Njira zazikulu ndi malamulo othandizira kufalikira kwa currant yakuda

Ngati pakufunika kubwezeretsa zitsamba zakale komanso zochepa zokhala ndi ana ochepa kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbewu pamalopo, mutha kuthana ndi ntchitoyi mosavuta. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera: chikhumbo chanu ndi chidziwitso cha njira zazikulu ndi malamulo a kubereka akuchulukitsa ndi mphukira zochepa kuchokera kuchitsamba, zomwe zimakukwanirani ndi zokolola zake, kukoma zipatso, kukana matenda ndi tizilombo.

Zomera kufalitsa zakuda currant

Njira zamasamba zakuphukira kwa blackcurrant zimapereka kupangidwa kwa chomera chatsopano kuchokera gawo la amayi ndipo ndizoyenera kwambiri kwa alimi ambiri. Ubwino wawo ndiwakuti mbewu zazing'ono zimasinthasintha mawonekedwe a makolo awo ndipo zimatenga mizu zatsopano.

Njira zingapo zachilengedwe zolerera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• kudula;
• magawo;
• kugawa chitsamba.

Njira iliyonse yotchulidwa ili ndi mawonekedwe ake, maubwino ndi zovuta zake.

Zodulidwa zodulidwa

Mwanjira imeneyi, mbande zingapo zolimba zimapezeka ku kholo limodzi. Kuchita bwino, kuchita bwino komanso kudalirika ndikofunikira kwambiri pakubala ndi olemekezeka odulidwa.

Kukolola lignified cuttings

1. Pangani masheya odulidwa bwino mu kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira. Pakatikati, ndikwanzeru kututa mbandeyi mukadulira mbewu.
2. Ndikofunikira kusankha nthambi yabwinobwino chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri yazifupi ndi 6 mm.
3. Ndi mpeni wakuthwa kapena secateurs, dulani nthambi, chotsani kumtunda, kenako ndikuduladuleni pafupifupi 20 cm. Pamwamba pa chogwiriracho, dulani molunjika masentimita 1 pamwamba pa impso. Oblique kudula kuchotsa gawo pansi pa impso.

Mphukira wokhala ndi lophimba limadulidwa kukhala mainchesi 20 kutalika kwake ndikudula molunjika kumtunda ndi kakhalidwe kakang'ono pansi pa impso yapansi

Tikufika

1. Madzulo obzala, ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa mphindi 15 kuti muyike zodula m'madzi ndi kutentha kwa 45 ^zaC chifukwa chakupha matenda.
2. Pobzala zodula, ndikofunikira kukonzekera mizere yopendekera pafupifupi 15 masentimita yokhala kuti kukumba ndi nthaka yonyowa.
3. Zomera zobzalidwa ndi chingwe 10-15 masentimita mosiyana, samalani ma 40-50 cm.
4. Dzazani ndi nthaka yachonde. Nthaka iyenera kukanikizidwa mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi odulidwa.
5. Ikani chodzala ndi peat crumb, humus wosanjikiza mpaka 5 cm (kuti muthe kuteteza chinyontho).
6. Pamwamba pamtunda kusiya masamba awiri. Chimodzi mwa izo chili pansi.

Zidula zodula zibzalidwe osabisalira, kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera. Izi zimapangitsa kuyatsa bwino kwa mizere.

Ntchito zina zamasamba

1. M'miyezi yotentha yobzala, muyenera kumasula udzu nthawi zonse ndikumasula nthaka.
2. Zikomo ziyenera kusungidwa m'malo onyowa. Mizu yodulidwa mizu ndi yofooka kwambiri, kotero ngakhale kuyimitsa kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kuvulaza mbewu.
3. Kuthira feteleza popanga masiku 10. Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni, kusakaniza umuna ndi ammonium nitrate (20-40 g pa 10 malita a madzi) ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein wokulira (gawo limodzi mullein pa 10 l ya madzi). Kuyambira Julayi, sinthani kudyetsa ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Phulusa lodzaza dzanja liyenera kudzazidwa ndi 1 lita imodzi ya madzi otentha ndikuumirira kwa sabata limodzi. Chifukwa cha kukonzekera uku kwa feteleza, zinthu zosungunulira zimachotsedwa mu phulusa, zomwe zimayamwa bwino ndi mbewu. Komanso, pa 1 lita imodzi ya kulowetsedwa, mutha kuwonjezera supuni 1 ya superphosphate.

