Kulimidwa kwa shuga beet: kuyambira kufesa mbewu mpaka kukolola

Ma beets a shuga, Mosiyana ndi chipinda chodyera chomwe ali nacho, ndi osowa kwambiri pazinthu zawo. Kwenikweni, mbewuyi imalimidwa mwaluso ndi alimi aluso. Koma ili ndiubwino wina (hypoallergenic, zokolola zambiri), zomwe amateur wamaluwa amayamikira. Kusamalira beets shuga sikusiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe mitundu ina ya mbewuyi imafunikira. Komabe, pali mfundo zina zofunika zomwe muyenera kuzidziwiratu pasadakhale.

Kufotokozera kwamasamba

Mwachilengedwe, ma beets a shuga samapezeka. Chomera ichi chidawetedwa ndi kuswana monga njira ina yosinthira nzimbe kwa nthawi yayitali, mu 1747. Ntchitoyi idayambitsidwa ndi katswiri wazachipatala wa ku Germany, Andreas Sigismund Marggraf. Koma mothandizidwa, kuwerengera kwake zamalingaliro kunayang'aniridwa mu 1801, pamene pa fakitale ya wophunzira wake Franz Karl Ahard, adakwanitsa kupeza shuga kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe amazipanga.

Beets ya shuga imakulidwa makamaka pazosowa zamakampani azakudya

Tsopano chikhalidwechi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani ogulitsa zakudya komanso ulimi - monga chakudya cha ziweto. Chimabzalidwa pafupifupi kulikonse, malo ambiri omwe amafesedwa amakhala ku Europe ndi North America.

Sweji ya shuga imakulitsidwa pamitundu yonse

"Kholo" lama beets a shuga limapezekabe ku Mediterranean. Nyemba zamtchire zamtchire zimakhala ndi nkhungu, ngati "matabwa", rhizome. Zomwe zili ndi shuga mkati mwake ndizochepa - 0,2-0.6%.

Zomera zokhala ndi beets za shuga ndizazikulu, zoyera, zooneka ngati zakhondo kapena pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pambuyo pake. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yocheperako momwe imafanana ndi thumba, peyala kapena silinda. Kutengera mitundu, amakhala ndi shuga 16-16%. Mizu yazomera imakula kwambiri, muzu umalowera m'nthaka ndi 1-1,5 m.

Nthawi zambiri, mizu ya msuzi wa shuga imafanana ndi cine mu mawonekedwe, koma zosankha zina zimadza.

Kulemera kwamasamba ambiri ndi 0,5-0.8 kg. Koma ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso nyengo yabwino, mutha kukulitsa makope a "rekodi okhala" olemera 2.5-3 kg. Shuga mu iwo amadziunjikira makamaka mwezi watha wazomera. Kutsekemera kwa zamkati kumawonjezeka molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kulemera. Ngakhale shuga zomwe zili muzu wazomera zimatengera mphamvu ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa zomwe mbewuzo zilandira mu Ogasiti-Sepemba.

Kutulutsa kumafalikira, mkati mwake - masamba 50-60. Akakhala kwambiri pamtengowo, mbewuzo zimakula kwambiri. Tsamba lamasamba lolocha mu saladi kapena mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, lili ndi m'mbali mwa wavy, lili pa petiole lalitali.

Rosette wa masamba on beets a shuga ndi wamphamvu, kufalikira, kuchuluka kwa amadyera akhoza kupitilira theka la kulemera konse kwa mtengowo

Ichi ndi mbewu yokhala ndi kuzungulira kwazaka ziwiri. Mukasiya mbewu muzu m'munda nthawi yophukira ya chaka choyamba, ma beets a shuga adzaphuka nyengo yotsatira, ndiye kuti mbewu zidzapangika. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri pokhapokha ngati mtundu womwe wabzalidwa ndi wosakanizidwa.

Shuga beet limamasula mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala mu nthaka

Chikhalidwe chimawonetsera kulolera kuzizira. Mbewu zimamera kale pa 4-5 ° C, mbande sizivutika ngati kutentha kumatsika mpaka 8-9 ° C. Chizindikiro choyenera cha kukula kwa mbewu ndi 20-22 ° C. Chifukwa chake, ma beets a shuga ndi oyenera kukula m'madera ambiri a Russia.

Pophika, ma beets a shuga sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni. Ngakhale zimatha kuwonjezeredwa ku mchere, monga chimanga, makeke, masisitolo, makomponi kupatsa mbale zofunikira kutsekemera komwe mukufuna. Pambuyo pa chithandizo chamatenthedwe, kukoma kwa beets kumangokhala bwino, osati kuwononga zabwino. Uwu ndi njira ina yabwino yothandiza shuga kwa iwo omwe amakuwona ngati "kufa koyera." Koma musanagwiritse ntchito, muzu wa mbeuyo uyenera kutsukidwa. Kukoma kwa khungu ndi zachindunji, kosasangalatsa kwambiri.

