Radish yakuda - kukulitsa limodzi ndi awiri!

Radish wakuda ndi mbewu ya muzu yomwe akhala akudziwika kale kwa alimi aku Russia. Koma sikuti aliyense amakonda kukoma kwake ndi fungo lake. Chifukwa chake, posachedwa mbewuyi idasinthidwa kwambiri ndi mbewu zatsopano za m'munda. Pakadali pano, iyi ndi imodzi mwazipatso zofunikira kwambiri zomwe zingabzalidwe pazokha. Chomera sichifunikira chisamaliro chovuta, ngakhale wokonza dimba yemwe sakudziwa bwino angathe kuthana ndi ntchitoyi ndikupeza mbewu.

Kodi radish yakuda imawoneka bwanji

Mtundu wakuda ndi wa banja lopachika. Chomera ichi ndi "wachibale" wapafupi wa radish, rutabaga, mpiru, kabichi ndi mbewu zina zam'munda. Dziko lakwawo ndi Central Asia, koma pakadali pano palibe mitundu "yamtchire" yamtundu. Mitundu ndi ma hybrids okha omwe amabadwa kokha mwa kuswana ndi omwe ndi akuluakulu. Ku Russia, chikhalidwe chadziwika kuyambira zaka za XII.

Radish yakuda ndi chikhalidwe chachitali komanso chodziwika bwino cha mtundu wa anthu, chidali chakale ku Egypt ndi Greece.

Mtengowo umapanga rosette wa masamba 45-60 masentimita. M'mphepete mwa tsamba lamasamba m'malo angapo ndizopezedwa bwino, mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi zeze. Kukhudza iwo ndi amwano, "prickly". Tsamba limapaka utoto wowala ndi utoto wonyezimira kapena maolivi.

Masamba a radish wakuda ndiwowuma pokhudza

Monga Cruciferous yonse, ichi ndi chomera chokhala ndi kuzungulira kwazaka ziwiri. Mukalola radish yakuda kutulutsa, chaka chamawa ipanga "nyemba zosanja" zodzala ndi njere. Maluwa a oyera kapena ofiira a lilac hue amasonkhanitsidwa mu maluwa a inflemose inflorescence.

Ngati radishi yatulutsa, simungathe kudalira zochuluka

Zomwe mawonekedwe a radish amawoneka mwina amadziwika ndi aliyense. Khungu lake limakhala loonda, lakuda kapena lowoneka bwino, losavuta kukhudza. Katswiriyu ndiwokongola kwambiri komanso wandiweyani. Pafupifupi muzu wamizu 10-16 cm. Amakonda kulemera pafupifupi 350-600 g, ngakhale kuli zitsanzo, "akatswiri", omwe amapanga kulemera kwa 2,5-3 kg.

Mnofu wakuda wamtundu wakuda ndi wowonda kwambiri, wobiriwira, woyera-chipale

Kukoma kwa radish wakuda ndi chikhalidwe kwambiri, kowopsa. Palinso fungo linalake, lomwe si aliyense amakonda. Koma ndikosavuta kuwachotsa onse awiri pogwira masamba m'madzi ozizira kwa theka la ola. Mwa njira, zamkati zimakhalanso zofewa. Phindu silivutika.

Ubwino wathanzi la radish wakuda sutsimikizika ndikutsimikiziridwa mwasayansi. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti ali ndi mavitamini ambiri, koma ma glycosides ndi ma lysozymes amapezeka. Gulu loyamba la zinthu limawononga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri, chachiwiri chimatchedwa antibacterial ndi antifungal. Kukhazikika kwa mizu mu chakudya kumathandizira mtima ndi mantha. Uku ndikothandiza kwambiri kupewa matenda a atherosulinosis.

Mulinso ndi ma amino acid, ma digestible osakanikirana bwino (fructose, sucrose), mafuta ofunikira. Mwa zinthu, kufufuza kwa potaziyamu, magnesium, nthaka, chitsulo, calcium, sodium, ndi phosphorous titha kuzindikira. Phytoncides amapereka mawonekedwe owopsa a zamkati, zomwe zakuda zakuda bwino zimachita bwino kupikisana ndi adyo ndi horseradish.

Pulp, makamaka wakuda radish madzi osakanizidwa ndi uchi, amathandizira kuchotsa chifuwa ndi chimfine, tonsillitis, bronchitis, akuyamba chifuwa. Chida chomwechi chimathandizanso kupewa chitetezo chokwanira, chikuthandizira kuchira msanga pambuyo pakupha chimfine ndi matenda a virus. Kwa prophylaxis, msuzi wokhala ndi uchi ungaphatikizidwe muzakudya kumapeto kwa masika, pomwe zovuta za kusowa kwa vitamini yozizira zimadziwika kwambiri. Pulogalamu yokhala ndi grated ikhoza kusintha m'malo mwa mpiru.

