Ambiri wamaluwa chaka chilichonse amamera mosiyana kwambiri ndi kabichi. Ena amakonda mtundu, wachiwiri - wofiira, wachitatu - Beijing, wachinayi - woyera. White kabichi Megaton f1 yakula ndi nyengo za chilimwe kwa zaka zoposa 20 m'madera a dziko lathu, kuyambira mmbuyo mu 1996 izo zidaphatikizidwa mu zolembera za boma. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za makhalidwe a Megaton kabichi, phunzirani momwe mungakulire komanso momwe mungasamalirire.
Makhalidwe ndi zizindikiro
Mitundu ya kabichi iyi inalengedwa ndi obereketsa achi Dutch kuchokera ku bungwe la "Bejo Zaden". Megaton ndi nyengo yapakatikati, nyengo imatha kusonkhanitsa pa 140-160 tsiku mutatha. N'zotheka kulima masambawa pafupifupi gawo lililonse la dziko lathu, popeza nyengo sizikulepheretsa izi. Masamba a kabichi zosiyanasiyana ndi aakulu kwambiri. Iwo ali ochepa, oval in shape, ndi yokutidwa pang'ono sera. Masambawa amajambula mu utoto wobiriwira (zophimba zili mumdima wobiriwira). Zipatso zowonjezera zimafika kukula kwakukulu, kulemera kwake kwa kabichi kungakhale kuchokera 3 mpaka 4 kg (pali milandu pamene, mosamala, pali zochitika mpaka 12 kg). Megaton imatengedwa kuti ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi kabichi (zokolola zambiri pa hekitala ndi 650-850).
Mukudziwa? Anthu Aiguputo, m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi khumi ndi chimodzi BC, anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito kabichi kuti adye.Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndi yochuluka kwambiri mu ascorbic acid (vitamini C). Monga mbali ya masamba, pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya zinthu zowuma zimakhala ndi vitamini C. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi imakhala ndi kukoma kokoma ndi kununkhiza, ndipo kwa iwo amene amakonda kupunduka, nthawi zambiri amakhala godsend.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa haibridi
Mofanana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa ndiwo zamasamba, hybrid iyi ili ndi ubwino wake. Koma n'zosangalatsa kuti makhalidwe abwino ndi oposa kwambiri.
Zotsatira
Mbali zabwino za wosakanizidwa ali:
- Kuchepa kwake kwa phesi poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa mutu wokha.
- Kukoma kwakukulu.
- Kukaniza kusintha kwa nyengo kulikonse.
- Mitu ya mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri (yabwino kwa zotumiza nthawi yaitali).
- Kuthamanga kwa matenda ena.
Wotsutsa
Mitundu yambiri ya kabichi yoyera ikhoza kusungidwa kwa miyezi itatu kapena 6 (malinga ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito yosungirako). Komabe, Megaton imatha miyezi isanu ndi itatu, ndipo izi ndizovuta koyambirira. Kachiwiri kochepa sikofunika kwambiri (ena akhoza kuigwiritsa ntchito mosavuta): kukhwima kwa masamba a mbewu zatsopano.
Kusankha malo
Malo osankhidwa bwino oti mubzala adzakuthandizira kuti mu miyezi 3.5-4.5 mudzatha kukolola mbewu yaikulu.
Kuunikira
Izi zosiyanasiyana kabichi salola dzuwa lotentha, koma mthunzi wosatha sudzabweretsa zabwino. Optimal mikhalidwe angalengedwe ngati aliyense 3-4 mizere kabichi anabzala sunflowers kapena chimanga. Mitengo iyi idzapanga mthunzi wagawo wofunikira ku Megaton. Koma chodzala kabichi pafupi ndi masamba obiriwira sayenera kukhala, monga osakwanira kuchuluka kwa kuyatsa, chinyezi ndi zakudya zidzatsogolera kuti zokolola zidzagwa ndi 2-3 nthawi.
Nthaka
Kabichi ya Megaton imafuna nthaka yomwe ili ndi madzi abwino ndi mpweya wabwino. Dothi losavuta siloyenera kutero, monga chomera chingadwale ndi keel. Njira yosankhidwa ikhoza kukhala yolima kapena loda. Ngati dothi la webusaiti yanu lili ndi acidity yambiri, ndiye musanayambe kubzala ziyenera kukhala magetsi pang'ono kuti zisokoneze chilengedwe. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti malo omwe nthawi zonse amasefukira chifukwa cha mvula kawirikawiri ndi yoyipa chifukwa chodzala masamba awa, chifukwa nthaka ili ndi chinyezi. 