Zidutswa zobzalidwa kasupe zimadzala mbande zolimba pofika nthawi yophukira. Amatha kusamutsa zimasunthazo mosavuta kumalo okhazikika.

Malangizo othandiza: Kubzala mutha kutsekedwa ndi kanema wakuda wokhala ndi mabowo odulidwa kuti adzidule. Kuphimba kwamafilimu kumateteza mbewu zazing'ono ku namsongole, kupulumutsa chinyezi ndikukulolani kuti muwunikire kukula kwa odulidwa.

Zodulidwa zobiriwira

Ngati kumayambiriro kwa kasupe simunakonzekere kudula, ndiye kuti mutha kubereka ndi nthambi zobiriwira.

Kututa zinthu

1. Kudula kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri ngati kukololedwa pamitambo, masiku ozizira, ndi mphukira zamasamba zomwe sizimaphwanya mukapindika.
2. Tsamba liyenera kukhala lalitali 20 cm ndi masamba 3-5. Masamba pansi kwambiri.
3. Magawo ayenera kukhala, monga kudula lignified - molunjika kumtunda ndi oblique pansi.

Masamba otsika obiriwira odulidwa bwino amawachotsa

Tikufika

1. Asanabzike, kudula kobiriwira kumalimbikitsidwa kuti kuyikidwe mchikuto chakukulira choyenera blackcurrant. Izi zimathandizira mapangidwe a mizu ndikuwonjezera kupulumuka.
2. Muyenera kubzala zodula muzosakaniza kompositi zowola ndi mchenga wamtsinje (1: 1). Kubzala kuya - 3 cm, mtunda pakati pa mbeu - 10-15 cm.

Chisamaliro

1. Maudzu obiriwira amafunikira chisamaliro chokwanira kuposa opunduka. Amalekerera bwino kusowa kwa chinyezi, kuphatikiza pa kuthirira, kubzala kumafunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse.
2. Kutentha kwabwino kwa mizu yoduladula ndi 25 ^zaC. Ndikofunika kuwaphimba ndi kanema yemwe angatetezere ku kuzizirira ndi kupereka kutentha. Kanemayo amayenera kukhala wopanda mathunzi pang'ono kuti dzuwa lowongoka lisadzagwe pa mbande. Kuti muchite izi, filimuyo imatha kuyeretsedwa kapena kuphimbidwa ndi nsalu yopepuka.
3. Mukadzala mizu (masabata awiri mutabzala), zodula sizifunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku.
4. Pa nthawi yonse yokhala ndi moyo, masamba a masamba azikhala obiriwira komanso zipatso.
5. Pakadutsa milungu pafupifupi inayi, filimuyi pamwamba pa mbewuzo imatha kuchotsedwa. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi pang'onopang'ono, woyamba kutsegula mbande kwa maola angapo masana.
6. Pambuyo kuzula zodula, iwo umuna ndi umuna (1 tsp. Kuti 5 l madzi). Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti kamodzi pa masiku 10.
7. Chotsatira chotsatira, mmera umasinthidwa kupita kumalo okhazikika.

Apical odulidwa

Ngati pali kupanda chodzala, ndiye kuti mukubzala ma currants, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zapamwamba za nthambi. Chiwerengero cha kupulumuka kwa kudulidwa kotereku sikocheperako komanso chobiriwira. Zimakhala zopanda pake, zimatha kufa zikauma. Njira yosamalira zodulidwa zodabwiza ndizofanana ndi zobiriwira.

