Mavwende pakatikati: momwe mungakulire mabulosi abwino panokha

Ma watermelon okoma kwambiri amakula kumayiko otentha komanso kumwera kwenikweni kwa Russia, koma adaphunzira kupeza zokolola zabwino ngakhale mumsewu wapakati, makamaka, m'chigawo cha Moscow. Zowona, kufesa mwachindunji mbewu pamalo otseguka kumatheka pokhapokha pazaka zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake mbande nthawi zambiri zimakonzedweratu. Nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito matembowo kumathandizira kulima mavwende.

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mavwende pa Mzere wapakati

Mitundu yamavenda amagawika m'mipikisano yoyambirira, yakucha komanso mochedwa. Palibe funso kuti mitundu yobzala mochedwa-yakucha (monga Spring, Icarus, Kholodok, ndi ena) mkati mwa msewu wapakati, kucha kwapakati kumatha kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo mavwende oyambiranso amatha kubzala m'nthaka yosatetezeka.

Zosiyanasiyana malo otseguka

Mu State Register of Kuswana Kukwaniritsidwa kwa Russian Federation kulibe mitundu yambiri ya mavwende omwe amalimbikitsidwa ku Central dera, koma olima minda okangalika amakula pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri. Zina mwazodziwika ndi:

• Spark - mtundu wokhwima koyambirira womwe umadziwika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri okhala chilimwe, wabadwa kwa zaka makumi angapo. Zipatsozo ndizochepa (pafupifupi 2 kg), zokhala ndi njere zazing'ono, mnofu ndiwofatsa, wokoma bwino. Makungwa ndi owonda, opaka utoto wakuda, mikwingwirima sawoneka bwino.
  

  Kuwala kumadziwika mosavuta komanso kutchuka kwambiri.

• Suga Baby (aka Sugar Baby). Ku State Register pali mbiri yovomereza kuti akafike ku Central Black Earth dera, koma idakhazikika pang'ono kumpoto. Chimakhala chosagwira, chosapsa kwenikweni, chimabala zipatso zazing'ono, zolemera mpaka 1 kg, mtundu wamba wa mavwende. Kukoma kwake ndikabwino, mbewuyo imayendetsedwa bwino.
  

  Mwana wa shuga ndi imodzi mwoyamba
• Trophy F1 yakucha osaposa masiku 68, zipatso zambiri zamtunduwu, zosalala, zolemera makilogalamu 8-11. Utoto wake ndi wachikasu wobiriwira ndi mikwaso yotakata, kukoma kwa zamkati ndi kwabwino. Mavwende amtunduwu amasakanizidwa bwino ndikusungidwa kwa miyezi 1.5, zokolola zambiri.
  

  Trophy - imodzi mwa zimphona pakati pa mitundu yoyambirira

Muthanso kuwerengera mitundu ya Victoria ndi Skorik.

Zosiyanasiyana zakumunda wobiriwira

Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zakulidwa m'nthaka yosatetezekanso ndizoyenera kugwirizira. Komanso mutha kuthanso kupeza zipatso zapakatikati, mwachitsanzo, zitha kukhala Lezhebok ndi zipatso zolemera mpaka 5 kg kapena lalikulu-zipatso (mpaka 10 kg) Ataman. Komabe, podzala mu wowonjezera kutentha, nthawi zambiri amakonda zosankha zazing'onozing'ono, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zimapereka zokolola zambiri. Nthawi zokwecha zimasankhidwanso zazifupi momwe zingathere. Mwa mitundu yotchuka ndi ma hybrids omwe amatha kudziwika:

• Crimson Lokoma ndi mtundu wina watsopano wochokera ku France. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha mitundu yayikulu-zipatso, koma kulima wowonjezera kutentha sikumalephera wamaluwa. Zipatso za mtundu wa chivwende cha classical, mnofu wa khrisipi, wokoma kwambiri. Imasungidwa bwino ndikuyendetsedwa, mitunduyo imakhala ndi matenda, ndipo imalekerera chilala chambiri.
  