Oyambirira
Ndikofunika kusankha malo oterewa, komwe kale, kwa zaka 3-4, osati kukula Mitambo ya cruciferous (radishes, kabichi, turnips, etc.) Chowonadi ndi chakuti mtundu wina wa zomera umayambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwewo, ndipo mmalo mwa kukula kwawo tizilombo tizilombo timene timaphatikizapo zaka zambiri. Choncho Megaton bwino kubzala pamalo amenewo, kumene kale ankakula mbatata, tomato kapena kaloti. Chaka chotsatira, malo otsetsereka ayenera kusinthidwa kachiwiri, kotero mutachepetse chiopsezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana mumtundu uwu. 
Malo okonzekera
Konzekerani chiwembu chodzala chikufunikira hybrid kuyamba m'dzinja. Nthaka iyenera kusungidwa mosamala, ndikuchotsa udzu wonse, mizu, miyala ndi zinyalala. Kabichi zosiyanasiyana amakonda kudya bwino, choncho muyenera kupanga feteleza musanayambe nyengo yozizira. Zomwe zinachitikira wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuti abweretse mu nthaka zowola manyowa kapena humus, omwe ali abwino kukula zopatsa mphamvu Megaton. Humus iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo wa 10-12 makilogalamu pa lalikulu lalikulu mita.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukubzala Megaton kabichi m'nthaka ndi acidity mkulu, zokolola zidzatsika ndi 20-30%.Kuwonjezera pa feteleza organic, superphosphates (30 g / m²) ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaka. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ngati muli ndi dothi la acidic pamtengowo, ndiye kuti kukonzekera kwa m'dzinja, laimu, phulusa kapena ufa wa dolomite ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Mu mawonekedwe awa, ndi feteleza onse, chiwembucho chimasiyidwa m'nyengo yozizira. M'chaka, masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu (10-14) musanadzale wosakanizidwa, dothi lilinso digged ndi potaziyamu sulphate ndi urea ndiwonjezeredwa pa mlingo wa 40 g / m². Kabala kabichi kawirikawiri imabzalidwa ngati mbande, kotero musanayambe kutseguka, muyenera kukonzekera mbeu ndikuyimera bwino.
Mbewu yokonzekera musanadzalemo
Mbande imakula mu greenhouses, greenhouses kapena matanki apadera, omwe ayenera kuikidwa kunyumba pawindo. Mbeu zoyamba kusakanizidwa ziyenera kuumitsa kuti asapewe chiopsezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana a tizilombo. Choyamba, mbewu zimatenthedwa m'madzi ofunda (50 ° C) kwa mphindi 20, kenaka muike madzi otentha otentha kwa mphindi 4-6. Pambuyo pake, nyembazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zopatsa chidwi, zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi malangizidwe (gwiritsani ntchito molingana ndi malangizo). Biostimulants ndi osiyana, koma otchuka kwambiri ndi: Appin, Zircon, Silk, ndi zina zotero.
Kukula mbande
Pofuna kukula mbande zabwino, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena obzala ndi kusamalira. Nzeru yoyendetsera nthawi ndi kubzala mbewu ndizofunikira kuti bizinesi ikhale yabwino. 
Malamulo ofesa
Kumpoto kwa dziko lathu, kabichi ya Megaton imayenera kufesedwa pa mbande pakati pa mwezi wa April, ndi kuyembekezera kuti akuyenda pansi pa thambo lotseguka zidzachitika m'chilimwe. Kum'mwera madera a Russia ndi Ukraine, mbewuzo zimabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, pamene kutentha kwa kunja kwakhala kale pamsewu. Kumadera kumene nyengo imatha kutentha, n'zotheka kubzala mbewu zosakanizidwa kumayambiriro a February kuti apange mbande zazing'ono kumalo osatha mu April.
Mphamvu ndi nthaka ya mbande
Chomera mbewu za kabichi N'zotheka kwambiri, greenhouses, greenhouses, peat makapu kapena makaseti muli. Ena wamaluwa amasankha makapu a peat, monga momwe mizu ya mbewu imakhalira bwino, motero, pakuika ku malo osatha mbewuyo idzakhala yosavuta kumera. Komabe, gawo lina la wamaluwa amalengeza kuti makasitomala amatha kukhala abwino, chifukwa mwa iwo ndi bwino kwambiri kusamalira mbewu ndikuziwombera. Njira zowonjezera kutentha kwa mbande zidzakwaniritsa anthu omwe adzalima Megaton, chifukwa padzakhala mbande zambiri mmadera ambiri kusiyana ndi makapu ang'onoang'ono kapena makaseti. Koma choyamba, wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha amafunika kumangidwanso ndipo zofunikira zonse za mbande (kutentha, chinyezi, mpweya wabwino, etc.) ziyenera kulengedwa mmenemo.