Ngati zodulidwa zimazika pamalo otentha, ndiye kuti pambuyo pake adzabzala zitsamba zomwe zimapereka zokolola zochuluka kuposa mbande zomwe zimamera mumthunzi. Ndipo zipatso za tchire zoterezi ndizotsekemera kwambiri.

Kufalikira kwa mbewu pang'onopang'ono

Iyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yodalirika yopezera mbande zabwino kuchokera kuchitsamba chomwe mwasankha. Pafupifupi 100% kupulumuka ndi chisamaliro chocheperako ndizabwino zazikuluzikulu za njira yofalitsira poyambira. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zinayi:

• arcuate layering;
• yopingasa yopingasa;
• kukhazikika pamzere
• kugawa kwamlengalenga.

Fikani

Njira yoberekera arcuate layering ndi motere:

1. Sankhani nthambi ziwiri zakubadwa zomwe zikukula kuyambira pachitsamba.
2. Lambulani pansi mphukirazo pansi ndikuyika malo omwe prikop idzapangidwire. Ndipo ikani chizindikiro pothawa, chomwe chidzakumbidwa.
3. Dziko lapansi limasulidwa mosamala ndi wowaza. Kumbani dzenje lakuya masentimita 10.
4. Ndibwino kuti mukumanga nthambi pansi. Zitha kupangidwa ndi waya kapena mfundo za mtengo.
5. Pogwiritsa ntchito fayilo kapena jigsaw, amakwatula mbali zam'munsi za mphukira m'malo kuti akumbidwe. Izi zimathandizira kuzika kwamizu.
6. Ikani nthambi yokonzedwa mu dzenje ndikuyikinya ndi zibowo zakonzedwa. Gawo la mphukira liyenera kukhala lalitali pafupifupi 30 cm pamtunda.
7. Mangani nsonga ya mphukira ndi zikhomo zazing'ono zisanu ndi zitatu kapena zazing'ono.
8. Amadzaza malo a prikop ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi humus.
9. Madzi.
10. Mulch kusunga chinyezi.

M'nyengo yotentha, muyenera kuthirira zodula monga zimafunikira, udzu, kutsanulira kawiri kapena katatu ndi chisakanizo cha dothi ndi humus.

Mu Okutobala, mizu yolimba itagona. Ndipo amatha kupatukana ndi chitsamba cha makolo ndikuwachotsa kumalo okhazikika.

Mphukira wazaka ziwiri ndi zitatu wazaka za currant zimaweramitsidwa pansi ndikukumba mwanjira yoti gawo la mphukira pafupifupi masentimita 30 limakhalabe pamtunda

Kanema: njira yachinyengo yofalitsira ma currants mwa kuyala

Pamaso

Njira yolerera iyi imasiyana ndi yapita chifukwa nthambi ya makolo imakwanira kotheratu. Nthambi iyenera kudulidwa pamwamba. Zotsatira zolimidwa ndi zigawo zotumphukira, simungatenge chimodzi, koma mbande zingapo kuchokera pa mphukira imodzi yomwe anakumba.

Gwiritsani ntchito njira yofalitsira poyang'ana patali ndikofunikira masamba asanaphuke

Osakhazikika

Njirayi imakulolani kuti mupeze mbande zambiri kuchokera ku chitsamba. Chofunika chimakhala chakuti mphukira zimayamba kukula kuchokera kumphepete mwa chitsamba. Kuswana ndi wokhazikika pakati pamafunika izi:

1. Khungwa laling'ono, labwino la currant limasankhidwa, mu Marichi kapena Epulo nthambi zonse zimadulwamo, ndikusiya ma spikes 5-8 cm.
2. Pakutha kumapeto kwa masika, ma spikes amawonekera pazovunda. Akakhala kutalika kwa 15-20 masentimita, mphukira zimakutidwa ndi dothi lonyowa mpaka theka kutalika. Pakatha pafupifupi mwezi, kuwonjezera-kuchitika kumachitika, zomwe zimathandizira kuti mizu ipangidwe.
3. Mu nthawi yophukira, mphukira yozikika imasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba cha kholo. Olimba, wokhala ndi mizu yamphamvu nthawi yomweyo amabzalidwa m'malo okhazikika, ndipo ofooka amatsimikiza kukula.

