Tsabola yokoma! Ndani sanamve kukoma kwake pamilomo? Osati wokoma, okoma, okwatira, kapena okhwima odzaza-ofewa. Bzalani mtengo uwu, ndipo kukoma kwa yamatcheri sikudzakhalanso chinthu chakale.
Kuti chitumbuwa chokoma chitisangalatse ndi zokolola zabwino ndikukhala bwino, muyenera kumaliza mfundo zitatu zochepa: sankhani malo abwino, onetsetsani kuti mumagula mbande m'minda kapena m'misika yapadera, kubzala zipatso zamatcheri zabwino zimapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Kukonzekera chodzala yamatcheri
Kodi ndi zofunikira zotani kuti nthaka ikhale yotsika?
Nthakakumene kubzala kukonzedweratu, ayenera kukhala chonde, ndi zophweka kupyola mpweya, ndiko kuti, zovuta, komanso kutulutsa chinyezi ndikukhala ndi chinyezi. Dothi, makamaka mchenga kapena loamy.
Zakudya zamakiti sizilangizidwa kuti zibzala pa dongo lolemera kapena dothi la peaty, ndipo, ndithudi, pa miyala yamtengo wapatali. Iye kulola madzi ochulukirapo ngakhale kwa kanthawi kochepa komanso kovuta kwambiri kwa chinyezi. Pazifukwa izi, chitumbuwa sichidabzalidwe m'malo omwe pansi pa madzi ali pansi.
M'munda, pollination mtanda wa yamatcheri okoma, akulangizidwa kubzala osachepera 2-3 mitundu. Cherries amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino oyandikana nawo chifukwa amamera pachimake pamodzi ndi yamatcheri.
Tsopano konzekerani nthaka yobzala
Tsabola yamtengo wapatali imatengedwa ngati mtengo wamtengo wapatali kwambiri, makamaka umakhudzidwa ndi mkhalidwe wa dothi, ayenera ndithu kuti uli ndi chonde. Choncho, musanadzalemo munda watsopano, nthaka ndi khalidwe lake zili bwino. M'dziko kumene yamatcheri amatchera amakula, kuwonjezera pa kukumba, feteleza zimayambitsidwa, zonse organic ndi mchere:
- Manyowa, kompositi kapena manyowa ovunda (10-15 makilogalamu pa m2).
- Mchere wamchere - phosphorous (15-20 g Per2) ndi potaziyamu (20-25 g. Per m2).
- Kuchuluka kwa laimu kumatengera mawonekedwe a nthaka ndi mlingo wa acidity yawo. Mwachitsanzo, pa loam kuwala kupanga pafupifupi magalamu 500. pa m2, ndi pa nthaka yolemetsa, ndi nthaka ya acidity yochepa kuposa 4.5, m'pofunika kuwirikiza mlingo, pafupifupi 900 g wa laimu pa m2.
Koma ngati m'tsogolomu munda chernozems, ndiye kuchuluka kwa ntchito kompositi ndi potashi feteleza ndi pang'onopang'ono, pamene phosphorous feteleza m'malo moonjezera 25 magalamu. pa m2.
Chaka chimodzi musanabzala munda wa chitumbuwa, dothi silinakhazikitsidwe, ndiko kuti, lili mu dera lakuda. Koma pa kukula nyengo namsongole amachotsedwa. Chaka chotsatira, chiwerengero cha bwalo la thunthu chikuwonjezeka kufika mita imodzi, chaka chimodzi chimawonjezeka ndi theka la mita. Gawoli likusungidwa mwa mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri, opanda namsongole, komanso opangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri.
Musaiwale za feteleza
Kotero monga chitumbuwa chokoma chimayamba kuphulika kumayambiriro ndi kubala chipatso, ndizofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale kupezeka kwakukulu kwa malo osungira zakudya padziko lapansi. Iwo amabwereranso m'dzinja, nthawi imodzi amagwiritsira ntchito organic ndi mineral feteleza, kuchuluka kwawo kumakhazikitsidwa atatenga nthaka ndikuyesa kufufuza.
Odziwa bwino wamaluwa amalimbikitsanso feteleza 20 cm mozama. Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza youma, akhoza kupereka zotsatira zoipa. M'madera ndi nyengo yoopsa, Mchere wamchere amayamba kusungunuka m'madzi, ndipo pokhapokha zimathandiza kuti pakhale zowonjezereka kwambiri zowonjezera mizu.