Mukudziwa? M'gawo la Russia masiku ano, kabichi idakula m'zaka za zana la makumi asanu ndi limodzi.Dothi la mbande mukhoza kuphika nokha. Izi zidzafuna peat, zomwe zidzakhala mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa nthaka ya mbande ya kabichi, monga momwe madzi ndi mpweya zimayendera. Ngati muli ndi pepala ya lowland, ndiye pa kilogalamu iliyonse ya nthakayi muyenera kupanga pafupifupi 330 g wa utuchi. Kenaka sungani chisakanizo kwa maola awiri ndikuwonjezera nitrogen feteleza monga ammonium nitrate kapena urea (50 g / 10 kg ndi 20-25 g / 10 makilogalamu). Kuti bwino kumera kwa mbande m'nthaka kusakaniza, uyeneranso kupanga 50 g / 10 makilogalamu a zokometsera pamwamba, 400 g / 10 makilogalamu a ufa wa dolomite ndi 1 chikho / 10 makilogalamu a phulusa.
Kufesa mbewu: chitsanzo ndi kuya
Pali njira zambiri zobzala mbewu za kabichi. Ena amafesa mbewu ndi mapulani apadera, kuphimba pamwamba ndi masentimita awiri masentimita a pansi, ndiyeno, pambuyo pa kukwera mbande zoyamba, zikanizeni. Wachiwiri apangenso mabowo osiyanasiyana, kotero kuti kuchepetsa mbande sikofunikira.
Ngati mutabzala mbewu m'makaseti kapena makapu, ndiye kuti nthaka ikhale madzi. Kuthirira n'kofunikira mpaka kufikira madzi atadzazidwa nthaka yonse, ndiye kuti dothi linyontho silofunika kufikira mbande zoyamba. Pambuyo kuthirira madzi ambiri, muyenera kupanga mabowo 1.5-2 masentimita. Ngati mmera umodzi umapezeka kuchokera ku dzenje limodzi, ndiye kuti timachoka chimodzi (chachikulu kwambiri), ndipo timachotsa zonse. Ndikofunikira kuti thupi likhale lopanda dzuwa kuti ziphuphu zonse zikhale ndi 2x2 cm.
Onaninso magrotechnics yakukula mitundu ina ya kabichi: wofiira kabichi, broccoli, savoy, kohlrabi, Brussels, Beijing, kolifulawa, Chinese pak choi, kale.
Kumera zinthu
Ndondomeko yoyenera yobzala kabichi Megaton siofunikira kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino, kotero Mbande imapanga mizu yamphamvu Ndondomeko, ndizofunikira kukhala ndi malo apadera oyenera kumera. Choyamba, muyenera kugula nyali yapadera ya fulorosenti, yomwe imayenera kuwonetsera mbewu za maola 14-16 patsiku. Muyeneranso kukhazikitsa zida zina za kutentha mpaka dzuwa litayamba. Kutentha kwadzidzidzi kumathamanga mbande ndikuthandizira kupulumuka bwino kwa mbewu mmalo osatha. Masana, kutentha kuzungulira mbewu ziyenera kukhala pamtunda wa 18-20 ° С, usiku - + 12-15 ° С. 
Kutuluka kwa dzuwa
Pamene woyamba sunrises mbande kuonekera, onetsetsani kuti mupuma bwino malo. Ambiri amaluwa amati, chipinda chowotcha mpweya chimathandiza kulimbitsa pamwamba ndi pansi pa kabichi Megaton. Musaiwale kuyang'anitsitsa kutentha ndi kuyatsa kokwanira. Kuthirira kumachitika masiku awiri ndi awiri ndi madzi ofunda otentha. Kamodzi pa masiku 8 mpaka 10, makina ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono a manganese ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku madzi kuti akuwetsere kuti athandize kukula ndikuonjezeretsanso momwe mbewuzo zimatetezera.
Mbande zokometsera
Kuthira kwa mbande kuyenera kuchitika kokha pamene mbande zili Masamba okwana atatu anapangidwa. Ndikofunika kuika mbande m'magawo osiyana (mtunda pakati pa mbande uyenera kukhala osachepera 3 cm mumzere ndi pakati pa mizere). Koma ndibwino kuti mutsegulire mbande kuti mukhale makapu osiyana, omwe aziika nawo pamalo osatha. Mukamayenda pamadzi, muyenera kusunga lamulo ili: chomera chochepa pamodzi ndi clod ya dziko chimachokera ku kaseti, mzuwu wafupikitsidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, ndiye chomeracho chimaikidwa ndi kuthirira pang'ono. Mbewu iliyonse imayenera kuikidwa m'manda pamaso pa masamba oyambirira a cotyledon. 