  Crimson Lokoma - Mfaransa amene wazika mizu yathu

• Aphandawo ndi zipatso zoyambirira kubiriwira zazing'ono (zolemera pafupifupi 3 makilogalamu), zobiriwira zowoneka bwino ndi milozo zakuda zobiriwira. Guwa ndi sing'anga kachulukidwe, kukoma kwambiri. Zipatsozi zimasungidwa kwa mwezi umodzi.
• Joy F1 - mawonekedwe ake ndi mtundu wa zipatso, komanso ogula omwe amafanana ndi anthu wamba, koma zipatsozo ndizocheperako, ndipo mnofu sunakhale wofiyira, koma wapinki wakuda. Amakula bwino ku Central dera osati m'malo obiriwira, komanso poyera.
  

  Chimwemwe ndi chivwende chomwe chimakula bwino muuwisi komanso vwende

Mukubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha, mutha kusankha mitundu ndi ma hybrids:

• Ultra koyambirira
• Cinderella
• Krimstar F1,
• Mphatso kumpoto F1.

Zinthu zikukula

M'malo otentha, mavwende okulitsa siophweka. Dera lomwe amalima popanda vuto limayambira pafupifupi kum'mwera kwa dera la Saratov (mavwende a Rivne amadziwika bwino) kapena Volgograd (Kamyshin). Kupatula apo, malo obadwa kwa mavwende ndi Africa. Chifukwa chake, zikuwonekeratu kuti chikhalidwechi sichifuna chinyezi chambiri ngati kutentha: ndi mbewu yoletsa kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, vwende liyenera kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa nthawi zonse: ndizosatheka kukula zipatso zokoma ngakhale pang'ono.

Nthawi yomweyo, chivwende nthawi zambiri chimalekerera kuzirala, ngati sichingabweretse chisanu ndipo sichikoka kwa nthawi yayitali. Sanasankhe za nthaka. Imamva bwino pang'onopang'ono pamtengo wamchenga komanso pH ya 6.5-7, imayankha bwino feteleza wachilengedwe. Mizu ya chivwende imalowa mkati mozama ndipo imapanga chinyezi, koma ndikakulitsa kuthirira komwe kumachitika nthawi yomwe mbewu ikukula komanso kukula kwa zipatso, zipatso zimachuluka kwambiri.

Vwende ili ndi tchire lowoneka bwino, koma malo omwe amapezeka ndi zakudya ndiwofunikira, ndipo izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa posankha munda. Zomera zodulidwazo sizovomerezeka, pakati pa mbeu zikuyenera kukhala osachepera 70 cm.Ndi bwino kwambiri ngati imera pachikomo chaching'ono mkatikati mwa msewu: madzi ochulukirapo omwe amadzaza m'mapiri amawonongeka pamizu, ndikuyamba kuwola kwawo, makamaka nyengo yotentha.

Mavwende amafunikira malo ambiri

Ngati dothi lomwe lili m'derali ndi dongo, ndikofunika kuwonjezera mchenga nthawi yakulowa, ndipo ngati ndi acidic - choko kapena ufa wa dolomite. Kuchuluka kwake kumatengera zovuta za momwe zinthu ziliri: mchenga umatha kukhala chidebe 1 mita², choko - dzanja limodzi kapena awiri. Monga feteleza, ndibwino kuti mutenge chidebe cha manyowa abwino kapena humus, koma osati manyowa atsopano. Chapakatikati, pomaliza kukonza kama pabedi ndi mlimi kapena thumba, onjezerani 1 mita² pa lita imodzi yamtengo phulusa ndi 30-40 g ya superphosphate. Watermelon imayankhanso bwino pazowonjezera zazing'ono za feteleza wa magnesium (pafupifupi 5 g pa 1 mita²).

Ndikwabwino ngati chivwende chadzalidwa kabichi, nandolo, anyezi kapena adyo, simuyenera kuwoka mutabzala solanaceous (tomato, mbatata, tsabola, biringanya). Kwa nyengo zopitilira ziwiri zotsatizana, amayesetsa kuti asayike mavwende m'malo amodzi.

Kukula mbande

Sikovuta kulima mavwende panyumba, ngakhale ambiri amakonda kuchita izi m'malo obiriwira kapena m'malo obiriwira: nyumbayi siikhala yopepuka nthawi zonse komanso kutentha kofunikira.

