Mphesa za Kesha zimayeneranso kuganiziridwa mwapadera pakati pa tebulo zamtunduwu chifukwa cha shuga ndi zipatso zazikulu ndi zipatso zambiri. Kwa iye, sikuti amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera mukabzala ndikulima, ndikofunikira kuti azitsatira zofuna zaukadaulo wa mphesa.
Mbiri yakukula mphesa za Kesha
Mphesa za Kesha zimapezeka ndi kuswana. Mitundu iwiri ya mphesa, Vostorg ndi Frumoasa Albe, idakopeka ngati makolo. Olembawo njira yodutsa mitundu iwiri ya mphesa yomwe olemba adalemba ndi obereketsa a Y.I. Potapenko. The hybrid yatsopano yatenga mayina ena - Kukondweretsedwa bwino, FV-6-5.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Tchire ku Kesha ndilamphamvu, nthawi yakula imatha kukula mpaka mamita 5-6, ndikucha bwino mpesa. Maluwa amapezeka onse wamkazi ndi amuna (kupatula Kesha 1 - iye ali ndi mtundu wachikazi yekha). Masango amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku conical mpaka cylindrical, kawirikawiri sapezeka mwanjira yosadziwika. Kulemera kwa gulu kuli pafupifupi 600-1000 g.
Gulu la mphesa za tebulo la Kesha limalemera 600-1000 g, ndipo mabulosi amodzi amalemera 12 g
Makhalidwe abwino amakonzedwa ndi ma connoisseurs kwambiri, komanso njira za zipatso. Kulawa kalasi kuwunika - mfundo 8, zomwe zimakhala zambiri mphesa za tebulo. Mphesa za Kesha zimakhala ndi izi:
- kukula kwake ndikakulu, mtundu wake ndi wopepuka, kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi ndi 10-12 g, mawonekedwe ake nthawi zambiri amakhala ozungulira kapena ozungulira;
- chifukwa cha zipatso zakupsa, mphesa izi zitha kunyamulidwa popanda zovuta pamtunda wautali, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ake ogulitsa;
- mu zamkati ndi yowutsa zipatso zamkati pang'ono - pafupifupi 2 kapena 3;
- kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamkati zamkati kumakhala kwakukulu, zofanana ndi 18-25% (kukoma kwa zipatso za Keshi kunapezeka chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kholo), koma acidity ndiwofanana komanso ofanana ndi 6-8 g / l.
Kanema: Maonekedwe a mphesa za Kesha ndi masamba opsa
Makhalidwe a Gulu
Zipatso za mphesa za Kesha zimacha kale - patatha masiku 120-130. Nthawi ino igwera theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti (kutengera dera). Mabasi ndi opatsa zipatso, kuchuluka kwa mphukira yazipatso ndi 75-80%, kuchuluka kwa masango pa iwo ndi 1.2-1.5.
Chokhacho chomwe chimasiyana ndi mitundu ya Kesha chimatchedwa kupwanya zipatso nthawi yokolola, ndiye kuti zipatso zambiri zimadulidwa pamtengo umodzi, pomwe gulu silimayamba kulemera - kuchokera pa 600 mpaka 700 g.
Masamba a Keshi amatha kulekerera nthawi yozizira ndi kutentha mpaka -23 ° C. Kukana matenda obwera ndi mabakiteriya ndi oidium, amawonetsa pafupifupi, mogwirizana ndi komwe kumalimbikitsidwa katatu pachaka kuchitira mbewu zamankhwala okhala ndi mankhwala apadera ndi fungicides. Mphesa zosakhazikika za Kesha zimawonetsa kugonjetsedwa kofinya.
Kesa mphesa zamtundu wa mphesa za Kesha zimadyedwa mwatsopano kapena mwatsopano. Chifukwa chake, mufiriji (pa + 2-5 ° C) imatha kusungidwa mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu ya mphesa za Kesha
Ubwino wa mitundu ya Kesha idakonzedwa ndikusinthidwa m'mitundu iwiri: Kesha 1 ndi Kesha 2. Ngakhale kuti ma hybrids awa ndi otsika pang'ono pakukonda kwawo, adawonetsa kukana matenda. Wamaluwa wopanda chidziwitso nthawi zambiri sawona kusiyana pakati pawo, akutenga mtundu umodzi. Komabe, sizili choncho: ali ndi zosiyana.
