Chomera ndi mbalame ya banja la Pheasants ndi dongosolo la Curonidae. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, ndi kovuta kwambiri komanso mofulumira. Mbali yapadera ya magawowa - omwe amakhala okwera kwambiri kumalo ovuta a nyengo, kotero kuti mbalameyo angapeze pafupifupi pafupifupi kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, kuchokera ku Arctic Circle kupita ku madera otentha a ku America.
Ptarmigan
The partridge tundra amakhala kumtunda wa kumpoto, komwe kumayendetsa moyo wokhazikika. Maonekedwe ake ali ofanana ndi whiteridge, chifukwa, mmalo mwa malo okhalamo, mitundu iyi ya magawo akhoza kukhala osokonezeka mosavuta.
Kawirikawiri mbalame zoterezi amaziwona amakonda kusunga magulu ang'onoang'ono. Kusamvana kumachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo, ndipo pofuna kupeza chinyama, akuyang'ana miyala yamaluwa yokhala ndi miyala yambiri.
Mapiritsiwa akukula kwambiri panyumba pamlingo: nkhuku, abakha, atsekwe.
Amatha kumanganso zisa zawo pamapiri, m'malo omwe zitsamba zikukula. Kawirikawiri chisa ndi fossa chosaya., pansi pake ili ndi mapesi osiyanasiyana, masamba ndi zitsamba.
Nthaŵi zambiri, mtundu uwu umabisa zisa zake pansi pa miyala yayikulu kapena tchire. Chakumapeto kwa June, akazi amakhala pakati pa mazira 6 ndi 12, kuteteza iwo pa nthawi yopuma. Pakakhala ngozi, amayamba kubisala, ndipo nthawi zonse amayesa kusokoneza chiopsezo kwa ana awo.
Mtundu wa mbalameyo umakhala wochuluka, mbali yakumtunda ya thupi imakhala yokutidwa kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za mtundu wofiirira. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, mtundu umakhala wofiira. Mawotchi ambiri ali pansi nthawi zonse.kumene amakhala pamatali akuluakulu.
Zakudyazi ndi zosiyana kwambiri komanso zimakhala ndi zipatso, mphukira zazing'ono komanso maluwa a birch, komanso masamba ndi maluwa a zomera zina.
Ndikofunikira! Panthawiyi, chiwerengero cha mitunduyi chachepa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi m'mayiko ena muli mapulogalamu a boma kuti ateteze.
Stone partridge
Thupi la gawo la mwala wa miyala ndi ofanana ndi imvi, koma limasiyana ndi ilo mu misa yaikulu. Mzinda umenewu umaphatikizapo dera lalikulu kuchokera ku Caucasus kupita ku Altai.
Komanso mlengalenga mbalame imapezeka ku Central Asia. Kawirikawiri mapiri ndi mitundu yambiri ya anthu amakhala mumapiri a mapiri, pansi pake mitsinje ikuyenda.
Mtundu wa partridges wamwala ndi m'malo motley, ashen-gray, ndi mthunzi wa bluish-pinki. Diso la mtundu uwu liri ndi kachitidwe kake ka mawonekedwe a mphete.
Pambali pali mdima wakuda, ndi mimba ya mthunzi wofiira. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 35, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala kuchokera ku 350 mpaka 800 magalamu, mapikowa ndi 47-52 masentimita.
Mkaziyo amakhala ndi mazira okwana 16, chigoba choyera chodongo, chomwe chili ndi mabala a bulauni. Nthawi yosakaniza imatenga milungu itatu.
Zakudyazi zikuphatikizapo zipatso zosiyanasiyana, zipatso, masamba ndi mbewu. Mbalame imatha kuchotsa mizu yosiyanasiyana ndi mababu kuchokera pansi. Timadya tizilombo: akalulu, mbozi ndi mbozi.
Desert Partridge
Mitundu imeneyi imakhala m'maderawa kuchokera ku Armenia Highland kupita ku India komanso kuchokera m'mphepete mwa Persian Gulf kupita ku Central Asia. Poyamba, malowa anaphimbidwa ngakhale kumwera kwa Ulaya..
Kawirikawiri mbalamezi zimakhala m'mapiri, kumalo kumene kuli mitsinje, mitsinje ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Khalani pafupi pafupi ndi akasupe ndi mitsinje. Amakonda malo okongola omwe ali ndi udzu wochepa kapena zomera zamasamba.
Mphuno ya mbalame ili ndi mchenga wofiira ndi pang'ono mthunzi wa pinki.
Pa mbali apo ndi kotalika kwambiri bulauni mikwingwirima. Amuna a mitundu iyi ali ndi gulu la bulauni lakuda pamutu pawo, lomwe pafupi ndi goiter limakhala mtundu wa "tie". Unyinji wa magawo akuluakulu ndi 200-300 magalamu.