Chimodzi mwamaubwino osakayika a beets a shuga ndi hypoallergenicity. Anthocyanins, kupatsa tebulo mitundu yowala ya utoto wowala, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kufanana. Ndipo potengera zomwe zili ndi zinthu zathanzi, zikhalidwe zonse ziwiri ndizofanana. Ma beets a shuga ali ndi mavitamini B, C, E, A, PP. Komanso zamkati pazogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri alipo:

• potaziyamu
• magnesium
• chitsulo
• phosphorous
• mkuwa
• cobalt
• zinc.

Beets ya shuga imakhala ndi ayodini. Izi zofunikira ndizofunikira kwambiri pamavuto a chithokomiro komanso matenda a metabolic.

Pali mavitamini ndi michere yambiri muma beets a shuga

Beets ya shuga imakhala ndi fiber yambiri ndi pectin. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, zimathandizira kuti ntchito ya m'mimba ikhale yachilendo, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi am'mimba, ndikuchotsa kudzimbidwa.

Zothandiza zamasamba zamanjenje. Beets za shuga zomwe zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito, zimathandizira kuyang'ana kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso zimathandizira kutopa kwakanthawi. Kukhumudwa kumatha, kugunda kwa nkhawa zopanda pake kumatha, kugona tulo.

Nutritionists amalimbikitsa kuphatikiza beets mu zakudya za kuchepa magazi, kuchepa kwa magazi, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. Masamba amathandizira kupanga hemoglobin, kumawonjezera kukula kwa makoma a mitsempha ya magazi, kuyeretsa iwo ku cholesterol plaques. Zimathandizanso kuyeretsa thupi la poizoni ndi zinthu zapoizoni, kuphatikizapo mchere wazitsulo zolemera ndi zinthu zowola za radionuclides.

Gruel yochokera masamba a shuga amapaka mankhwala a edema, zilonda zam'mimba, zotupa, ndi zotupa zina pakhungu. "Compress" iyi imathandizira kuchira kwawo mwachangu. Chida chomwechi chimathandizanso kuchepetsa kupweteketsa mano. Greenery imafunikanso kuphika. Monga masamba a beets wamba, amatha kuwonjezeredwa ku soups ndi saladi.

Nthawi zambiri, shuga amapanikizidwa kuchokera ku ma beets a shuga. Zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse ndi pafupifupi 100-120 ml, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzipitirire. Kupanda kutero, mutha kupeza osati kungokhala ndi m'mimba komanso mseru, komanso migraine yolimbika. Madzi ayenera kusiyidwa mufiriji kwa pafupifupi maola awiri musanadye. Amamwa mu mawonekedwe ake oyera kapena kusakaniza ndi karoti, dzungu, apulo. Muthanso kuwonjezera kefir kapena madzi owonekera. Kugwiritsa ntchito mwanjira mwadongosolo kumathandizira kuchepa kwa vitamini masentimita, kumathandizira kubwezeretsa chitetezo chambiri pambuyo pa matenda kapena opaleshoni yayikulu. Mawonekedwe, tsitsi ndi misomali zimapangidwanso, makwinya ang'onoang'ono amatuluka.

Madzi a shuga a shuga amawadyedwa popanda kupititsa muyeso womwe umalimbikitsa tsiku lililonse

Pali zotsutsana. Chifukwa cha shuga wambiri, masamba sangaphatikizidwe muzakudya zamtundu uliwonse wa shuga komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Komanso, ma beets a shuga sangadye ndi omwe apezeka ndi matenda a gastritis kapena peptic ulcer, makamaka ngati matendawa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Wina masamba ali wotsutsana pamaso pa miyala ya impso kapena chikhodzodzo, chotupa, mavuto ndi mafupa (chifukwa chokhala ndi oxalic acid), chizolowezi chochita m'mimba.