Kubzala masiku

Kubza mbande za chivwende pamalo otseguka kapena wowonjezera kutentha kumachitika patatha masiku 30 mpaka 35 mutabzala. Pakati pa msewu, kubzala m'nthaka yosatetezedwa nyengo yotentha isanayambike chifukwa cha chiopsezo: chisanu chamadzulo ndizotheka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi.

Nthawi yobzala mu wowonjezera kutentha zimatengera mtundu wake, koma mulimonsemo mkati mwa Meyi izi zitha kuchitika kale, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yodzala mbewu m'miphika ndiyambira kapena pakati pa Epulo. Mukawerengera nthawi, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mbewu zosakonzekera zimatha kumera masiku 10-12; ngati zakonzeka bwino, mbande zitha kuyembekezeredwa kale.

Mbeu zamkaka zokonzekereratu zimamera mwachangu

Kufesa mbewu za mbande

Kufesa mavwende m'bokosi wamba sikofunika ayi: amasamutsa zofunikira kwambiri, kotero muyenera kungopeza mapoto amtundu wa 250 ml ndi akuya masentimita 10.Ndibwino ngati atayika makapu osinthika okhala ndi pansi, moyenera - mapoto a peat.

Pakakulima tchire zingapo, dothi lopangidwa mwaluso ndikosavuta kugula ku malo ogulitsira, sikudzakhala kokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa kukonzekera nokha, koma kodalirika kwambiri.

Kuphatikizidwa kwabwino kwambiri kumakhala ndi magawo ofanana a humus, mchenga, peat komanso nthaka yabwino yachonde. Ngati palibe peat, mutha kusintha m'malo mwake ndi tchipisi cha scalded nkhuni. Ngati magawo ake ndiwokayikira, mutasakaniza, dothi liyenera kuthiridwa ndi pinki yankho la potaziyamu wa potaziyamu, ndipo muchite izi masiku angapo musanafesere. Kuyika dothi mumiphika, ndikofunikira kuthira masentimita lalikulu la mchenga waukulu woyera pansi.

Kwa mbande za chivwende, muyenera kusankha miphika yayikulu kwambiri ya peat

Mbeu zamadzi zimasungira kumera kwanthawi yayitali, mpaka zaka 8, ndiye kuti simukufunika kuzigula pachaka, koma ndibwino kukonzekera kubzala:

1. Choyamba, mbewu zazikulu kwambiri zimasankhidwa.
2. Kenako amachotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titanyamula kwa mphindi 20-30 mu njira yodera ya potaziyamu permanganate.
3. Pambuyo pakusamba ndi madzi oyera, amatumizidwa kwa tsiku mu chala chonyowa kuti mufiriji: kuumitsa pakanjira yapakati sikungapweteke, makamaka mukakula poyera.

Zabwinonso, ngati njere zapindika pang'ono musanakhwime: zimasungidwa mufiriji kwa maola asanu ndi michira yotulutsa.

Ngati mbewu ndi zodalirika, simungathe kuchita zonsezi, koma kuti muchepetse kumera, ndiyofunika kumuwonjezera kwa maola angapo m'madzi ofunda. Zowona, sindinachitepo kalikonse ndi mbewu kwa zaka zopitilira 300 ndikulima; mbewu zouma zidamera ndikubereka zipatso zabwino.

Kufesa Algorithm:

1. Tisanafesere, dothi mumaphika limasungunuka pang'ono ngati latha kupukuta. Mutha kuthirira kenako, mutabzala.
   

   Asanabzalire mbewu za chivwende, dziko lapansi limanyowa

2. Mbewu zamadzi zimafesedwa mpaka 2,5-3 cm, ndikuyika mumphika wazidutswa ziwiri (mbande zowonjezera zimachotsedwa).
   

   Mbeu zamadzi zimabzalidwa mpaka akufika pa 2,5 mpaka 3 cm

3. Kuthirira mbewu ndi madzi ofunda, kuwaza dothi ndi mchenga woyera, wowuma wosanjikiza wa mamilimita angapo.
4. Kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha, miphika imakutidwa ndi galasi ndikuyika malo otentha. Pamaso kumera, ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kusasunthe kuposa 25^zaC (ngakhale mbewu zimaphukira m'malo ozizira, pambuyo pake).
5. Mukangotuluka mbande, osasokoneza, miphika iyenera kuyikidwa pa sill yozizira, yowunikira: m'masiku atatu oyamba, mbande siziyenera kuloledwa kutambasamba, koma kutentha azichita nthawi yomweyo. M'tsogolomu, kutentha kwambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 22 ° C masana ndi 18 ° C usiku.
   