Mbeu zovuta
Kuti mbande ikhale mizu bwino pa malo okhwima kukula, iyenera kuumitsa milungu 2-3 asanaikidwe. Choyamba, mbande ziyenera kukhala nthawi zonse dzuwa (tsiku lirilonse kwa maola 2-3, pang'onopang'ono liwonjezere nthawi yeniyeni). Masiku 2-3 asanapite kumalo osatha, mbande ziyenera kusiya pansi pa dzuwa tsiku lonse.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati masiku asanu ndi limodzi (8-10) asanalowe m'malo osatha, mizu ya mbande imachepetsedwa pang'ono, ndiye kuti phindu la moyo wa Megaton kabichi likhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 30-40%.Ndiponso, masiku 15-20 musanayambe kufunika zosowa pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa mlingo wa kuthirira mbandeApo ayi, mutangofika pamalo okhazikika, ikhoza kugwirizanitsa. Asanaikidwe, mbande zimayenera kudyetsedwa bwino ndi potashi, nayitrogeni ndi feteleza phosphate. Kuchita izi, 10 g wa feteleza a nitrojeni (urea, ammonium nitrate), 60 g wa feteleza a potashi ndi 40 g ya superphosphate amadzipiritsika mu 10 malita a madzi. Zowonjezera zoterezi zimathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga kabichi yamadzimadzi, yomwe idzakhudza kusintha kwazimenezi. Komanso, mochedwa kudyetsa mbande kuwonjezera zokolola za wamkulu zomera 15-30%.
Kuwaza mbande kumalo osatha
Nthaŵi yeniyeni ya kuikapo ndi ndondomeko yoyenera - chinsinsi cha kupambana kukula kwa Megaton kabichi. Kufika masiku a zigawo zonse za dziko lathu kudzakhala kosiyana, monga tidzakambirana pansipa.
Nthawi
Kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino takhala tikukamba za nthawi yofesa mbewu za mzaka zapakati pa nyengoyi. Pa gawo lililonse la dziko lathu Nthawi zolowera zimasiyana kwambiriMomwemo, nthawi yowonjezera pamalo otseguka idzakhala yosiyana. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi lamulo limodzi kuti ndi kofunika kuti muzitha kuika mbande za kabichi pansi pa thambo lakuya pamene zafika kutalika kwa masentimita 15, ndipo muli kale osachepera 4 masamba otsala. M'katikati mwa dzikoli, mbande za pakati pa nyengo kabichi zimabzalidwa poyera kumayambiriro mpaka m'ma May, kumpoto - kumapeto kwa May, kum'mwera - m'ma April.
Njira ndi ndondomeko
Kubzala kwa mbande imodzi ya kabichi kumachitika pa nthaka isanafike. Pitani kukumba pamtunda wa 50-60 masentimita, mtunda wa pakati pa mizera ukhale pafupi theka la mita. Kuzama mbande kumafunika ku pepala loyamba, koma palibe chifukwa cholikha ndi dziko lapansi. Pambuyo pa mbande zonse zimaikidwa, ziyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka (madzi kuti nthaka isachepe 20 cm yodzaza ndi madzi).
Mukudziwa? Masamba a kabichi amathandiza kuchotsa "zoipa" cholesterol, choncho ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito hypertensive.Pamene kuziika musayese kuwononga mizu ya mbande. Musanadzalemo, mizu iyenera kuloledwa mu mullein, ndibwino kuti yonjezerani feteleza feteleza kwabwino. Ndikofunika kudzala mbande mumtambo, kuti usabzalidwe. Nthaka pafupi ndi mmera imayenera kupondaponda pang'ono.
Kusamalira bwino - chinsinsi chokolola chabwino
Ngati mukufuna kupeza zokolola zabwino ndi zapamwamba, kenaka kwa kabichi ya Megaton, padzafunika chisamaliro choyenera, choyenera kuthirira nthawi, kuchepetsa, kutsegula, feteleza, ndi zina zotero.
Kuthirira, kupalira ndi kumasula
Kuthirira mbande zowonjezedwa posachedwa ziyenera kuchitika masiku awiri alionse (ngati nyengo ikuwotha) kapena masiku asanu ndi limodzi (6 ngati nyengo ili mitambo). Madzi ndi kabichi Chofunika kwambiri madzulo kapena m'mawapamene palibe dzuwa lotentha. Pambuyo maola 5-6 pambuyo kuthirira, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa kuti itetewe maonekedwe a madzi otentha. Samasulani nthaka mozama kuposa 5-7 masentimita, kuti musawononge mizu ya zomera. 