Ngati pali mayina a mphesa monga Super Kesha, Talisman, ziyenera kumveka kuti tikulankhula za mitundu mitundu ya Kesha 1. Zipatso za Kesha 1 zimacha kwambiri kuposa zoyambirira, kale mu Seputembala (zipatso zimacha masiku 135). Zipatso mu burashi ndi burashi lokha imakhala yayikulu komanso yayikulu. Kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi ndi 12-15 g, ndipo burashi ndi 800-1100 g.
Zipatso za mtundu wa Kesha 1 (Talisman) zipsa mu Seputembala, ndizokulirapo (mpaka 15 g) kuposa mitundu yayikulu
Ndikosavuta kwa woyamba kuyambitsa vinyo kusiyanitsa Kesha ndi mitundu yake ya Kesha 1. Ndikwabwino kudalira malingaliro a katswiri odziwa pankhani imeneyi. Komabe, kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yamtundu umodzi sikukhudza mfundo zaukadaulo waulimi ndi kubzala.
Kesha ali ndi zinthu 2, pali zochulukirapo - Tamerlan, Kesha Muscat, Zlatogor. Kesha 2 ndi chifukwa chodutsa mitundu ya Kesha 1 yokhala ndi kuwala kishmish. Mwa mitundu iyi, m'malo mwake, kucha zipatso kumayambiriro kwambiri, lolingana ndi masiku 105-115. Mawonekedwe a gulu amatha kukula mpaka 1200 g mwa kulemera, amatengedwa kuchokera ku zipatso zokulirapo kuposa Kesha 1. Mwakucha, zipatso zimapatsidwa amber hue, mnofu umakhala wotsekemera komanso wowutsa mudyo wokhala ndi cholembera chamkati. Kuchokera apa mmodzi mwa mayina adabadwa - Kesha nutmeg.
Mitundu ya makolo ya Kesha 2 ndi Kesha 1 ndi Radiant Sultana
Zomwe zimabzala komanso kukulitsa mphesa za Kesha
Njira yodalirika yopezera mbande ndi kudzera pa nazale. Chifukwa chake tili ndi chidaliro kuti chodzalacho ndichabwinobwino ndipo chimakhala ndi mikhalidwe yoyenerera.
Ndikofunikira kuyandikira kupezedwa kwa mbande mwanzeru, popeza kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kwawo m'malo atsopano kumatengera izi. Pogula, chinthu choyamba muyenera kulabadira zomwe zili ndi mizu ndikuyang'ana mizu kuti iwonongeke. Njira zonse zikhale ndi mtundu wofanana, m'malo mwa odulidwayo - yang'anani mnofu wa tint wonyezimira.
Bwino kugula mbande za mphesa ndi mizu yotsekedwa
Wogula wogula osavomerezeka kwa nthawi yayitali yosungirako popanda madzi. Iwo akulangizidwa kuti zilowerereni poyambira nthiti yake tsiku ndi pambuyo pake kuti mubzale. Mmera uyenera kunyamulidwa ndi mizu yothira, osaloleza kuti iwume.
Malamulo oyambira
Pali malamulo ena omwe wopanga poyambira ayenera kudziwa:
- kubzala mbande mu nthawi ya masika ndikotheka kuti mpweya uziwonjezera mpaka +15 ° C. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mphukira zimamera pamera wobzalidwa kasupe, ndipo zipatso zoyambirira zidzangokhala nyengo yotsatira;
- mpesa wofunika kubzyala masamba oyamba asanachitike;
- Chiwembu cha mphesa chimasankhidwa kukhala chopepuka kwambiri, osati chouma komanso chotsekedwa ndi mphepo;
- nthaka itenthe bwino (mpaka 10 ° C);
- maenje obzala adakonzedwa mu kugwa, ndikuwadzaza ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kapangidwe kake ka nthaka yopanda chonde ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a humus; zophatikizika pakati pa maenje zimasungidwa mkati mwa 1-1,5 m.