   Popewa mbande za chivwende kuti zisatambasuke, m'masiku atatu oyambira, mbewu ziyenera kusungidwa pamalo abwino

Kusamalira Mbewu

Kuphatikiza pakuwonera kutentha kofunikira, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuwunikira: maola masana ayenera kukhala osachepera maola 12. Ngati windowsill ayang'anizana ndi kumpoto, ndikofunikira kuti muziyiyika ndi magetsi, kuyatsa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Kutsirira kumafunika moyenera, madzi ofunda, pansi pa muzu.

Kutola kwa mavwende ndikosavomerezeka: kuwonongeka kwa muzu wapakati, mbande singafe, koma sizidzabala zipatso zabwino. Chifukwa chake, kusinthanitsa kulikonse ndikosayenera kwambiri ndipo kuyenera kuchitidwa pokhapokha pakufunika kosamala kwambiri.

Masiku 8-10 zitamera, mbande zitha kudyetsedwa pang'ono ndi yankho la feteleza aliyense wamavuto (mosamala malinga ndi malangizo omwe ali phukusili) kapena kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa. Sabata imodzi isanagwe, mbande zimasinthidwa m'mundamo, nthawi zina zimatsegula mawindo kapena kutulutsa miphika kumsewu. Mbande zabwino, zakonzeka kubzala, ndi tchire lothandiza komanso lalifupi komanso tsinde lalikulu ndi masamba 4-5 akuluakulu.

Mbande zabwino zimakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu komanso owala

Kuthira mbande m'nthaka

Kubzala mbande panthaka yosatetezeka ndizotheka ndikukhazikitsa nyengo yofunda. Tsiku liyenera kukhala osachepera 15-20^zaC, ndipo usiku - osati wotsika kuposa 8^zaC. Komabe, ngati zizindikiro zotere mumayendedwe apakati zimawonedwa koyambirira kwa Meyi, munthu sayenera kuganiza kuti izi ndi nthawi zamalimwe ndi masamba. Kuzizira kukubwerera, ndipo ndibwino kudikira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Juni. Mokulirapo, mutha kuyandikira, koma khalani okonzeka kuphimba kubzala kwa spanbond. Kanema wa polyethylene ndi woyenera kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri.

M'dothi losatetezeka, mavwende amabzalidwa momasuka. Mu melon yeniyeni, chifukwa mitundu ina pakati pa mbewu imachoka ku 1.5 mpaka 3. M'nyengo yachilimwe ya nthawi yayitali mukabzala mitundu yoyambirira izi ndizosafunikira, mawonekedwe oyenera ndi 100 x 70 cm, muzovuta kwambiri - 70 x 50 cm. wozolimira:

1. M'malo osankhidwa, amakumba mabowo mwakuya pang'ono kuposa kukula kwa miphika ndi mbande.
2. Phulusa lodzaza dzanja limalowetsedwa kuzitsime, zosakanizika ndi pansi ndikuthirira pang'ono.
   

   Mahatchi amapangidwa patali popanda wina ndi mnzake
3. Chotsani mbande mosamala m'miphika (ngati si peaty), zibzalani mozama pang'ono. Miphika ya peat ibzalidwe ndi mbande.
   

   Ma voids onse pakati pa mizu ndi ena onse pabedi ayenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi mosamala.