Malo omwe zisa zakhazikitsidwa ndi malo otsetsereka a mapiri, mapiri, malo okhala pansi pa miyala, pafupi ndi mitengo ndi tchire. Mu nthawi yomwe mazira asanamke, abambo ndi abambo ali pamodzi ndikudyetsa pafupi ndi chisa. Kawirikawiri, yaikazi imayika mazira 8-16 ndipo mwamsanga atangokhala akuyamba kuwaswa.
Amuna, kawirikawiri osati, samagwira nawo mazira, koma ali kutali ndi zisa. Komabe mtundu uwu wamodzi wokhaChoncho, pamodzi ndi anawo, munthu akhoza kukomana ndi mkazi ndi mwamuna.
Mukudziwa? Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1995, chikwangwani ndi chizindikiro cha boma cha Alaska.
White partridge
Chiwonetsero chokongola kwambiri, kukula kwa masentimita 38 m'litali ndi kupeza pafupifupi 700 magalamu a kulemera. Ili ndi mutu waung'ono ndi maso aang'ono ndi khosi lalifupi. Mlomo wawung'ono umakhala wamphamvu kwambiri, pang'ono ukuwerama.
Miyendo yofiira imaphimbidwa ndi ming'alu yambiri, yomwe, pamodzi ndi ziboda zakuthwa, imalola mbalame kukhala bwino mu chisanu m'nyengo yozizira. Popeza nyengo ikuwonongeka, imakhala ikugwa m'chipale chofewa, ndipo imadikirira nyengo yoipa.
Chakudya choyenera - udzu masamba chakudya: achinyamata mphukira zosiyanasiyana zitsamba, maluwa, zipatso ndi mbewu za zomera, mathithi moss. Zakudya zokwana 97% zimakhala ndi zomera komanso 3% zodyetsa nyama (mphutsi, mphutsi, nyongolotsi ndi ntchentche).
Mitundu imeneyi imakhala yochepa kwambiri ndipo imayendetsa moyo wadziko lapansi, imayenda bwino ndikudzikongoletsa bwino. M'nyengo yozizira, chovala choyera chimasankha zomwe zimatchedwa "zipinda za chisanu" ngati malo okhalamo, zomwe zimatulutsa zigawo za chisanu. M'nyumba yotere mbalame imabisala kuzilombo.
Iye ndi mbalame yokondeka, koma nthawi ya kuswana imasiyanitsa. Pa nthawiyi, awiriwa amapangidwa, kubereka ana.
Mukudziwa? Maonekedwe omwe akufotokozedwa akhoza kulekerera mkhalidwe wozizira kwambiri, pamene akusungabe mphamvu ndi mphamvu mu makina a chisanu.
Crowned grouse
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya zinyama, chombocho chimakhalabe malo otseguka ndi zomera zochepa, koma m'mapiri otentha, kumene kuli kovuta kupeza.
Munthu wamkulu amakula mpaka masentimita 25 mu msinkhu. Mbali yaikulu ya mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa ndi odabwitsa.
Mtundu wa mbalame uli wakuda, wokhala ndi ubweya wabuluu mwa amuna ndi obiriwira mwa akazi. Pamutu mwa anyamata muli mtundu wofiira kwambiri, womwe umakhala wofanana ndi burashi.
Kawirikawiri kachilombo ka korona kamadyetsa zipatso ndi mbewu, koma mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, chakudya cha nyama chimakhala ndi chakudya. Izi zikuphatikizapo tizilombo tosiyanasiyana komanso ngakhale zida zapadziko lapansi.
Mitunduyi imadziwikiranso ndi maonekedwe ake osadziwika. M'malo mwa anapiye akung'amba mu fossa, magawowa amamanga chisa chachikulu, ndi khomo ndi denga. Ambiri mwa amayiwa amatsogolera kale nkhuku zazikulu ku chisa, pamene amatsekera mosamala khomo ndi nthambi.
Kampani yotenga nthawi yaitali
Malo a mitundu imeneyi ndi nkhalango zakuda za Malaysia, Sumatra ndi Borneo. Mbalamezi ndi zazikulu, kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika masentimita 36.
Malo otentha - otentha, kumene kuli nkhalango zowirira, makamaka m'nkhalango zamatabwa. Nthawi zina nthumwi za mitunduyi zimapezeka ngakhale pamtunda wa kilomita.
Mbalameyi ndi yonyansachifukwa chake amayesa kubisala kwa munthu mwamsanga. Zimakhala zovuta kuwona, koma zimatha kumveka usiku, pamene phokoso limapanga phokoso lofuula lomwe limatengedwa kutali kwambiri.