Kanema: Zinthu zofunika kuti ntchito ibzala bwino mphesa
Kwenikweni, kubzala kumachitika mchaka ndipo kumakhala magawo awa:
- Pamalo omwe adakumana ndi umuna mu kugwa, amapangira malo okuya okwanira masentimita 80 ndi kutalika, kotero kuti ndizotheka kuwongolera ma rhizomes ndikuyika momasuka mu dzenje. Pansi, ngalande zimapangidwa bungwe.
- Khosi la mmera kapena malo olumikizirana amakhala 5 cm pamwamba pamtunda.
Mmera wamphesa umayikidwa kuti khosi mizu ikhale 5 cm pamwamba pamtunda
- Khomalo limayikidwa pafupi ndi chomeracho, komwe limakhazikika kuti mpesa uzikula bwino.
- Kuwombera pamutu kumafupikitsidwa pamtunda wa impso ziwiri.
- Tchire zobzalidwa zimathiriridwa, kumawononga pafupifupi malita 25 amadzi pachomera chilichonse.
- Mulch (humus, peat, udzu) amagawidwa chimodzimodzi pamizu. Kulowetsa dothi m'dera loyambira ndi gawo lofunika kubzala. Pogona pamizu imathandizira kukhalabe ndi chinyezi, ndi gwero lina la zakudya m'chaka.
Kanema: kubzala mphesa
Mu nthawi yophukira, mbande zobzalidwa zimasungidwa mosamala, zimawathandiza kupirira kwambiri chisanu. Mdani wa mphukira ndi mizu ndi ayezi, yemwe amapangidwa nthawi yozizira pansi pa nyengo yoyenera.
Dzenje lomwe limakumbidwa pamalo omwe ali ndi malo oyandikira pansi pamadzi limathandizira ndi ngalande. Drainage imaletsa kuthilira kwamadzi nthaka ndikuchinjiriza pakuwonekera kwa njira zochotsa mizu, mafangasi ndi zina matenda.
Mitengo yayikulu yakukula
Mitundu ya Kesha ndi mitundu yake ilibe zofunika zapadera pa chisamaliro. Atasamukira, Kesha amakhala ndi mizu, pomwe amakhala wozindikira. Koma pali zovuta pa kulima kwake, zomwe ziyenera kulingaliridwa.
Kuthirira kwambiri kumachitika mu nyengo youma ndi yotentha, ndipo kuthirira kambiri kumafunikira mphesa musanalowe gawo loyenda. Monga feteleza, zina za potaziyamu-phosphorous zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (kumapeto kwa masika). Koma feteleza wa nayitrogeni (kuphatikiza urea) amalimbikitsidwa kuti azisamaliridwa mosamala, pogwiritsa ntchito milingo yaying'ono.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri feteleza wa nayitrogeni kumapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ibwere mwachangu, pomwe kuwonongeka kumachitika chifukwa cha zokolola. Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa mphukira kumakhala ndi vuto pa chisanu pachaka, ndikupangitsa matenda ake ndi kufa.
Kudulira mphesa ndizosiyana ndikudulira zitsamba zina.
- M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, maso amasiyidwa pampesa wokhwima wa chaka chino (kapangidwe kamene kamagwirizanitsa masamba mu sinus masamba. M'nyengo yozizira, ali m'malo ozizira, koma chaka chamawa mphukira zophukira zimakula kuchokera kwa iwo. Mphukira imadulidwa pakugwa, ndikusiya maso 2-3 kuchokera padothi.
- M'chaka chachiwiri, komanso nthawi yophukira, mphukira ziwiri za pachaka zimamera kuchokera pamaso izi:
- wamfupi (wogwirizira) ndi maso awiri,
- yayitali (mpesa pakupanga zipatso).
- M'chaka chachitatu, njirayi imabwerezedwa. Mpesa wopatsa zipatso umabweretsa mbewu, kenako nkuidulira, kenako ndikuwombera chaka chamawa mpesa watsopano wokhala ndi zipatso ndi mfundo yatsopano.