Kudzaza ndi nthaka yachonde kumathandizira kuti mizu ipangidwe

Ndege

1. Mwa njira iyi yoberekera currants, nthambi yamphamvu imasankhidwa, yomwe imatha kupezeka mu gawo lililonse la mbewu.
2. Pa nthambi (20-25 masentimita kuchokera pansi) mabala awiri ozungulira amapangika pamtunda wa 5 cm kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Mphete yamakungwa pakati pamadutsowa imatsukidwa kuti ikhale nkhuni.
3. Kenako amaika thumba la pulasitiki, m'mphepete mwake m'munsi lomwe limakhazikitsidwa masentimita angapo pansi pa mphete yolowolayo. Chikwama chimakhazikika mwamphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito tepi kapena waya.
   

   Pa njira yofalitsira kudzera mwa zigawo za mpweya, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki okhala ndi dothi

4. Nthaka yachonde imathiridwa m'thumba kuti ikukwaniratu bwino lomwe.
5. Nthaka m'nthaka ndi yothira, ndiye kuti kumtunda kumatulutsidwa nthambi.
6. Pasanathe mwezi umodzi, mizu imapezeka pamalo odulidwa.
7. Phukusili limachotsedwa, nthambi imadulidwa kuchitsamba ndipo mmera womwe udayamba kutha udzauledwa kuti udukule.

Ulimi wa Shrub

Njira yofulumira kwambiri yofalitsira ma currants ndikugawa chomera cha kholo. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuli kofunika kuti ndikusunthira chitsamba chowongolera kupita kwina.

1. Onjezerani chochitika ichi mu ngululu kapena chakumapeto.
2. Amakumba chitsamba, kuyesera kuti asawononge mizu. Zindikirani kuti rhizome ya currant ili pamtunda wa 40-50 cm mobisa.
3. Mizu yopanda nthaka, chotsani mbali zowonongeka za mizu, nthambi zouma.
4. Chitsamba chagawika magawo awiri a 2-4. Chiwerengero cha magawo zimatengera kukula kwa chomera cha kholo. Dulani chitsamba ndi chida chakuthwa. Gawo lirilonse lolandilidwa liyenera kukhala ndi mizu yokwanira ndi mphukira zingapo zazing'ono.
   

   Mukakulitsa mizu yokhazikitsidwa ndi chomera cha kholo, bwino chitsamba chatsopano chimazika mizu

5. Asanabzike, tchigawuni zogawanika timatulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate.

Tchiti zobzalidwa zimabzalidwa m'njira yoyenera mbewu iyi, ndikuthiriridwa mokwanira. Pambuyo pa chaka, currant yosinthidwa idzakusangalatsani ndi yokolola yoyamba.

Kubzala mbewu

Kubzala mbewu za blackcurrant kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi obereketsa ozolowera kupanga mitundu yatsopano. Mbande zopezeka mwanjira imeneyi siziteteza mbewu za kholo nthawi zonse.