Kanema: Ubwino wama beets ndikuvulaza thupi

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri olima aku Russia

Pali mitundu yambiri ya shuga beets. Mitundu yambiri yophatikiza zochokera ku Northern Europe imaphatikizidwa ku Russia State Register, kumene chikhalidwe ichi ndiofala kwambiri. Koma obereketsa aku Russia ali ndi zomwe akuchita. Nthawi zambiri m'minda yam'munda muli zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Crystal Kumene kubadwa kwa haibridi ndi Denmark. Zomera zazing'ono zazing'ono (524 g), shuga wambiri - 18.1%. Chobweretsera china chachikulu ndi chizolowezi chogonjetsa jaundice ndipo makamaka ufa wouma. Wosakanizidwa samakonda kukhala ndi cercosporosis, wakudya muzu, mitundu yonse ya zithunzi;
• Ankhondo. Chimodzi mwazinthu zaposachedwa kwambiri zomwe obereketsa aku Danish akuchita. Wosakanizidwa adalowa State Record of the Russian Federation mu 2017. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzilimidwa m'chigawo cha Volga, dera la Black Sea, ku Urals. Mbewu yomwe ili mumtundu wamtali, imalemera pafupifupi 566 g.Mwaziwu ndi 17,3%. The wosakanizidwa ali bwino chitetezo chokwanira mizu zowola, cercosporosis;
• Bellini Wosakanizidwa amachokera ku Denmark. Analimbikitsa kuti azilimidwa pakatikati pa Russia, Caucasus, ndi Western Siberia. Kulemera kwa mizu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 580 g mpaka 775 g, zimatengera nyengo yam'derali. Zomwe zili ndi shuga ndi 17.8%. Zophatikiza zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi cercosporosis, zikuwonetsa kukana bwino kwa zowola muzu, wakudya muzu, phokoso la ufa;
• Vitara. Wophatikiza wa ku Serbia. Chalangizidwa kuti ikulidwe ku North Caucasus. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mbewu yokhala ndi mizu ndi 500 g. Iwo samadwala matenda a chifuwa chachikulu, koma angathe kudwala matenda a powdery mildew, muzu wakudya;
• Kazembe. Mitunduyi imalimbikitsidwa kuti ikalimbe ku North Caucasus komanso ku Black Sea. Ili ndi shuga wambiri (19.5%). Kulemera kwa muzu mbewu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 580 g mpaka 640 g.Osavutika ndi chifuwa chachikulu, ufa wa thonje, mizu zowola. Matenda owopsa ndi omwe amadya mizu;
• Ma Hercules Sweden wosakanizidwa shuga beet. Adalimbikitsidwa kuti azilimidwa mu Nyanja Yakuda. Mbewu yamizere imakhala yopindika, pamwamba imapakidwa utoto wobiriwira. Kulemera kwapakati ndi 490-500 g.Zakudya za shuga ndi 17.3%. Rosette yamasamba ndiyamphamvu kwambiri, ndikuwerengera 40-50% ya kuchuluka kwa chomera chonse. Ndikosowa kwambiri kudwala kachilombo kamene kamadyedwa ndi matenda a chifuwa chachikulu, sikuti kamachokera ku ufa wa ufa;
• Machimachiko. The hybrid yaku Britain, yomwe State Register imalimbikitsa kukula mu Urals komanso pakati pakati Russia. Zomera zokhala zazing'ono ndizochepa (avareji ya 270 g). Zinthu za shuga - 16-17.6%. Gawo lodziwika ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri;
• Illinois Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wochokera ku USA. Yoyenera kulima ku Urals, m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia. Pafupifupi samadwala matenda, kupatulapo powdery mildew. Kulemera kwa mbewu ya muzu ndi 580-645 g. Shuga zomwe zili - 19% kapena kuposa;
• Mamba Kukwaniritsidwa kwa obereketsa aku Russia. Adalimbikitsidwa kuti azilimidwa mu Nyanja Yakuda. Masamba omwe amatulutsa "amayimilira" pafupifupi vertically, ali yaying'ono (20-30% ya kuchuluka kwa chomera chonse). Gawo la mbewu yolima, "bulging" kuchokera m'nthaka, imapakidwa utoto wonyezimira bwino. Kulemera kwapakati kwa beets - 550 g. Shuga okhutira - 16,7%;
• Livorno. Wina wosakanizidwa waku Russia. Yoyenera kulimidwa mu madera a Black Sea ndi Volga. Kuchuluka kwa mbewu ya muzu ndi 590-645 g. Shuga zomwe zili 18.3%. Sivutika ndi mizu zowola, koma imatha kupatsiridwa ndi powdery mildew, muzu wakudya;
• Mitika. Wophatikiza wa Britain. Zimawonetsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri mutalimidwa kumadera a Volga ndi Black Sea. Zomera zomwe zimayamwa zimafika pamtunda wa 630-820 g.Unyulu wa shuga ndi 17.3%. Osagwirizana ndi zowola muzu ndi ufa wofinya, koma atha kukhudzidwa ndi omwe amadya mizu ndi chifuwa chachikulu;
• Olesia (kapena Olesya). Wophatikiza wobiriwira ku Germany. Ku Russia amalimbikitsidwa kuti azilimitsa m'chigawo cha Black Sea komanso ku North Caucasus. Kulemera kwa mbewu ya muzu ndi 500-560 g.Uzambiri wa shuga ndi 17.4%. Pali chiopsezo chotenga matenda ndi mizu yodya ndi powdery mildew. Koma wosakanizidwa amalimbana ndi cercosporosis;
• The pirate. Wosakanizidwa wokhala ndi muzu wamipangidwe ya cylindrical. Rosette yamasamba ndiyamphamvu kwambiri, mpaka 70% ya kuchuluka kwa mbewu. Zambiri zomwe zili mumsika ndi muzu wa 15.6-18.7% (kutengera gawo lomwe mwalimapo), kulemera kwakukulu ndi 600-680 g. Choopsa chachikulu cha mbewu ndizowola;
• Rasanta. Wodziwika wotchuka wa ku Danish. Ku Russia ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ukalimbe kudera lakuda. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mbewu ya muzu ndi 560 g, zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga ndi 17.6%. Mukhoza kukhudzidwa ndi kachilombo ka mizu, ufa wa ufa;
• Selena. Russian wosakanizidwa wophatikizidwa ndi State Register mu 2005. Analimbikitsa kuti azilimidwa pakatikati pa Russia, ku Urals. Zomera zazitali zolemera 500-530 g Zambiri za shuga - 17.7%. Drawback yofunikira - nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi wakudya muzu, powdery mildew;
• Ural. Ngakhale dzinali, komwe kubadwira haibridi ndi France. Ndioyenera kulimidwa ku North Caucasus, ku Black Sea. Zomera zazitali zolemera 515-570 g. Zinthu za shuga - 17.4-18.1.1%. Chikhalidwe chokha chomwe chikuopseza anthu ndi omwe amadya mizu. Zimawonekeranso pokhapokha ngati mbewu zomwe zikukula sizabwino;
• Federica. Russian wosakanizidwa wolimidwa ku Black Sea ndi Urals. Kulemera kwa mbewu ya muzu ndi 560-595 g.Uzovuta wa shuga ndi 17.5%. Kutentha, kumatha kugonjetsedwa ndi bowa wa pathogenic - cercosporosis, muzu wakudya, ufa wa powdery;
• Ma Flores. Dhibridi wosakanizidwa. Muzu mbewu ndi zazitali, pafupifupi cylindrical. Ngakhale gawo lake loyang'ana mlengalenga mulinso ndi mitundu yoyera. Masamba ali pafupifupi ofukula, wobiriwira wakuda. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mbewu yamizu ndi 620 g.Uzambiri wa shuga ndi 13.9-15.2%. Imakonda kuwonongeka ndi muzu wowola;
• Harley Wosakanizidwa wochokera ku Denmark, wolimbikitsidwa kuti alime pakati pa Russia, ku Urals, m'chigawo cha Black Sea. Kulemera kwa mbewu yamizu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 430 g mpaka 720 g. Zowonjezera za shuga zimakhala zosasinthika (pamlingo wa 17.2-17.4%). Samadwala cercosporosis, muzu wakudya, atha kutenga kachilomboka.