4. Amadzaza matope ndi dothi, kuthira madzi ofunda pansi pa muzu, mulch ndi mchenga woyera.
   

   M'pofunika kuthirira madzi mosamala, kenako ndikubzala

Vidiyo: Kubzala mbande zam'madzi m'munda

Kukula mavwende pofesa mbewu m'munda

Mbeu zamadzi zimamera pamtunda wotsika kwambiri wa 16^zaC, mbewu zimafa 0^zaC. Chifukwa chake, mukakonzekera kufesa mbewu panthaka yosatetezedwa kapena pabedi lotentha, muyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri izi. Kubzala poyera komanso mu wowonjezera kutentha, komanso kusamalira mbewu m'malo onsewa ndizosiyana pang'ono.

Kufesa poyera

Mukamasankha tsiku lofesa, ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti si mpweya wokhawo womwe ungatenthe bwino: pa kutentha kwapansi pa 14^zaNdi mbewu zimamera ndi zovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pakati pa msewu, kufesa nthangala, ngakhale kuli kotheka kale pozika mbande, sikuchitika kale osati Meyi 25. Pamene agwada ndikukwera, chowopseza chisanu chidzatha. Koma kufesa mbewu zomera panthawiyi sikuyenera: pamakhala kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kufa kwawo zikagwa mwadzidzidzi. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zowuma, ndikukhomera zina - osati kale kwambiri kuposa chilimwe.

Mabediwo amakonzedwa chimodzimodzi monga kubzala mbande, m'malo omwewo amakonzera mabowo, ndikuyambitsa feteleza wamba. Ndi maenje okhaokha omwe ali ndi phulusa omwe adayikidwanso, ndipo mbewu zake zimayikidwamo mozama masentimita 3. Monga mbande zokulira, ndikofunikira kuyika mbewu ziwiri pafupi ndi izo. Patatha masiku 5-6 kumera, mbewu zowonjezera zimachotsedwa.

Nthawi zambiri mumsewu wapakatikati amakhala "bedi lanzeru": akakumba, amabweretsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunikira, kenako ndikuphimba ndi filimu yakuda, chifukwa chomwe dziko lapansi limatentha msanga. M'malo oyenera, kudula kumapangidwa mufilimuyi, pomwe mbewu zimafesedwa (muthanso kubzala mbande). Kanemayo amasiyidwa kwa nyengo yonse, ndipo poyamba amakutidwa ndi bedi la spanbond.

Kanema: Kukula pabedi lamasamba anzeru olumikizidwa pa dzungu

Kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha

Mabedi omwe ali mu wowonjezera kutentha amakonzedwa kale asanabzala mavwende. Ndipo izi sizingogwira kokha pakufunika kokwanira yophukira kwa nthaka yopanda feteleza ndi kukolola zonse zotsalira. Nthawi zina kuchotsa dothi lofunikira kumafunikira ngati matenda aliwonse avuta mu wowonjezera kutentha.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala masamba aliwonse kapena ma radish mu greenhouse musanafike mavwende. Adzakhala ndi nthawi yakucha pofika pakati pa Meyi, zikafunika kubzala mavwende. Ngati kufesa kumakonzekeredwa kale, ndiye kuti ngakhale mu wowonjezera kutentha muyenera kukonza zida zoyambirira mukatero.

Njira yofesa mu greenhouse ndiyophatikiza pang'ono, mtunda pakati pa mbeu ndi woposa masentimita 50, ndizosatheka kuti uzilola pano. Mitundu yoyambirira ya chivwende, wamaluwa ambiri amabzala awiri mdzenje, kenako amawongolera tchire lakutali mbali zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chokhala ndi malo ochepa, trellis nthawi zambiri imakonzedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, kukweza mavwende pamwamba pake pansi ndikumangirira mphukira kumaso oyambira, kenako zipatso zomwe zimawonekera.

Njira yofesa mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha siinasinthe ndi yomwe ili poyera.

Nthawi zambiri mavwende tchire amasinthana ndi mavwende kapena nkhaka. Ngati njira yoyamba ndiyomveka, ndiye kuti funso limayankhidwa ndi nkhaka: amakonda mpweya wonyowa, ndipo mavwende amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukula m'malo owuma. Komabe, kulumikizana kotereku ndizotheka, koma m'tsogolomo, kutentha ndi chinyezi chofunikira pazowonjezera kutentha zidzafunika.