Kubala mbewu zakunyumba kumafuna kupirira komanso mwayi

Njira yofalitsira ma currants ndi nthangala amasankhidwa ndi iwo omwe akufuna kuyesa:

1. Tengani zipatso zazikulu kwambiri, zakupsa.
2. Amasambitsidwa ndikuwanyowa kwakanthawi m'madzi.
3. Sankhani mbewu mosamala, ziyikeni papepala ndikuziwuma.
4. Sankhani malo osungira mpaka nthawi yamasika.
5. Mu March, mbewu zakonzeka kubzala. Kuti muchite izi, zilowerereni kwa kotala la ora mu yofooka njira ya potaziyamu permanganate. Kenako zouma.
6. Bzalani mbeu mu thanki yodzala ndi nthaka yachonde. Kuwaza ndi lapansi, kuthiriridwa, kuphimba ndi galasi kapena filimu. Mpaka mbande zitawonekera, chidebe chimasungidwa pamalo otentha, osasunthika.
7. Mbewu zikangoluka, chotsani zokutirazo ndikonzanso chidebecho kuti chiunikire.
8. Sankhani amapangidwa mumiphika yosiyana mbande zikafika 10-15 cm.
9. Mu theka lachiwiri la Meyi, mbande zimabzalidwa pamalowo podzala (40x40 cm) mtunda wa mita imodzi kuchokera mmera. Makamaka amalipidwa kuthirira mbande.

Nthawi yoyenera yoswana ma currants

Kulima kwa currant kutha kuchitidwa bwino chaka chonse.

Gome: Njira zofalitsira zamagawo panthawi zosiyanasiyana za chaka

Zomwe zimaswana nthawi yozizira

M'nyengo yozizira, pamene wolima sakhala ndi bizinesi iliyonse, mutha kulima ma currants omwe adula malata.

1. Kudula kudula kumayamba mu Disembala. Pokolola, mphukira wazaka chimodzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe pali masamba opangidwa bwino. Mfuti zimadulidwa pansi. Ikani zodula mu mtsuko wamadzi. Ndikwabwino kusankha chidebe chagalasi. Madzi amatsekemera pang'ono: pachidutswa cha madzi okwanira theka - 1 tsp. shuga kapena uchi.
2. Maluso amaikidwa m'malo owala, otentha. Ngati ayimirira pawindo, ndibwino kuyika, mwachitsanzo, polystyrene pansi pa pansi pa zotheka. Gawo loterolo limapereka malo otentha, omasuka kwambiri kwa odulidwa.
3. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, mizu yoyamba imayamba kuonekera.
   

   Mizu ikafika kutalika masentimita 5, kudula kumatha kudumphira m'madzi

4. Imbani kudula mizu ndi mizu yopitilira muyeso ndi chisakanizo cha kompositi ndi nthaka. Drainage (kuchokera ku dongo lotukulidwa, shards zadongo) amayikidwa pansi pamiphika.
   

   Pakatha miyezi itatu, mmera wophukira umakhala ndi mizu yolimba komanso masamba obiriwira.

5. M'mwezi wa February, masamba adzatulutsa mbande, ndipo pofika nthawi yodzala - Meyi mwezi, mmera uzikhala ndi mizu yolimba komanso masamba obiriwira. Ma inflorescence omwe amawoneka pa mmera amadulidwa kuti asasokoneze mbewuyo kuti ipeze mphamvu. Ndi chisamaliro chokwanira chaka chamawa, curators adzakuthokozani ndi zipatso zokoma, zazikulu.

Ngati sizingatheke kubzala mbande nthawi yomweyo, ndiye kuti mbewuzo ziyenera kukumbidwa m'malo ena ndi madzi ambiri. Mwanjira imeneyi, mmera wophukira ukhoza kugona mpaka sabata, chinthu chachikulu ndikukhala ndi nthawi yobzala masamba asanatseguke.

N. Khromov, woyimira masayansi azachilengedwe gazetasadovod.ru

Kanema: njira yabwino kwambiri yoberekera ma currants mu kasupe

Njira iliyonse yofalitsira currant yosankhidwa ndi inu itha kukhala yopambana pamikhalidwe yosamalidwa bwino kwa mbande: kuthirira nthawi yake, kuvala koyenera, kulima ndi kudulira. Ndipo ngale yakuda yam'munda wanu imakupatsani zipatso zokoma ndi zamafuta!