Tsercis ndi chitsamba kapena mtengo wawung'ono womwe nthambi zake mchaka zambiri zimakutidwa ndi maluwa ofiira. Chomera chokongola choterechi chimayenera kukhazikika m'munda uliwonse. Mwa alimi ake, mayina ena ndi odziwika: Mtengo wa Yudase, kapezi.
Kufotokozera
Mtengowo ndi wa banja la a legume ndipo umagawidwa kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Mediterranean, China ndi North America. Botanists amasiyanitsa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yayikulu, yomwe imasiyana pakulimbana ndi chisanu, kutalika, mtundu wa maluwa ndi kapangidwe.
Zomera zosatha nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka 50 mpaka 70. Zitsamba kapena mitengo yamaluwa otaya nthawi yachisanu. Kutalika kwawo kwakukulu ndi mamita 18. Makungwa pazitsamba zakale ndi thunthu lake ndi lofiirira wakuda ndi ming'alu yaying'ono. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala zofiirira za maolivi kapena zera. Nthambi za chaka choyamba zimapangidwa ndi matani ofiira ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala.
Masamba osavuta a ovoid ali ndi m'mphepete osalala komanso mitsempha yozama. Amalumikizidwa ku nthambi mothandizidwa ndi petioles, amakonzedwa motsatana. Zolemba zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono zimagwa m'mama. Mtundu wa masamba ake ndi wobiriwira pang'ono, ndipo pakati pa chilimwe umayamba kuzizira pang'ono.
Ngakhale masamba asanaphuke, maluwa apinki amtsogolo adzaonekera pa thunthu ndi nthambi. Amakhala zolimba pakhungwa kapena m'makona amasamba. Maluwa amatenga mwezi mpaka masamba atatseguka kwathunthu. Maluwa ojambulidwa mosavutikira amasonkhanitsidwa mumiyendo kapena mabulashi. Corolla wa maluwa amafanana ndi njenjete yaying'ono, pomwe kapuyo imakhala ndi belu lotseguka. Duwa lirilonse limakhala ndi miyala yayikulu ya pinki kapena yofiirira, mpaka masitepe afupiafupi 12 ndi ovary imodzi yayifupi.
Pambuyo pa maluwa, zipatso zazikuluzikulu mpaka 10 cm zimapangidwa pamtengowo. Nyemba ndizopanda pake komanso lathyathyathya, zimakhala ndi malo owala bwino.
Zosiyanasiyana
M'dziko lathu, mitundu yodziwika bwino ya cercis ndi Canada ndi European.
Tsercis European zokongoletsa zosiyanasiyana. Chapakatikati, nthambi zake zimatulutsa pinki chifukwa chamaluwa ambiri. Chomera ndi thermophilic, sichilekerera kuzizira kwakutali, choncho ndichoyenera kulimidwa kumadera akumwera. Nthawi zambiri imamera mumtundu wa mtengo, koma chifukwa cha mphukira yamizu imatha kuwoneka ngati chitsamba chachikulu. Kutalika kwa chomera chachikulire kumatha kufika mamilimita 10. Thunthu lake ndi lolemera, chisoti chachifumu chikuwoneka, masamba ndi amodzi. M'dzinja, masamba amakhala achikasu. Maluwa amawonekera kumayambiriro kwamasika masamba asanaphuke ndikuyamba kuphuka patatha mwezi umodzi. Mtundu wa pamakhala ndi pinki yowala.
Cercis waku Canada Zachilendo kumpoto ndipo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chisanu. Mitengoyo ndi yokwera kuposa mitundu yakale ndipo imafikira mamita 12. Masamba ake ndi akulu, ooneka ngati mtima, wobiriwira pamwambapa komanso amtambo pansipa. Masamba otsetsereka amasanduka chikasu m'dzinja. Maluwa opepuka a pinki ndiocheperako kuposa amitundu ya ku Europe ndipo samaphimba zimayambira kwambiri. Komatu nthambizo ngakhale thunthu lake limakutidwa ndi masamba owala amitundu 5-8. Maluwa amayambira pang'ono pang'ono ndipo amatenga mpaka chilimwe. Nyemba zimacha mu Ogasiti ndipo sizigwa kwa nthawi yayitali; zina zimatsalira kwa zaka ziwiri. Mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu iwiri yosakanizidwa:
- zoyera
- terry.
Tzercis chinese Ndi mitengo yayitali kwambiri (mpaka 15 m) yokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu owoneka ndi mtima. Chomera ndi thermophilic ndipo sichilola chisanu. Maluwa ofiira ofiira amisonkhanitsa m'maluwa akuluakulu, omwe mu Meyi amachititsa mtengo kukhala wokongola kwambiri.
Tsercis Griffith mosiyana ndi mitundu yakale, imakhala chitsamba cholimba ndi mphukira zolimba. Kutalika kwa mbewu kukafika pamamita 4. masamba ake ndi ozungulira, obiriwira amdima, achikopa. Maluwa amatengedwa m'mabisiketi a zidutswa za 5-7 ndipo amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Nthawi yotentha simazizira.