Mu wowonjezera kutentha, mavwende amakula pa trellis

Kusamalira

Kusamalira mavwende sikulinso kovuta kuposa kusamalira masamba aliwonse. Zowona, ku ntchito yanthawi zonse (kuthilira, kumasula, kuvala pamwamba), kufunika kopanga tchire kumangowonjezeredwanso.Potseguka ndi wowonjezera kutentha, zomwe zikuchitikazo ndi zofanana, ma nuances ndi ochepa.

Chisamaliro Chapanja Chosamalira

Kuthirira mavwende musanakhazikitse zipatso ndikofunikira, koma dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono. Chinyezi ndikofunikira makamaka munthawi ya kukula kwa masamba. Ndikofunikira kuthirira madzi madzulo, kumatenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa ndi madzi, pansi pa muzu. Ndi kukula kwa zipatso, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, kenako ndikuyimitsidwa: pakucha kwa zipatsozo, nthaka imaphwanyidwa kuti mavwende amatenga shuga wina. Mpaka masamba atakula, kuthilira, nthaka ndikumasulidwa, ndikuwononga namsongole.

Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika masabata 1.5 mutathira, kapena masabata awiri atatuluka. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito organic ndi phulusa, muzovuta kwambiri - feteleza wa mchere mothandizidwa ndi malangizo. Kenako amadyetsedwa nthawi zina 1-2, koma osachulukitsa nayitrogeni, ndipo poyambira kukula kwa zipatso, kudyetsa kumayimitsidwa.

Kudyetsa mavwende, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zolengedwa, koma feteleza wa michere nawonso ndi oyenera.

Ming'alu ikamakula, imagonekedwa mgona pabedi, kuyesera kuti isasokonezenso. Mapulogalamu amayikidwa pansi pa zipatso kuti tipewe kuwola mwina nyengo yakwana.

Matabwa amayikidwa pansi pa chivwende kuti muchepetse kuvunda.

Mapangidwe a chitsamba cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti sawononga mphamvu zake pakukula kwa unyinji wobiriwira. Gawo lalikulu la michere yomwe ikubwerayo iyenera kupita kukapangidwa ndikusinthidwa kwa mbewu. Ma ovari osafunikira amachotsedwanso, chifukwa ngakhale pazotheka kwambiri, chomera sichitha kupereka chakudya chathunthu pazonse zomwe zatuluka. Ntchito zowumba zimachitika nyengo yotentha kuti magawo atha kufota ndipo sangathe kuvunda.

Kudulira ndi kugawa mbewu ndizofunikira makamaka kwa mitundu yayikulu-zipatso.

Pali zosankha zingapo pakupanga tchire, kusankha kumadalira zinthu zambiri. Nthawi zina, amayesa kulima mbewu pakatikati, ndikuchotsa mphukira zam'mphepete mpaka pazokwanira. Mwa ena, m'malo mwake, kutsina ndi kuwombera kwakukulu nthawi yomweyo ndikukula zipatso kumbali. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, njira imodzi ndi ina ndiyabwino. Njira yosavuta ndi motere:

• palibe zipatso zoposa zisanu ndi imodzi zomwe zimatsala pa tchire, kudula zochulukirapo zikafika kukula kwa dzira la nkhuku;
• pa mphukira iliyonse, chipatso chimodzi chokhacho chimakhala chotsimikizika kuti chimakula pamtundu wa zipatso zazikuluzikulu komanso ziwiri zokhala ndi zipatso zazing'ono;
• zipatso zitatha kupeza apulo wamba, palibe masamba opitilira 4-5 omwe amangotsala pamwamba pake, mphukirowo ndiye kuti wadulidwa.

Ngakhale atapangidwa tchire pakudzaza zipatso kuchokera ku masamba, ana opeza amawonekerabe, akuyenera kuthyoledwa nthawi yomweyo, kusamala kuti asavulaze mikwingwirima pakuyitembenuza.

Mphukira zowonjezera zonse ziyenera kusweka munthawi

Mawonekedwe akukula mu wowonjezera kutentha

Njira zazikulu zofikira kukula kwa ma watermelon mu wowonjezera kutentha ndizofanana ndi kunja. Zowona, muyenera kuwunika mosamala chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa nyengo: sikuvumba mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo kumatha kusefukira popanda kuwuluka. Koma, kuwonjezera pa zochitika wamba, muyenera kulabadira mfundo zina ziwiri.