Mchere wakuda wophatikizidwa ndi uchi ndiwothandiza kwambiri

Kanema: radish wakuda ndi uchi

Muzu wazomera umathandizanso kugaya chakudya. CHIKWANGWANI chimathandiza kuyeretsa matumbo ndi kukonza microflora yake. Amasinthanso madzi momwe amachotsera madzi ambiri mthupi. Mtundu wakuda ndiwosakhazikika m'malo mwa chizolowezi cha edema. Ndipo msuzi wakuthwa wa caustic amatha kusungunula miyala yaying'ono mu impso ndi chikhodzodzo. Amadziwikanso kuti choleretic wabwino.

Radish yakuda imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu cosmetology. Madzi ake, akawonjezeredwa kuti azitsuka madzi, amachititsa kuti magazi azikhala ndi khungu, omwe amathandiza kukula kwa tsitsi. Ikhoza kuzilowerera mumabowo a msomali kuti mulimbitse ndikugwirizanitsa mbale. Tincture wa mowa umagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi ziphuphu, zithupsa, ziphuphu, ndi mavuto ena ndi khungu la nkhope.

Mchere wakuda wa radish umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri osati mankhwala azikhalidwe zokha, komanso cosmetology

Guwa kuchokera pa zamkati limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mabala, mikwingwirima, kutupa, malo ena ovulala, ngati palibe kuwonongeka pakhungu. Sikuti zimangochepetsa ululu, komanso zimawathandiza kuchira kwawo kwachangu. Ndipo mukakonzekereratu kuti muthane ndi vutoli, muthanso kupulumutsa mano.

Kanema: Zopindulitsa zamatenda zakuda zakuda

Zomera zodziwika bwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika. Radish yakuda ndi gawo limodzi la ma saladi ambiri, omwe amawakonda. Masamba otchuka ku Asia. Amawonjezeranso supu, mbale zazikulu (nthawi zambiri nyama), mbale zam'mbali kuti mupatse zonunkhira. Mutha kusintha radishi yakuda kukhala mchere ngati muidula kukhala magawo ochepa komanso kuthira uchi.

Phindu lalikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito radish yatsopano

Ngakhale mutapeza zabwino zonse, radish wakuda sayenera kuphatikizidwa kuchokera muzakudya pamaso pa matenda aliwonse omwe ali ndi vuto logaya chakudya, makamaka zilonda zam'mimba ndi gastritis. Ndi zoletsedwa kudya mbewu za muzu panthawi yake. Mosamala kwambiri ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito radish kwa iwo omwe adadwala matenda amisala kapena matenda opha ziwalo, makamaka ngati izi zinachitika posachedwapa. Osati, koma tsankho laumwini limachitika. Ndikwabwino kuyesa masamba amizu m'magawo ang'onoang'ono ngati mukudziwa kuti mumakonda kulimbana.

Musatengeke kwambiri ndi radish wakuda pamaso pa mavuto ndi enamel mano komanso kuchuluka kwake. Komanso, ndikofunikira kupewa kudya mizu yamizu nthawi yonse yomwe muli ndi pakati, kuti musapweteke. Koma kuyamwitsa kungalimbikitsidwe ngati vuto la mkaka likusowa.

Palibe chifukwa chomwe muyenera kudya radish wakuda pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kupanda kutero, kukokana kwakukulu kumachitika, mwina kutulutsa.

Kuphatikiza zakuda, palinso udzu wobiriwira ndi woyera. Yoyamba ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoberekera mumzinda wa Margilan ku Uzbek. Amadziwikanso kuti mphumi. Kukoma kwake kumakhala kofewa, osati kowala kwambiri komanso kopanda kuwawa. Kuguza kwake sikuli kolimba komanso kopanda, kubiriwira. Peel imapakidwa muzithunzi zonse zamtundu womwewo - kuchokera ku saladi kupita ku emerald yowala. Mtundu wobiriwira umakhala wopanda caloric ndipo uli ndi vitamini A. Chowonongera chokhacho chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomwe sizigwirizana.

Palibenso zotsutsana pa ntchito yobiriwira

Malo obadwira radish yoyera ndi Japan. Amadziwikanso kuti daikon. Amadziwika ndi kukoma kowoneka ngati thupi. Khungu limakhala loyera kapena kirimu. Zopatsa mphamvu za calorie ndizochepa kwambiri, pomwe daikon poyerekeza ndi radish yakuda imakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri.