Zithunzi Zojambula: Zosiyanasiyana Beetroot

Kukula mbande

Kulima mbande za shuga za shuga sikumachitika kawirikawiri, chifukwa kwenikweni mbewuyi imabzalidwa pamalonda. Koma wamaluwa amateur nthawi zambiri amakonda motere. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi woteteza chikhalidwe kuti chisawonekere kutentha kochepa, komwe nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuwombera.

Mtundu uliwonse wa beetroot umalolera kumuika

Chomera chimaleketsa kutola ndikusintha pambuyo pake, kotero mbewuzo zingafesedwe mumipanda wamba - m'mipanda yopanda pulasitiki. Njira yonse yakukula mbande imatambasulidwa kwa masabata 4-6. Mbande zimasinthidwa kumunda zikafuna masamba 4-5. Pakati pawo, amasunga kutalika kwa 20-25 cm.Ulifupi wa masentimita 30 mpaka 35. Dothi liyenera kutentha mpaka 10 ° C pofika nthawi iyi, ndipo kutentha kwa usiku sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa 15 ° C. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yofikira yomwe imadalira nyengo m'derali. Akhoza kukhala kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso koyambirira kwa Juni.

Mbande zingapo zimatuluka pambewu iliyonse ya shuga, kotero kuti mbande zomwe zakula zimafunika kuzimbidwa

Kuti mudziwe mbewu zomwe sizingamere, chodzalacho chanyowa mu saline (8-10 g / l). Kenako amafunika kutsukidwa ndi kupha majeremusi. Njira yosavuta ndikumakhwimitsa nthangala za shuga kwa maola 6-8 mu njira yowala ya pinki ya potaziyamu. Koma nthawi yocheperako ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri (mpaka mphindi 15 mpaka 20) ngati fungicides imagwiritsidwa ntchito (makamaka mwachilengedwe), mwachitsanzo:

• Amphaka
• Tiowit Jet
• Bayleton
• Baikal EM.

Mbewu zochitidwa zimatsukidwanso.

Kulimbitsa chitetezo chathupi, nthangala zimatha kunyowa mu njira yachilengedwe. Yoyenerera monga kukonzekera masitolo (potaziyamu humate, Epin, Heteroauxin, Emistim-M), ndi wowerengeka azitsamba (madzi a uchi, madzi a aloe).

Potaziyamu permanganate - imodzi mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo

Mbande za shuga za shuga zimamera malinga ndi ma algorithm otsatirawa:

1. Mbewuzo zimamera - zimakulungidwa mu nsalu yonyowa (kapena yopyapyala, ubweya wa thonje) ndikuisunga pamalo amdima, kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa 25-27 ° C kusachepera. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imatenga osaposa masiku 2-3.
2. Zakonzedwa zakonzedwa zimadzaza ndi dothi losakhazikika - chisakanizo cha peat crumb chokhala ndi humus, nthaka yachonde komanso mchenga wowuma (4: 2: 2: 1). Popewa kukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungal, mutha kuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni kapena choko chophwanyika (1 tbsp. Kuti 5 l ya osakaniza).
3. Dothi limathiriridwa madzi pang'ono ndikukhatikika pang'ono.
4. Mbewu zofesedwa chimodzimodzi m'mbale. Kuchokera pamwambapa, adakutidwa ndi dothi lachonde ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 1.5 masentimita ndikuwanyowetsanso gawo lapansi, kulipopera ndi mfuti.
5. Chombocho chimatsekedwa ndi galasi kapena filimu. Asanatuluke, ma beets opepuka a shuga safunika, koma amafunika kutentha (23-25 ​​° C). Akamatera amafunikira tsiku lililonse kuti ateteze nkhungu ndi kuvunda.
6. Chidebe chokhala ndi mphukira yomwe yatulutsidwayi chimakonzedwanso ndikuwala. Muyenera kudikirira nthawi yochepa, masiku 6- 6. Kutentha kwa zomwe zakonzedwazo kumatsitsidwa kuti kufike pa 14-16 ° C. Zofunikira zochepa zokhala mbande ndi 12 ° C, koma sizifunikanso kutentha (20 ° C ndi pamwambapa), apo ayi mbewuyo imatambalala.
7. Gawo laling'ono limasungidwa nthawi zonse m'malo opanda chonyowa, kuti lisawonongeke mwakuya kuposa 0,5-1 cm.
8. Masabata awiri atamera, mbande zimamwetsedwa ndi yankho la michere. Feteleza aliyense wogulitsa mbande ndi woyenera.
9. Gawo lachigawo chachiwiri chenicheni, ma beets a shuga amawombedwa, obzalidwa ndi makapu apulasitiki osiyana kapena mapoto a peat odzazidwa ndi dothi lomweli. Izi ndi zofunika kuchita, chifukwa mbewu imodzi nthawi zambiri imaphukira ngakhale 2-3
10. Masiku 5-7 asanabzalidwe, mbande zimayamba kuumitsa. Nthawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumsewu imakhazikika pang'onopang'ono kuyambira maola 2-3 mpaka masiku onse.

Mbeu za shuga za shuga zimabzalidwa molingana momwe zingathekere, nthawi imodzi

Kanema: Mbewu za beet zakula

Kubzala mbande

Pakubzala ma beets a shuga poyera, tsiku lamtambo losatentha limasankhidwa. Zitsime zimapangidwa pabedi, kusungitsa nthawi yofunikira pakati pawo. Mbande pafupifupi theka la ola njirayi isanachitike. Mbande zimasinthidwa kumalo ena limodzi ndi chidebe (ngati ndi mphika wa peat), kapena ndi dothi lapansi pamizu. Ngati sizinali zotheka kuzipulumutsa, muzuwo umhoza kumizidwa mu chisakanizo cha dongo la ufa ndi manyowa atsopano.

Beets imayikidwa pansi, ikasunga dzinthu kumtunda, ngati zingatheke

Pambuyo poika, ma beets a shuga amathiriridwa madzi, akumawononga pafupifupi malita 0,5 a madzi pachomera chilichonse. Kutsirira kumachitika tsiku lililonse sabata ikubwera. Kuti muteteze kuchokera ku dzuwa lowongoka, ma arc amawaika pabedi, pomwe pali chilichonse chophimba choyera. Ndikotheka kuchotsa pobisalira mbewuzo zikamera mizu ndikupanga tsamba latsopano.

Zovala zophimba zingathe kusinthidwa ndi nthambi za mafayilo kapena zipewa zamapepala.

Kubzala mbewu munthaka

Chikhalidwechi chimafunikira kwambiri pakutentha, kuwunika, chinyezi cha nthaka, chifukwa chake, njira zakonzekera ziyenera kuonedwa mozama.

Kukonzekera kwa ridge

Choyambirira kuganizira ndikuti mbewuyo sakonda dothi la acid. Kuti athane ndi vutoli, ufa wa dolomite, choko chophwanyika kapena chipolopolo cha mazira a nkhuku ophwanyidwa kuti akhale dothi lamtunda limalowetsedwa m'nthaka. Chitani izi 2-2.5 masabata musanakhale feteleza.

Dolomite ufa ndi wothandizirana wachilengedwe, womvera mlingo, popanda contraindication ndi zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito

Nyemba ya shuga imakonda dothi lotayirira, koma nthawi yomweyo chonde. Zoyenera kwa icho - chernozem, nkhalango imvi yapadziko lapansi, kapena kolocha pang'ono. Dothi lamchenga wopepuka, ngati dothi lolemera, siloyenera kumera.

Kukumba mabedi kumapangitsa nthaka kukhala yopanda chonde, kumathandizira kuti pakhale bwino

Kuyambira kugwa, malo osankhidwa amayenera kukumbidwa bwino, kutsukidwa kwa zinyalala zamasamba ndikuwonjezera 4-5 malita a humus kapena kompositi yopopera, 25-30 g ya potaziyamu sulfate ndi 50-60 g yosavuta superphosphate pa mita. Mwa feteleza wachilengedwe, phulusa la nkhuni lophika lingagwiritsidwe ntchito (lita imodzi ndi yokwanira). Manyowa atsopano sakhala oyenera monga mavalidwe apamwamba. Zomera zoyambira zimakonda kudziunjikira kwa nitrate, zomwe zimayambitsa kukoma kwambiri.