• pollination yokumba ingafunike. Ngati matendawa atsekedwa kwambiri, palibe chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti mungu udzachulukitsa. Mwiniwakeyo azikoka ndi bulashi, ndikutenga mungu kuchokera kumaluwa achimuna omwe anali atamasulidwa kumene, ndikuwasamutsira mosamala mkati mwa mkazi. Mukadzala umuna, zipatso zimakhala ndikukula kwawo mwachangu zimayamba, zomwe zitha kuthandizidwa ndi kuvala pamwamba pamlungu uliwonse ndi mulingo wocheperako wa feteleza wovuta, kapena kuposa apo - ndi zothetsera zamadzimadzi za mullein kapena ndowe za mbalame;
• mu wowonjezera kutentha, mavwende nthawi zambiri amakula vertically, ndikupanga tchire ndi garter munthawi yomweyo mpaka zothandizira. Zipatso sizimagona pansi, koma zimapachikika pamlengalenga, ndipo zikafika pazovuta zambiri zimatha kugwa ndikusweka. Chifukwa chake, zipatso zokulira nkhonya zimayikidwa mu maukonde ofewa a chilichonse cholimba, kuti zimere. Chifukwa chake zipatso zimayatsidwa mwachilungamo ndikupeza shuga wambiri. Zitsulo zimangirizidwa ndi trellis.
  

  M'magawo, mavwende amayatsidwa mbali zonse

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Matenda ndi tizirombo ndi chisamaliro choyenera timayendera mphandayi kambiri. Anthu okhala m'chilimwe nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito njira zochotsekera, ngakhale m'mabizinesi akuluakulu azilimidwe, mavwende amafufuzidwa kangapo pachaka.

Nthawi zambiri, mavwende amakhudzidwa ndi matenda otsatirawa:

• powdery mildew: wowonetsedwa ndi mawanga oyera ndi fluff, omwe amapanga masamba choyamba, kenako amaphukira ndi zipatso. Masamba amawonongeka, mphukira zimafa, zipatso zimavunda. Zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi ndizovuta komanso kuzizira kwamadzi. Ndiukadaulo woyenera waulimi, chiopsezo cha matenda ndi chochepa, koma pakadwala, mmera uzitha kuwaza ndi fungicides yosavuta, mwachitsanzo, madzi a Bordeaux;
  

  Powdery mildew ndikovuta kuzindikira - masamba adakutidwa ndi kuyera kwoyera
• Anthracnose ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe amapezeka nthawi zonse. Amawoneka zofiirira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana pazomera zonse. Pambuyo pakupanga mawanga pa zipatso, amasintha kukhala zilonda ndi utoto wama pinki. Matendawa ndi owopsa makamaka pamtunda wa chinyezi, kotero muyenera kupangitsa mpweya wabwino wobiriwira nthawi zambiri. Njira zowongolera - monga ufa wa powdery;
  

  Ndi anthracnose, mawanga pamasamba amakhala ansalu

• Matenda a Fusarium ndi matenda enanso omwe amachititsa kuti chomera chilole. Amanyamulidwa ndi njere ndi dothi zosasanjidwa, zimafalikira mwachangu, zimatsogolera ku chiwonongeko chokwanira chodzala. Pali mitundu yamakono yomwe imagwirizana ndi matendawa. M'magawo oyamba, chithandizo ndizotheka, mwachitsanzo, mothandizidwa ndi Previkur;
  

  Ndi fusarium, chitsamba chonse chimafota

• matenda a mosaic - nthenda ya ma virus, yowonekera pamasamba a mawanga amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake. Masamba youma, chomera chikhala chitukutira, zokolola zimatsika kwambiri. Chithandizo chokwanira chokwanira sichingatheke, koma poyambira, matendawa atha kupewedwa kwambiri mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa Karbofos.
  