Tzercis kumadzulo. Mitengo yolimbana ndi chisanu imadziwika ndi korona wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri komanso masamba obiriwira owala. Kupanda kutero, mawonekedwewo ali ofanana ndi aku Canada.
Cercis impso Amayamba kukhala ngati chitsamba chachikulu kapena mtengo wokhala ndi kutalika kotalika mamita 10. Chomera chake ndi thermophilic, chimasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a inflorescences. Masamba amatengedwa tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timatumba tating'onoting'ono. Kutalika kwa inflorescence ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi pinki yowala. Masamba ndi ozungulira, osalala, obiriwira amdima.
Cercis cyst amakhala m'chigawo chapakati cha China. Mtengo waukulu wokhala ndi korona wobiriwira wakuda nthawi yotentha komanso masamba achikasu pakugwa. Limamasula lofiirira. Nthambizo zimasonkhanitsidwa mumabrashi akuluakulu, onse atakhazikika panthambi ndi thunthu, ndikugwera pamafupi.
Kuswana
Cercis imafalitsidwa ndi zigawo, kudula kapena mbewu. Panthawi yofalitsa mbewu, nyemba zimasweka, zimasokonekera kapena zimasungidwa mu yankho la sulufule. Izi ndichifukwa cha chipolopolo chofiyira kwambiri, chomwe chimakhala chovuta kuti mphukira zake zithe. Mbewu zofesedwa poyera panja nyengo yachisanu isanachitike, mbewu zimasungidwa ndi peat, masamba adagwa, nthambi za spruce. Mitundu yokonda kutentha imaphuka pokhapokha kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira sikunatsika pansi + 3 ... + 5 ° C.
Kuti mutenge chomera chodulidwa, mu nthawi yophukira muyenera kudula mphukira yaying'ono pazaka 2-3. Ndikofunikira kuti ikhale ndi impso zosachepera 2-3. Zotsatira zake popanda chithandizo zimakhazikika m'malo atsopano m'mundamo. Limbikitsani zidutswazo pakadali masentimita 10-15. Ngakhale chisanu chisanachitike, zimatha kuzika mizu, chifukwa chake madzi oundana sawawopa. Ngakhale gawo lakumanziralo likuzizira, mphukira zatsopano zimapanga mawonekedwe.
Pamitengo yayitali, masamba oyambira ndi mizu yawo nthawi ndi nthawi amakula. Chapakatikati amatha kupatukana mosamala ndikuyika malo atsopano.
Mosasamala kanthu za njira yobzala, ndikofunikira kuzungulira mbande zazing'ono mosamala, chifukwa zimakonda kwambiri nyengo yovuta. Akamakula, mphamvu zawo zimawonjezeka.
Kukula
Zomera, ndibwino kusankha bwino malo abwino kapena mthunzi wofowoka. Cercis amakonda nthaka yamchere yamchere ndi laimu, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akukhala bwino. Zomera zazing'ono zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo. Amayesa kumaliza kufalikira m'chaka choyamba, popeza mizu imazama kwambiri ndipo ndizosavuta kuwonongeka mtsogolo. Mitengo yaying'ono imapereka kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri pazaka zoyambira 3-4 za moyo. Ndipo chaka choyamba ndi chachiwiri, mphukira pansi nthawi zambiri imawuma. Izi siziyenera kukhala nkhawa.
Pakutha kwa chaka chachitatu, mphukira zosalekeza zimangokhala 20 cm kuchokera pansi, koma patatha zaka ziwiri chomeracho chimatha kutalika mpaka 1-1,5 m kutalika.
Cercis ili ndi mizu yotukuka kwambiri. Imalowa pansi kwambiri ndi 2 m, ndipo mosinthasintha mpaka mamita 8. Chifukwa cha izi, chomera chimalandira zinthu zonse zofunika ndi madzi. Sichifunika kuthirira ndi feteleza nthawi zonse. Ndi munthawi yotentha kwambiri komanso youma pomwe ma tsertis amafunikira kuthirira. Mitengo ndi tchire ndizopanda matenda ndipo sizimadwala tizirombo. Aphid angavutike nthawi zina, pomwe mankhwala atithandiza kupewetsa.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Mitengo yamaluwa iyi imalimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zokongoletsera zamaimidwe m'minda kapena paki. Ndikofunika kusungabe mtunda woyenera m'mabzalidwe kuti mizu ndi nthambi zimere momasuka. Chomera chimawoneka bwino poyerekeza ndi maziko a conifers. Mitundu ya Shrub ndiyoyenera kupanga mipanda. Chifukwa chamaluwa ambiri, ndi msika wabwino wa uchi. Masamba a Cercis ali ndi ma flavonoids opindulitsa omwe amathandiza kulimbana ndi chifuwa chachikulu.