Panthawiyi palibe chimene chimadziwika ponena za zinyama zokhalamo. Kuchokera ku zinyama zomwe zimapezeka ndi kufufuzidwa, zimatha kuzindikira kuti akazi amaika pakati pa mazira awiri ndi asanu, omwe amawomba masiku 18-19.
Mukudziwa? A Malaysian abwera ndi njira yosangalatsa yosaka mbali zoterezi. Kuti achite izi, amatsanzira usiku ndikufuula ndikuwanyengerera mumsampha wapadera.
Chovala Choyera Choyera
Amakhala m'nkhalango zamapiri za Sri Lanka pamtunda wa mamita 1500 pamwamba pa nyanja. Munthu wamkulu amakula mpaka 33-36 centimita. Kwenikweni, chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo zakudya zamasamba - zipatso, mbewu, rhizomes.
Mitengo ya vitya imasankha mapiri otsetsereka a zigwa, chifukwa m'madera oterowo zimakhala zosavuta kuzibisira anawo.
M'nyengo yothamanga, mbalame zimasonkhana pawiri.zomwe sizimatha ngakhale pambuyo pa maonekedwe a ana. Pa nthawi ya mvula, yomwe imakhala kuyambira November mpaka March, mkaziyo amaika mazira awiri. Nkhuku zazikulu zimakhala pafupi ndi makolo awo ndipo mwamsanga zimaphunzira kudyetsa.
Desert Partridge
Amakhala m'dera lamapiri kapena lachipululu, komwe kuli malo okhala. Kawirikawiri mbalame zimasonkhana pawiri kapena nkhosa zochepa. Zimayenda mobwerezabwereza ndipo zimayenda ulendo wautali.
Amangoyenda pansi, kuthamanga kuchoka kumapiri, kumene amabisala m'mapiri ndi pakati pa miyala. Idyani impso ndi mbewu za zomera, komanso tizilombo tochepa.
Ukulu wa mbalameyi ndi yaing'ono kwambiri kuposa ya nkhunda, ndipo kulemera kwa chikwangwani ndi 200 magalamu okha. Mphunoyi ndi imvi yokhala ndi pinki kakang'ono kofiira; mikwingwirima ya oblique ya bulauni ndi yakuda ilipo pamimba. Pamutu mwa amuna muli mzere wakuda womwe umafanana ndi chophimba.
Malo osungirako zida ndi malo otsetsereka a mapiri okhala ndi zomera zochepa. Pakatikati mwa mwezi wa May, mkaziyo amaika mazira 8-12.
Ndikofunikira! Ndipotu, tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi a banja lomwelo monga black grouse, ndiko kuti, ku Teterevins.
Madagascar Partridge
Amakhala pachilumba cha Madagascar m'matanthwe a tchire komanso udzu wamtali. Kawirikawiri amapezeka m'minda yolima, kumene mbalame ikufunafuna chakudya chawo.
Amakondanso minda yosiyidwa imene ikudzala ndi namsongole. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 30.
Mtundu wapadera wa mitundu iyi uli mu mitala, mwa kuyankhula kwina, amuna okwatirana ndi akazi angapo. Komanso, mbalame zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi zojambula ndi mtundu.
Amuna ali ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri, womwe umawathandiza kukopa chiwerengero cha akazi. Pambuyo pa kukwatira, mkaziyo amakhala ndi makina ambiri, nthawi zina amakhala mazira makumi awiri.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu iyi imakhalapo, ndiko kuti, oimira ake akhoza kukhala ku Madagascar okha.
Chitsulo cha Bush
Amakhala m'nkhalango yomwe imamera kumapiri a kum'mwera kwa China, imapezekanso ku Tibet. Oimira mitunduyo akhoza kukhala kumtunda: kuchokera mamita 1,500 kufika mamita 2,700 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Akuluakulu amasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri thupi lawo limakhala masentimita 25. Kumtchire, magawo a shrub amakhala pakati pa awiri kapena awiri.
Mtunduwo ndi bulauni-bulauni, ndi mawanga aang'ono. Mawanga wakuda pammero amatha kudziwa momwe mbalame imakhalira, popeza mbuzi ili ndi zambiri.
Kuyambira nthawi ya April mpaka June, awiriwa amatha kupanga mazira 4-5. Chitsulo cha Bushs sichimanga chisa, ndipo amachititsa kukhala pansi mwachindunji mizu ya mtengo kapena pansi pa chitsamba.
Ngakhale kuti ndi yaing'ono, ndi mbalame yolimba kwambiri yomwe imatha kupulumuka ngakhale m'madera ovuta a Arctic ndi otentha. Komabe Mitundu ina imayenera kutetezedwa, popanda zomwe iwo angathe kungowonongeka.