  Malo omwe zithunzi za mosaic zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Pazithandizo zamatenda ena omwe amakhala ocheperako, wolima ayenera kukhala ndi kukonzekera Fundazol kapena Decis, koma matendawa ndiwosavuta kupewa poletsa malamulo onse aukadaulo aulimi.

Pali tizirombo tating'onoting'ono ochepa mavwende, omwe amapitako nthawi zambiri:

• vwende aphid ndi kachilombo kakang'ono komwe kamakhala m'malire athunthu: kuyambira pansi pa masamba, kenako amasunthika ndikupita patsogolo. Imayamwa timadziti tamizere, ndipo nthawi zina imayambitsa kufa. Ndi kuzindikira kwakanthawi, wowerengeka azithandizo amathandizira: infusions wa mpiru wa ufa, fumbi la fodya. Muzochitika zapamwamba, ndikofunikira kupopera ndi Iskra, Inta-Vir kapena mankhwala amphamvu ofananawo;
  

  Ma aphid oyambira amakhala pamasamba osiyanasiyana

• kangaude imayamba kudziwonekera kumunsi kwa masamba ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono amdima omwe amakula mwachangu. Kenako mbali zonse za mmerazo zimakutidwa ndi ma capubs, owuma, chomeracho chimafa. Kupewa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mbewu za m'munda ndizothandiza kwambiri, koma ngati mavutowo adakula, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo mwachitsanzo, Aktofitom kapena Aktellik;
  

  Chifukwa cha kuwukira kwa kangaude, mbewuyo imakutidwa ndi ma capubs

• waya ndi yemweyo tizilombo omwe amakhudza mbatata. Amabisalira zipatso, kenako zimavunda. Makamaka nthawi zambiri imawonekera mu dothi acidic. Njira yosavuta ndikukhazikitsa misampha ndi nyambo motsutsana ndi waya - mitsuko yokhala ndi masamba. Nthawi ndi nthawi muziyang'ana misampha, kuwononga tizirombo. Ziphuphu zobzalidwa pafupi ndi nyemba kapena masamba a mpiru zimawopseza waya wa ngwaziyo. Ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera Thunder-2, Provotox.
  

  Mawayilesiwo amadziwika ndi munthu aliyense wam'munda

Kututa ndi kusunga

M'pofunika kuti mutolere chomera pa nthawi yake: zipatso zosapsa sizisungidwa, ndipo zosapsa ndizoyenera kungotola. Zizindikiro zakucha zimadziwika kwa aliyense, koma nthawi zambiri sizigwira ntchito ngakhale m'makoko odziwa zinthu: pambuyo pa zonse, mpaka mutadula chivwende, simudziwa bwino momwe zimakhalira.

Pakusunga, mavwende pafupifupi samacha: pafupi okhawo omwe ali okonzeka amapeza shuga pang'ono.

Zizindikiro zakupsa kwa zipatso zamizere:

• matte a peel amayamba kunyezimira;
• kutumphuka kumawuma, sikuwonongeka ndi msomali;
• phesi limauma;
• tsamba lachikaso limapezeka mbali yakukhudza pansi;
• ikapakidwa, mavwende amadzuka amapanga mawu akulu.

Zipatsozo zimadulidwa ndi pruner kapena mpeni wakuthwa, kusiya mapesi mpaka 4-5 cm. Zipatso zimabweretsedwa kumalo osungirako zinyalala zofewa, modekha, popanda mabampu. Mukusungirako ali ndi wosanjikiza umodzi, wowunikira nthawi ndi nthawi. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wosungirako - kutentha kuzungulira 7^zaC ndi chinyezi chokhudzana ndi 70-85%. Moyo wa alumali wa mitundu yofatsa kwambiri osapitirira miyezi itatu.

Vidiyo: Zomera za mavwende mumsewu wapakati

Kukula kwa mavwende m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia ndi vuto, koma kumasintha kotheratu. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusankha mitundu yoyenera, kuti mukulitse mbande ndikubzala m'munda. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, chivwende chimakula, koma pakuwala kwachilengedwe chimakhala chokoma kwambiri. Koma kufesa mwachindunji pakati potsekera munsewu wapakatikati ndi lottery, kupambana kwa mwambowu kumatengera momwe dzinja limakhalira lotentha.