Kupalira kumayenera kuchitika pokhapokha kuzungulira kabichi limakula "chishango" namsongole 5-7 masentimita ataliatali Ngati namsongole amakula, mizu yake idzakhala yozama m'nthaka, ndipo zidzakhala zovuta kuti udzu udzuke, chifukwa padzakhala pangozi yowononga mizu ya kabichi. Pambuyo poyeretsa ndi kupalira, nthaka yozungulira Megaton iyenera kukhala yodetsedwa ndi peat kapena humus (kusanjikiza koyenera sikuyenera kupitirira 5 masentimita).
Maluwa okwera
Kakhasi kabichi imathandiza kulimbitsa mizu ya mbewu, komanso imathandiza kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwino komanso yochuluka. Hilling idafunikakuyendetsa galimoto pambuyo pamitu yaing'ono yapanga mu kabichi. Ndi bwino kupota mvula pambuyo pa mvula kapena kuthirira kwambiri, mutachotsa masamba apansi (pansi pano). Pakuyenda pakati pa mizere ya mbewu ayenera kuwaza ndi phulusa lodulidwa. Kukwera kwachiwiri kumakwaniritsidwa 2-3 masabata pambuyo pa kutha kwa oyamba. 
Kupaka pamwamba
Pambuyo pa kabichi kabzalidwa pamalo osatha, iyenera kudyetsedwa nthawi zina. Pamene masamba oyambirira anayamba kupanga, Megaton ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza osakaniza. M'pofunika 10 malita a madzi kuti azichepetsa 10 g wa ammonium nitrate. Njirayi ndi yokwanira 5-6 zomera. Zidzakhala bwino ngati mbewu iliyonse ikwanire 2 malita a pamwambapa osakaniza.
Ndikofunikira! Madontho 40 a ayodini pa 10 malita a madzi amathandiza kabichi kuti muteteze motsutsana ndi tizirombo (ku chitsamba chilichonse muyenera kutsanulira mu 0,5 malita a yankho).Mukayamba kupanga mutu wa kabichi, muyenera kudyetsa kachiwiri komanso nthawi yomaliza. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupeza yankho, lomwe liri ndi malita 10 a madzi, 5 g ya double superphosphate, 4 g wa urea ndi 8 g wa potaziyamu sulphate. Chomera chilichonse chimafuna 2-2.5 malita a osakaniza. Pambuyo pake, pamene mutu wapangidwira, sikoyenera kudyetsa, makamaka ndi mitsuko ya nayitrogeni. Zonse zomwe zingakhoze kuchitidwa ndi kuwaza nthaka ndi tsamba mulch kapena humus.
Kukolola
Kukolola kumayamba panthawi yomwe kutentha kwa usiku kumadutsa ku -2 ° C. Chinthu chachikulu sichiphonya nthawiyi, mwinamwake simungathe kusunga makayila kwa nthawi yaitali. Kukumba kabichi zitsamba pamodzi ndi mizu. Mitu yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya mwamsanga, chifukwa sichidzatha. Zonse zokolola, zomwe zimadziwika ndi maonekedwe abwino ndi kukula kwakukulu, zingasinthidwe kuti zisungidwe. Asanayambe kugona kabbages kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako, amafunika kusungidwa kwa tsiku limodzi mlengalenga. Pambuyo pake, dulani mizu (koma tisiyeni mapepala 4-5). 
Mbewu imasungidwa kutentha kwa + 4-5 ° С (ndi kotheka pa -1 ° С). Chinyezi mu chipinda chosungirako ayenera kukhala pafupi 90 mpaka 90%. Sungani cabbages mu chipinda ndi mpweya wabwino. Kabichi imayikidwa mumabokosi a matabwa kapena kuyimitsidwa pa chingwe chopanda. Ndikofunika kusunga kabbaji mufiriji mu matumba apulasitiki, koma izi zifupikitsa moyo wake wathanzi ndi miyezi 1-1.5.
Chotsatira ndikufuna kuti tizindikire kuti kabichi ya Megaton ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya abalimi m'dziko lathu. Zokolola zabwino ndi kudzichepetsa mu chisamaliro - zonse zomwe zimafunika kuti masiku ano azikhalamo. Ndipo ngati mwawerenga mosamala zonse zomwe mukubzala ndi kusamalira, mudzadabwa pamene mukukolola.