Humus - njira yachilengedwe yowonjezera chonde m'nthaka

Kuphatikiza potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, ma beets a shuga amafunika kwambiri boron. Ndi kuchepa kwake, masamba a chlorosis amakula, mbewu za mizu zimachepera, ndipo mawonekedwe "mapulagi" olimba mu minofu. Feteleza wa Boric acid kapena Mag-Bor imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka pachaka pafupifupi 2-3 g / m².

Msuzi wa shuga umafunika boron kuti ikule bwino

Mizu ya mbewu ndiyamphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, ma beets a shuga sateteza chilala. Koma samakonda chinyontho pamizu. Chifukwa chake, ngati madzi apansi akuyandikira pansi pafupi ndi 1.5-2 m, ndikofunika kupeza malo ena achikhalidwe.

M'malo achinyezi, beets ikhoza kubzalidwe mu zitunda osachepera 0,5 mita.

Mtunda pakati pa mbewu yolimba ndikofunikira pobzala mbande, ndikufesa mbewu panthaka

Sweji ya shuga ndi zachikhalidwe cha tsiku lonse. Zomera zikamalandila kwambiri, zimayamba msanga. Dzuwa ndilofunikira kuti mbewu za muzu zitha kupeza shuga. M'mundawu, malo osankhika amasankhidwa, makamaka chifukwa mbewu sizimasamala kwambiri kukonzekera ndi mphepo.

Kupeza mbewu ya shuga yambiri sikungatheke ngati mbewuyo ilibe dzuwa ndi kutentha kokwanira.

Omwe amatsogolera asete a shuga - nyemba, chimanga, fulakesi. Amathetsa gawo lapansi, kukoka zinthu kuchokera pamenepo. Ngakhale kuthira manyowa musanabzare sikungathandize. Osabzala ngati kaloti - ali ndi matenda wamba. Njira yabwino ndiyo mabedi omwe amakhala ndi dzungu, nightshade, zitsamba, anyezi ndi adyo. Chikhalidwe chimasinthidwa kupita kumalo kwatsopano zaka 2-3 zilizonse, ndikuwonera kasinthidwe ka mbewu.

Garlic ndi imodzi mwazoyambira zokhala ndi shuga.

Kubzala mbewu

Mbeu za shuga za shuga zimamera pamtunda wotsika, koma pamenepa ntchito zimatha pafupifupi mwezi wathunthu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudikirira pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, matalala obwerera (-3-4 ° С) amatha kuwononga mbande zazing'ono. Kutentha kokwanira bwino kwa mbewu yabwino ndi 20 ° C kapena pang'ono pang'ono.

Kutentha kukatsika mpaka 6-8 ° C, kudzikundikira kwa shuga mu mizu mbewu kumatha.

Mbeu za beet msuzi musanabzalidwe pansiponso zimafunikanso kukonzekera zomwe tafotokozazi. Amamizidwa m'nthaka ndi masentimita 3-5, ndikusiya pakati pa 8-10 masentimita. Pambuyo pake, wosankhayo adzafunikabe. Mbewu imodzi yokha imayikidwa mu chitsime chilichonse. Kuwaza ndi wosanjikiza wowonda wa humus wothira tchipisi kapena mchenga. Kuwombera kumawonekera pafupifupi masabata 1.5. Mpaka pano, kamawu amakhala womangika ndi filimu.

Mbande za Beetroot zikamera mbande ziyenera kudulilidwa kuti mbewu iliyonse ikhale ndi malo abwino azakudya

Kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kutsika kuposa 8-10 ° С, nthaka - 7-8 ° С. Kupanda kutero, ma beets a shuga amatha kulowa muvi.

Malangizo a Zakusamalira Mbewu

Sweji ya shuga imafunikira chilichonse chozizwitsa kuchokera kwa wolima dimba. Kusamalira kumatsikira pakumasulira mabedi, kuthira manyowa ndi kuthirira koyenera. Omaliza ayenera kupatsidwa chidwi mwapadera.

Beets ya shuga imakwanira katatu feteleza nyengo yakula:

1. Nthawi yoyamba feteleza ngati chomera chimapanga masamba 8-10 owona. Chida chilichonse chosungira mbewu zomwe mizu ndiyoyenera, koma boron ndi manganese ziyenera kukhala nawo.
   

   Omwe alimi ena, kuti athandize kukula kwa malo ogulitsira, kuwonjezera urea, ammonium nitrate, ndi feteleza wina wa nayitrogeni pazothetsera izi, koma ndiofunikira kumafamu, osati kwa ziwembu za anthu. Kwa munthu yemwe sadziwa zambiri pakubzala mbewu, ndizosavuta kupitilira muyeso ndikuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa nitrate muzu zamizu.

   

   Pa kavalidwe koyamba kapamwamba ka beets la shuga, feteleza aliyense wogulitsa ndi woyenera

2. Nthawi yachiwiri feteleza akutsatiridwa mkati mwa Julayi. Zomera zam'mera zimayenera kufalikira ngati mtedza. Beets ya shuga imathiridwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa masamba a nettle, dandelion, namsongole wina uliwonse wamunda ndi kuwonjezera kwa mchere (50-60 g pa 10 l). Kuchokera pamenepa, zamkati zimakhala zofewa komanso zotsekemera. Cholinga chake ndikuti kwawo kwa beets kutchire ndi Mediterranean, ndipo amawagwiritsa ntchito kumphamvu yamchere yamchere.
   

   Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle kukonzekera masiku 3-4, musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kukhala osasankhidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi

3. Chovala chomaliza chomaliza chikuchitika mu Ogasiti. Kukucha mizu ya mbewu kumafunika potaziyamu. Zinthu zawo za shuga zimatengera izi. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la nkhuni mu mawonekedwe owuma kapena mawonekedwe a kulowetsedwa, koma feteleza aliyense wa potaziyamu-phosphorous popanda nitrogen ndi woyenera.
   

   Phulusa la nkhuni - gwero lachilengedwe la potaziyamu ndi phosphorous

Mukukula, pakatha masabata atatu aliwonse, mutha kuwaza masamba a shuga ndi kukonzekera kwa Adob-Bor, Ekolist-Bor kapena kungokhala ndi boric acid kuchepetsedwa m'madzi (1-2 g / l).

Beets la shuga limapirira chilala chifukwa mizu yake imapangidwa mosavuta, koma izi zimakhudza mtundu wa mbewu komanso kusunga kwake. Ndipo chinyezi chambiri chimakwiyitsa mizu.

Zomera zazing'ono ndizofunikira kuthirira nthawi zonse kwa mwezi umodzi mutathira mbande mu nthaka. Dothi limanyowetsedwa masiku onse atatu, ndikusintha kwa nthawi kutengera nyengo. Kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa Julayi mumatha kuthilira madzi pafupipafupi, pafupifupi kamodzi pa sabata. Kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi 20 l / m². Pafupifupi milungu itatu tisanakolole zokolola, kuthilira kumayimitsidwa, mbewu zimadutsa mvula yachilengedwe.

Nthawi yabwino yothirira ndi usiku. Njira yake ilibe kanthu, koma madzi ayenera kukhala otentha. Madontho akugwera pamasamba sakuvulaza mbewu. Ndipo m'mawa ndikofunikira kumasula dothi. Kuti musunge chinyontho m'nthaka komanso kuti muchepe usakule, mutha kuthira zingwe.

Suzi wa shuga safuna hill. Ngakhale muzu utakuluka pang'ono m'nthaka, izi ndizabwinobwino. Njira zoterezi zimangovulaza mbewuyo, ndikuchepetsa m'mbuyo mapangidwe ake.

Mukukula, mbewu za muzu zimayamba kuculuka pang'ono - pachikhalidwe, izi ndizabwinobwino, sizikufunika hilling

Kanema: nsonga zosamalira shuga

Matenda ofanana ndi beet komanso tizirombo

Kusatetemera kwa beets kwa shuga ndikokwera kuposa chipinda chodyeracho, koma mumkhalidwe wovuta kumatha kuvutikanso ndi bowa wa pathogenic ndikuwopsezedwa ndi tizilombo.

Matenda owopsa pachikhalidwe:

• wakudya muzu. Mbeu zamera zikumenya, nthawi zambiri alibe nthawi yowombera. Mukapanga mizu imawoneka "ndikulira" mopepuka mabulawuni otuwa. Pansi pa tsinde limafoola ndipo limayamba kucheperachepera, mbewuyo ikagona pansi, yowuma;
• cercosporosis. Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono a beige a mawonekedwe ozungulira. Pang'onopang'ono iwo amakula, kumtunda kumakopekedwa ndi utoto wofiyira;
• peronosporosis. Malo owoneka ngati laimu osawoneka bwino amawoneka pamasamba, ochepa okha. Pang'onopang'ono amasintha mtundu kukhala wobiriwira wakuda, kenako kukhala wodera. Mbali yolakwika imakokedwa ndi chingwe chokulirapo. Masamba omwe amakhudzidwa amakula, kulemala, kufa;
• ufa wowuma. Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi utoto wakuyera kapena utoto wonyezimira, ngati kuti amawaza ndi ufa. Pang'onopang'ono zimadetsedwa ndikuuma, magawo omwe akhudzidwa ndi minofu amawuma ndikufa;
• kuvunda kwa mizu. Pansi pa tsamba limasunthira bulauni ndi kufewetsa, ndikumachepera kukhudza. Zomwe zimachitikanso ndi pamwamba pamizu yobzala mu dothi. Kuwonongeka kumatha kuwoneka. Fungo losasangalatsa lotayirira limachokera kuzinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa. Masamba amakhala akuda, kufa;
• jaundice. Masamba okhudzidwa amapita pang'onopang'ono chikasu, kuyambira pamwamba. Amakhala oyipa pang'ono kukhudza, yaying'ono, amasavuta kuswa. Mitsempha imakhala yakuda, kenako ndikudzaza ndi chikasu cha imvi.