M'chaka chachiwiri, mphukira zapachaka zimadulidwa kuti zikhale mphukira ndi mpesa
Kuphatikiza pakupanga kudulira, kufufuza kumachitika mu kugwa ndipo mphukira zowonjezereka zomwe zimapezeka zimadulidwa. Chitsamba chowumbika bwino chimalekerera bwino dzinja, ndipo nyengo yotsatila imayamba kukulira bwino. Nthambi zomwe zimatsalira nthawi yachisanu zimamangidwa, zimapinda pansi ndikudziphimba ndi heater.
Kupewa matenda a mphesa za Kesha (mildew, oidium) kumachitika katatu pachaka:
- kasupe asanatupire impso ndi 3% yankho la mkuwa sulphate;
- M'chilimwe ndi yankho la 3% ya sulfate yamkuwa, Azophos kuchokera ku phokoso; salfa wa colloidal, Cumulus, Quadrice kuchokera ku oidium; fungicides motsutsana ndi fungal matenda;
- yophukira 3% yankho la ayironi sulfate ku matenda fungal.
M'chilimwe, mphesa zimapopera madzi ndi yankho la sulufule wa colloidal kuchokera ku oidium
Ngati mchaka choyamba cha moyo mitengo ya mphesa idalandila chisamaliro choyenera, osasowa chinyontho ndi zakudya, iyamba kukolola mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala. Ngati mphukira ndiutali, ndikulimbikitsidwa kufupikitsa mwa kupinikiza nsonga. Chifukwa chake, masango omwe atsalira pamimbayo amakhala ndi mwayi wokhwima.
Ndemanga za alimi odziwa zambiri za mitundu ya Kesha
Pakulima mphesa za Kesha pa chiwembuchi, alimi odziwa bwino amalangizidwa kuti apange mapangidwe olimba ndi nkhuni zazitali. Pakati pa mitundu ya Kesha, mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi Kesha 1, yemwe amatchedwa Talisman. Chidwi chowonjezerachi chimachitika chifukwa chakuti zipatso za ku Talisman ndizokulirapo, ndipo mmerawo womwewo umagwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda ndi tizilombo tina.
Mphesa za Kesha ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yomwe ndimakonda kwambiri. Mabwenzi amamukondanso chifukwa chobala zipatso komanso kuthana ndi chisanu. Zipatso za mphesa izi ndizazikulu, zozungulira komanso zolimba. Kukoma kwa mphesa kumakhala kokoma ndi wowawasa pang'ono. Kununkhira ndikosangalatsa kwambiri. Zomangira mphesa izi ndi zazing'ono, monga anzathu anati. Koma kwa ine, burashi iyi imawoneka yayikulu.
Nadejda2001//irecommend.ru/content/rannii-stolovyi-sort-belogo-vinograda
Inde, chitsamba pamsewu chinapereka kuwonjezeka kwa masentimita 50, ndipo mu wowonjezera kutentha pafupifupi mamita asanu. Keshe ndi wozizira bwino kwambiri kumadera ang'onoang'ono, koma m'malo anga otetezekawa muli tchire lokongola ndi mitundu, ndipo ineyo, wokondedwa wanga, ndidaganiza zodzala mitengo zingapo za mphesa zoyambirira ndi zazikulu.
Michurinka//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=584&start=435
Kuyesera koyamba kubzala mphesa kunali pafupifupi zaka 20 zapitazo, mitundu Damask Rose ndi Ngale Saba. Ndiye panali a Rusven, Kesha, cosmonaut, Kadinala, Russian Kishmish (?), Aleshenkin, Agat Donskoy, Moscow Sustainable, Zilga, Isabella (weniweni), Amursky ndi china chake kuchokera kukonzanso komanso kusatchulidwapo poyambirira (anasintha ndi odulidwa). Kesha, inde, ndiwothamanga malinga ndi kukula kwa mabulosi, koma mpesawo unali wamphamvu kwambiri, mpaka 8 m nyengo iliyonse, wakucha bwino.
Michurinka//dachniiotvet.galaktikalife.ru/viewtopic.php?t=801&start=60
Mphesa za tebulo la Kesha ziyenera kubzalidwa pachikhalidwe. Kuchita bwino kwambiri, kudzilemetsa kwake pakulima, chisamaliro chochepa - awa ndi makhadi apadera a Keshi, omwe adagawidwa ndi akatswiri odziwa vinyo.
