafupi ndi mbewuzo, ndipo mphutsi zomwe zimaswedwa zimawononga muzu wa mbande, zomwe zimapangitsa kufota ndi kufa. Pa ndewu pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira a Topaz, Zemlin, Iskra, Karbofos kapena Rovikurt. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe, mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa 5 ml ya ammonia mumtsuko wamadzi ndikutsanulira pamabedi a kabichi.

Ngati kabichi ikawuluka imawononga zitsamba za kabichi, mbewuzo zimayamba kudwala

White Kabichi

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amadziwika ndi aliyense ngati kabichi (gulugufe), koma sikuti ndi amene amabweretsa mavuto, koma mbozi zake zomwe zimadya masamba a kabichi. Mbozi zimadziwika mosavuta ndi mtundu wawo wachikuda wobiriwira wokhala ndi mbali zokulirapo pathupi. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yothanirana ndi tizilombo ndikuyang'ana masamba a kabichi, kuwonongeka kwa mazira ndi mbozi. Ndikofunikanso kuyang'ana mbewu zobzalidwa pafupi ndi kabichi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana titha kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi njereza, koma Fitoverm ndi Kinmik ndizothandiza kwambiri. Mutha kuphika kulowetsedwa kwa mpiru:

1. 100 g ufa wowuma kutsanulira 10 malita a madzi otentha ndikusiya kwa masiku angapo.
2. Musanagwiritse ntchito, onjezerani vutoli mwa kuchuluka kwa 1: 1 ndi madzi ndikuwaza mbewu.

Makungu a azungu a kabichi amadya masamba a kabichi, nthawi zambiri amangoisiya mitsempha yayikulu

Mavuto okula

Kabichi imakhala tcheru kwambiri pakukula, chifukwa, mwakusamalira bwino, mavuto ena amabuka.

Mbande yatambasulidwa

Kujambula mbande sizachilendo. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zifukwa zingapo:

• kusowa kwa kuwala;
• kutentha kwambiri;
• feteleza wambiri wa nayitrogeni m'nthaka.
  

  Kabichi mbande Tambasula pang'ono

Kuti muwonetsetse kuunikira kwazonse, ndikofunikira kuti musangoyika gwero lina, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowonetsera (pepala loyera, zojambulazo). Ponena za kutentha, kabichi sakonda kutentha ndipo makamaka kutentha. M'mikhalidwe yosayenera, sikuti imangotambalala, koma imafa kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti boma liyenera kukhala lotentha.

Ngati mbewu zilandira nitrogen yambiri, ndiye kuti masamba ake amayamba kuvulaza mizu. Izi zikusonyeza kufunikira kwa kuleka kubwezeretsanso ndi nayitrogeni kufikira mbande zibzalidwe m'nthaka.

Mbande sizimera

Chifukwa choti mbande za kabichi sizikula pakhomo nthawi zambiri zimapezeka chinyezi komanso kutentha kwambiri. Kuonetsetsa kuti nyengo zonse zili bwino, mbande zimayikamo malo obiriwira, momwe ndizosavuta kupanga microclimate yofunikira.

Gawo lamunsi la tsinde limawuma

Vuto loti liumitse mbali yam'munsi ya tsinde imachitika chifukwa chosowa chinyontho m'nthaka, m'minda yokhazikika komanso mpweya wouma kwambiri. Zinthu zonsezi zikuwonetsa kufunika kopanga ndi kukhalabe ndi nyengo yabwino kwa mbewu zazing'ono. Kabichi ndi mbewu yomwe imakonda chinyezi ndipo imafuna kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso koyenera, ndipo ngati masanja ndi ochuluka kwambiri, mbande sakhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Poterepa, mbande zimafunika kuti zidulidwe ndipo zimayambira pang'ono dothi.

Kabichi - chikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi

Kuti achulukitse chinyezi, mbewu zimafunikira kuthiridwa nthawi ndi nthawi.

Mbande zokha

Pali nthawi zina pomwe masamba a kabichi achinyamata amatha. Cholinga chake chimakhala kuthirira kwambiri komanso kusamasuka kwa dothi, chifukwa chomwe kutumphuka kwa nthaka kumapangika, komwe kuthilira kwa mpweya kumizu kumakhala kovuta. Zikatere, mizu ya mbewuzo imavunda ndipo masambawo amazirala. Kuphatikiza apo, zidzakhala zofunikira kupenda mabowo otunga madzi osakira. Ngati adatsekeka, ndiye kuti madziwo alibe malo okwanira. Zomwe zimayipa zingakhalenso chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nthaka.

Cholinga kufota kwa mbande za kabichi kumatha chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa mpweya, chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka kapena acidity yosayenera

Mbande kutembenukira chikasu

Ngati mbande imatembenuka chikasu, chifukwa chake ndikuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa feteleza. Ngati feteleza ovuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala pamwamba, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito mabatani ena. Ngati dothi ladzala ndi feteleza, liyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ambiri oyera kuti zitheke kulowa. Mochulukitsa, mbande zitha kuikidwa lina.

Ndikusowa feteleza, mbande zimatha kutembenukira chikaso. Dziwani kuti ndi feteleza uti amene sakwanira, mutha kuchita izi:

• phosphorous - chikasu cha masamba pansi;
• kusowa kwa potaziyamu - nsonga za masamba achikasu;
• kusowa kwachitsulo - masamba amatembenukira chikasu paliponse.

Mbande za kabichi zimatha kutembenukira chikaso chifukwa chosowa kapena kufalikira feteleza

Kuwala kwa mbande kumathanso kuoneka chifukwa cha matenda, omwe adayambitsidwa limodzi ndi mbewu. Ngati mbewu idakonzedwa mu potaziyamu permanganate, ndiye kuti izi sizingatheke.

Kuti tikule bwino mbande za kabichi, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mbeu yabwino.Kupanga chikhalidwe kumakhala ndi malingaliro ake, koma, kuwona malamulo ndi malingaliro oyenera, komanso kuchitapo kanthu pothana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo, kuti tikule mothandizidwa ndi pafupifupi aliyense wosamalira dimba.