White radish ilibe chilichonse chokhala ndi mkwiyo wakuda

Mitundu yotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa

Palibe mitundu yambiri ya radish yakuda. Mitundu iyi makamaka ndi yakucha mochedwa yomwe ikusungidwa kuti isungidwe kwakutali. Koma pali mitundu ya yakucha yoyambirira ndi yapakatikati. Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa aku Russia amalima mitundu iyi:

• Zima mozungulira chakuda. Mtundu wakale wakale woyenera, wopangidwa kale ku USSR, mu 50s ya zaka makumi awiri. Kuwawa kwakanenedwa chifukwa cha kukoka kwambiri kwa mpiru kofunikira mafuta. Zomera zodziwika bwino zimadziwika ndi mchere wambiri. Zokolola zitha kukololedwa patatha masiku 75-100 zitamera, mitunduyo ndi ya m'gulu lochita kunyentchera mochedwa. Kuyerekeza kwa mizu ndi 250-500 g. Zamkati ndi wandiweyani. Moyo wochepera shelufu ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya radish yoyera yozizira. Kuchokera pazofotokozedwayo, sizimasiyana chilichonse pokhapokha mawonekedwe a mizu komanso zambiri zamkati.
• Murzilka. Kalasi. Nyengo yokulira ndi masiku 90-100. Zomera zokhala ngati mpira wapafupipafupi, osati zokulirapo (9-10 masentimita ndi 225-300 g kulemera). Khungu limakhala loyipa. Zamkati si lakuthwa kwambiri. Zotupa zamtunduwu zimasungidwa mpaka nthawi yamasika.
• Kukonzekera. Zokolola m'masiku 100-110, mitunduyo imatchulidwa mochedwa. Zomera zamtambo ndizopangika ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi 250 g.Munthu payekhapayekha amakula 340-370 g. Mitunduyo imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake zipatso, kupyapyala kwake, komanso bwino kusamalira. Mnofu ndiwofewa, wokoma.
• Usiku. Kupambana kwaposachedwa ndi obereketsa. Mitundu yakucha yakucha. Zokolola zitha kukololedwa patatha masiku 68-75 mutamera mbande. Zomera zazing'ono ndizochepa (180-220 g), koma ndizosiyana kwambiri. Radishi yazungulirazungulira, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Khungu limakhala lakuda. Thupi limakhala lakuthwa pang'ono, labwinobwino, lopaka zipatso kwambiri. Zosiyanazo zimasiyanitsidwa pakusunga mtundu komanso kusungika.
• Mkazi wakuda. Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, komanso kusungidwa kwakutali. Zokolola zipsa masiku 90-95. Zomera zodziwika bwino zimakhala zowzungulira kapena zowongoka. Kulemera kumasiyana kuchokera ku 140 g mpaka 300 g. Kukoma kwake sikuli koipa, koma palibe chofunikira. Thupi ndi loyera kirimu.
• Chinjoka chakuda. Chosankha chachilendo chomwe chidalowa mu State Record of the Russian Federation mchaka cha 2015 chokha. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi nthawi yakucha, mbewu zimacha masiku 58-65. Mbewu zamizu ndizitali (12-17 masentimita ndi mulifupi mwake 4-5 cm), zowonda pang'ono, zakuthwa pansi. Kukoma ndikofunikira. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa radish ndi 325 g. The zamkati ndi wandiweyani, koma kwambiri.
• Mchiritsi. Giredi yapakatikati. Muzu mbewu zipsa m'masiku 75-80. Radishi ili pafupifupi yozungulira, yolemera pafupifupi 260 g. Kukoma kwake ndikabwino. Zabwino ndizabwino kwambiri - 4.2-4.5 kg / m². Itha kusungidwa nthawi yonse yozizira.
• Mfumukazi ya Spades. Kututa kucha mu 60-70 patatha masiku mbande. Mizu yokhala ndi gawo, imakhala ngati silinda. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa radish ndi 300-500 g. Thupi limakhala lakuthwa pang'ono. Zochulukitsa ndizokwera - 4-6 kg / m². Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi kuwombera, ngakhale motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa "abale" zimawonekera kuti sizisamalidwa bwino.
• Grayvoronskaya. Mtundu wina womwe unayesedwapo nthawi yomweyo wophatikizidwa ndi State Record mu 60s ya zaka zapitazi. Zipatsozo zimakwezedwa, kulemera kwakukulu kumakhala pafupifupi 300 g. Zosiyanasiyana zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kusachita kwawo, popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumakhala ndi dontho la kutentha ndi madontho ake akuthwa. Radish iyi ndi yoyenera kwambiri posungira kwakutali.
• Silinda. Zosiyanasiyana sizisiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wake wa kusunga, ngakhale State Registror imavomerezedwa kuti iyamwe. Zokolola zipsa masiku 62-73. Muzu mbewu ndi zazitali, ndi nsonga. Khungu limakhala losalala, lakuda. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa chipatso ndi 170-210 g. Kukoma kwake sikoyipa, koma osati kosangalatsa. Zochulukanso ndizapakatikati - 1.7-3.6 kg / m². Zipatso zenizeni sizimeta.
• Nyanja Yakuda. Mmodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira. Zokolola zipsa masiku 65-70. Mbewu yamizu ndi yayikulu-kakulidwe (200-250 g), pafupifupi yozungulira. Zitsanzo za munthu payekha zimalemera 500 g kapena kupitirira. Kukoma kwa zamkati ndi lakuthwa, koboola. Zokolola zapakatikati ndi 3.8-4.3 kg / m².