Njira yothetsera feteleza ya mchere siimayikidwa pansi pa mtengo wa mtengo, ndikutaya nthawi, chifukwa mizu yomwe ilipo sichigwira zinthu zonse zothandiza.
Pofuna kukopa njuchi ndikukulitsa mtundu wa maluwa ndi pollination, m'mawa mukhoza kutsanulira mitengo yamatcheri ndi mchere sulfate yankho. Pakati pa maluwa, yamatcheri akhoza kukhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, choncho amalimbikitsa kupopera mbewuzo korona ndi njira yapadera yothandizira mapangidwe a mazira, kapena kuti madzi osadziwika, omwe amawonjezera kukana kwa maluwa.
Chiyenera kukhala kukula kwa dzenje
Tikufika iwo amayamba kukumba dzenje pasadakhale, 3-4 miyezi isanafike isanakwane. Kutalika kwa dzenje kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 80, ndi kuya kwa pafupifupi masentimita 60.
Pansi pa dzenje amamasulidwa, zidebe ziwiri za humus zimagona, zowakanizika ndi dothi la pamwamba, ndipo zimatsalira kwa kanthawi. Pamene kasupe kubzala Magalamu 400 a superphosphate akuwonjezeredwa ku dzenje lakudzala., Magalamu 100 a sodium sulphate, kapena 1 makilogalamu a phulusa, ndipo zonsezi zimaphatikizidwa bwino.
Manyowa amapangidwa mopitirira malire, yamatcheri samasowa zochuluka zedi. Ndipotu, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kungapangitse kupanga mapangidwe amphamvu, omwe nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kukonzekera kumapeto kwa nyengo yokula.
Kukonzekera mmera chifukwa chodzala
Amagula ndi kubzala, nthawi zambiri, ma saplings pachaka, nthawi zambiri amamera zaka ziwiri.
Mzu wa mbande zokoma za chitumbuwa ziyenera kufufuzidwa mosamala, misonzi yamphamvu yomwe ilipoyo ndi kuwonongeka kwa mizu imadulidwa ndi mpeni. Ndizovuta kwambiri kulola kuyanika kwa mizu paulendo, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri momwe mitengo idzayambira mofulumira. Koma ngati mizu ikadali yowuma, imadumphira m'madzi kwa maola 6-7.
Nthawi zina, kuti mutengere bwino mizu ndi nthaka, kotero kuti chitumbuwa chimapangidwira mofulumira, mizu yophika mu chisakanizo cha dongo kapena chernozem ndi mullein.
Zakudya zamakono zomwe zimabzala zimakhala pamtunda ndi mizu yokhala ndi phulusa, dziko lapansi liyenera kugwedezeka nthawi zonse, kotero kuti lidzazaza zonse pakati pa mizu. Chidebe cha madzi chimatsanulidwira mkati ndipo chitumbuwa chimatsanuliridwa ndi dziko lapansi otsala pamwamba pa dzenje. Ndikoyenera kupondaponda pansi, kenaka pangani dzenje ndikuwatsanulira ndi ndowa ina. Anabzala mtengo womangirizidwa ku kholandipo nthaka yozungulira dzenje iyenera kukhala yodzaza ndi peat kapena humus.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga zakumapeto kwa mitundu yamatcheri okoma.
Cherry mmera kubzala
Ndikadzala liti?
Zabwino kwambiri lokoma chitumbuwa chodzala kumayambiriro kwa masika, musanayambe kuyambira kwa impso. Bzalani pasanafike dzenje, ngakhale kugwa, ndi kuwonjezera mchere ndi organic feteleza.
Ngati, komabe, chitumbuwacho chinabzalidwa pamene masamba anayamba kuphuka, ndiye mtengo womwe unabzalidwa uli ndi mwayi wokula bwino, ndipo mitengo yotere imakhudzidwa ndi matenda nthawi zambiri kuposa omwe anabzala panthawi.
Kudyetsa yamatcheri mu kugwa sikuvomerezedwa, popeza pali ngozi yozizira kwambiri pachaka, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amatha kufika mita imodzi kapena kupitilira mitengo imodzi ndi ziwiri.