Zithunzi Zojambula: Zizindikiro za Matenda

Mwa matenda amenewa, ndi okhawo omwe amakhala ndi chithandizo chokhacho komanso chovuta. Zina ziwoneka pamera pokhapokha ngati njirazo zapita kale, ndipo zoyerekeza zomwe zakhudzidwazo sizingathenso kupulumutsidwa. Makamaka pakakulitsa beets shuga kuyenera kuperekedwa njira zodzitetezera:

• Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsata njira yodzala, kusamalira bwino mbewu komanso kukonza mbewu;
• kwa prophylaxis, makristulo angapo a potaziyamu permanganate amawonjezeredwa pamadzi pakuthirira kuti athe kupeza mtundu wa pinki;
• dothi lomwe limamasula fumbi limafota ndi sulufule wachabechabe, mbewu zomwezo ndi choko chamafuta kapena phulusa la nkhuni;
• Beets imatsanulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi suds sopo, imasungunulidwa ndi madzi, soda kapena phulusa la soda, ufa wa mpiru.

Fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbana ndi matenda. Zoyipa zonse ku thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala amakono azomwe zimayambira, koma pali alimi omwe amadalira njira zakale zotsimikiziridwa (mkuwa wa sulfate, Bordeaux madzi, mkuwa chloroxide).

Beets imakhala ndi tizirombo tambiri. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa mitundu yake yonse. Kuteteza nkhokwe kuti zisawonongedwe ndi tizilombo:

• bedi lazunguliridwa mozungulira mzere ndi anyezi, adyo, ndi zitsamba zina zonunkhira bwino. Iwo akuwopa kutali ndi chowawa, yarrow, marigold, nasturtiums, lavender;
• matepi omata apafupi oti agwire ntchentche kapena misampha yakunyumba (zidutswa za plywood, makatoni akuda, galasi wokutira ndi guluu, uchi, mafuta odzola) amapachikidwa;
• mbewu zimapoperedwa kamodzi pa sabata ndi infusions wa tsabola, masingano, masamba a lalanje. Entobacterin, Bitoxibacillin, Lepidocide nawonso;
• nthaka m'mundayo imakonkhedwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni ndi tchipisi cha fodya ndi tsabola wapansi.

Mankhwala othandizira tizilombo ndi osafunikira, kotero kuti zinthu zovulaza sizikhala m'mizu. Ngati mumayang'anitsitsa ikamatera kuti pali zizindikiro zokayikitsa, vutoli limatha kuonedwa koyambirira kwa chitukuko. Pankhaniyi, monga lamulo, mankhwala okwanira wowerengeka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati tizirombo tikuukira kwambiri, zomwe ndizosowa kwambiri.

Zithunzi zojambula:

Kututa ndi kusunga

Kutengera ndi mitundu, ma beets a shuga amapsa pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Amasungidwa bwino, mikhalidwe yoyenera, muzu wazomera, amatengedwa chisanu woyamba, womaliza mpaka kumapeto.

Beets ya shuga imayenera kusungidwa chisanu chisanafike, ngati zakonzedwa kuti zizisungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali

Atatsala pang'ono kukolola, bedi lamundayo liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri. Zomera zoyambira zimakololedwa pamanja, kenako zimasiyidwa panja kwa maola angapo kuti dothi limatsatira. Koma simuyenera kuwazindikiritsa kwambiri mumsewu - amachedwa chinyontho ndipo amayatsidwa. Zitatha izi, beets imatsukidwa dothi ndikuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Kuti zisungidwe, mbewu za muzu zokha ndizomwe zimasankhidwa popanda zovuta zokayikitsa pakhungu. Satsukidwa, koma nsonga zimadulidwa.

Wokolola shuga amasiyidwa pabedi kwa maola angapo kuti dothi lomwe limatsatira mizu yake ikome

Zomera za m'munda zimayikidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, chapansi, malo ena amdima komwe kutentha kosasintha kumakhalabe kwa 2-3 ° C, chinyezi chambiri (90%) ndipo pali mpweya wabwino. Potentha, beets la shuga limamera msanga, mbewu za mizu zimayamba kuzizira, ndipo pamtunda wotsika zimavunda.

Amasungidwa m'makatoni, pamatanda, pamatumba apulasitiki kapena pokhapokha pamakoma kapena m'matayala okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 15. Ndikofunika kuyika mizu m'mizere. Zigawozo zimathiridwa ndi mchenga, utuchi, zokutira, tchipisi cha peat.

Popewa kukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, mbewu za muzu zimatha kuthiridwa ndi choko chophwanyika.

Beets imasungidwa mu chidebe chilichonse kapena popanda icho, chinthu chachikulu ndikupereka mbewu yamizu ndi chinyezi chambiri ndikupeza mpweya wabwino

Shuga beet amadziwika kuti ndi mbewu yaukadaulo ndipo amakula kuti apitilize kukonzanso. Koma olima ena amabzala mu ziwembu zawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikonda kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga beets ndi athanzi kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi kuba wamba, sikuti kumayambitsa ziwopsezo. Kupeza zokolola zochulukirapo sikungakhale kovuta ngakhale kwa wolima munda wopanda luso kwambiri. Tekinoloje yaulimi imasiyana pang'ono ndi zomwe zimafunidwa ndi mitundu yama tebulo.