Ponena za kuya kwake
Cherries sakonda kwambiri kubzala: Muzu wa mizu (kapena mzere umene umayenda pakati pa mizu ndi thunthu) ukhale pansi pamtunda mutatha kuthirira. Pakulima, mitengo imakulira ndi masentimita asanu, kotero dziko liri ndi chizoloŵezi chokhazikika.
Molimba Kuyala mozama ndi kolakwika pa chitukuko cha mizu, koma, ndi kubzala kwakung'ono kwa yamatcheri amachititsa kuti mizu ikhale yoipa, m'chilimwe imatha, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira imamasula. Pamene kulima kosavuta, mizu ikadula ingathe kuonongeka, ndipo mbande zimakhala zosasunthika ndipo zimakhala zokhala ndi malo ogona.
Chomera feteleza mutabzala
Ndikofunika kutsata ndondomekoyi. Mlingo wapamwamba wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni ukhoza kuyambitsa nthambi kugunda, zilonda ku thunthu ndi nthambi, ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo kawirikawiri.
Kuti mudziwe ngati chitumbuwa chokoma chikufuna feteleza yamchere, imayang'anitsitsa momwe mphukira ikukula msanga fruiting isanayambike. Mwachitsanzo, kumapeto kwa nthambi zazikulu, mphukira zatsopano ndi zina zambiri zinapangidwa; feteleza sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma, ngati ziri zofanana, nambala yawo ndi kutalika ndizochepa, ndiye fetereza imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nayitrogeni. Potash ndi feteleza phosphate zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chotsatira mutabzala.
Pa nyengo yokula, feteleza zokhala ndi feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mopanda malire, chifukwa ntchito yawo imakhala yogwira ntchito pamodzi ndi feteleza mchere kuti pakhale madzi abwino. Manyowa a feteleza amaloledwa kupanga chitumbuwa.
Mtengo wosamalira mutabzala
Kuthirira ndi kofunika kwambiri panthawi ino.
Cherry amavutika kupirira chilala, kusowa kwa chinyezi kumamukhudza. Amafuna kuthirira kwina, makamaka pa kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira. Kuthirira kwachisanu ndi chiwiri kumayesedwa kukhala wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa kasupe. Kuthirira usanafike nyengo yozizira kumakhudza nthaka ndi chinyezi.
Kuthirira yamatcheri kungagawidwe mu nthawi zitatu. Spring madzi musanayambe mphukiraUku ndiko kuthirira koyamba. Nthawi yachiwiri mu masiku 15-20, pamene mitengo imasiya kufalikira. Ndipo nthawi yotsiriza amatsanulira chitumbuwa chotsekemera masiku 20 isanayambe nthawi yakucha.
Pang'ono ponena za kudyetsa mtengo
Dyetsani mitengo yaying'ono 2-3 nthawi. Manyowa abwino kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kuvala pamwamba amalingaliridwa kuti akuchepetsedwa slurry, 1 tbsp ya madzi amawonjezeredwa kwa chidebe chimodzi. supuni yovuta feteleza.
Amadyetsa chitumbuwa kawiri, mu Meyi ndi June, ndipo mitengo ndi yoposa zaka zitatu - 3-4 nthawi. Zipatso zonse zikadula mtengo, nitrogen feteleza ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito. M'chaka muzipanga urea.
Chida chabwino kwambiri chodyetsera mitengo ndi phulusa.
Timateteza chitumbuwa chokoma
Vuto lalikulu la chitumbuwa chokoma, ukalamba, ndiko kuphulika kwa zipatso. Mu ming'alu yomwe imayamba panthawi ya chilala ndi mvula yambiri, nkhungu imayamba, ndipo chipatso chimabvunda. Njira yothandiza kwambiri kulimbana ndi kumanga denga pamundakoma ndi okwera mtengo.
Makherisi ayenera kutetezedwa ku mbalame, owopsa kwambiri kwa adani ake, chifukwa amadya chipatso chonsecho. Mbalame zimawopa ndi njira zamakono ndi zamakina.
Ndipo kuteteza mtengo kuti ugwedeze thunthu, m'dzinja ndi kasupe zimabweretsa kuyamwa kwa mandimu.