Zithunzi zojambulidwa: mitundu yamdera yakuda yotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa

Kutsitsa ndi njira zofunika pokonzekera

Mtundu wakuda umakhala wopanda tanthauzo. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pakukula. Koma kuti muthe kukolola kochuluka, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzimvera ngakhale "zofunikira" zachikhalidwe. Kupatula apo, amaika patsogolo osati ambiri a iwo.

Zomera sizigwirizana ndi chisanu, choncho ndizabwino kulimidwa ku Russia yambiri, kupatula zigawo zomwe zili ndi nyengo ya Arctic. Mbewu zimamera kale pa kutentha kwa 3-5ºº. Zomera (ngakhale mbande zazing'ono) siziopa kuzizira kwa -6 ° C. Komabe, kutentha kochepa kumatha kubweretsa kuwombera. Zoyerekeza za achikulire zimamva bwino pa 15-18ºС.

Kupeza zokolola zochulukirapo za radish zakuda ndizotheka pokhapokha ngati mbewuzo zili ndi dzuwa lokwanira

Koma nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kusankha molondola nthawi yakamatera. Mtundu wamtundu uliwonse ndi chomera chatsiku lalifupi. Ngati alandila zambiri kuposa zofunika, amaponya muvi. Chomera chokwanira maola 10-12 patsiku.

Kuti tipewe izi, komwe nyengo ilola, mbewu zimabzalidwa m'munda mchaka choyamba cha Epulo kapena kumapeto kwa Marichi, kukolola pafupi ndi chilimwe. Koma m'malo ambiri a Russia izi sizingatheke mwamaonekedwe chabe. Nthaka sikhala ndi nthawi yoti isungunuke. Ku Urals, Far East, ku Siberia, radish imabzalidwa tsiku litayamba kale kutha, ndiye kuti, litatha nthawi yachilimwe (nthawi yotsika ndi Julayi 15). Anthuwa amalimbikitsa kubzala radish patatha sabata tchuthi cha Utatu chitachitika. Zomera zimaphuka kumapeto kwa Seputembala kapena mu Okutobala. Zochita zimawonetsa kuti radishi yotereyi imakhala yakuthwa pang'ono kuposa zomwe zimakololedwa m'chilimwe.

Kukula mbande zakuda radish ndikosatheka. Kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwe sichimalekerera kutulutsa ndikusendeza bwino. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, mbewu zimafesedwa mwachindunji. Pabedi pamafunika kukonzekereratu.

Malo osankhidwa ndi okumbidwa mpaka pakufika pafupifupi fosholo imodzi. Ndikofunika kuti malowa ndi dzuwa. Mtundu wakuda umapulumuka bwino mumthunzi wocheperako, koma kuchepa kwa kuwala kumapangitsa kuti kuzimiririka ndi kupindika kwa mizu. Zomera sizimawopa mphepo komanso kukongoletsa.

Kuthana bwino ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira zochepa zakuda kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino, kotero dothi liyenera kukumbidwa mosamala

Njira yabwino pazikhalidwe ndi gawo lochepa, koma lopatsa thanzi, lomwe limalola madzi ndi mpweya kudutsa bwino. Izi, mwachitsanzo, sierozem ndi loam. Koma chakuda chakuda chimakumana ndi dothi lililonse labwino, kupatula acidified ndi saline. Ndipo ngati yoyamba ikadakwaniritsidwa ndikuwonjezera laimu wosalala, ufa wa dolomite, wosweka ndi choko cha choko kapena chipolopolo cha mazira aiwisi, ndiye kuti mukuyang'ana kwina muyenera kupeza malo atsopano. Mofananamo, ndikofunikira kuchita ngati madzi apansi pansi afika pafupi kwambiri. Ngakhale zili choncho, zitha kupulumutsa pomanga zigawo zazitali (masentimita 40-45).

Dolomite ufa - deoxidizer wachilengedwe wa dothi, malinga ndi Mlingo woyenera, ulibe zovuta

Ngati zisanachitike izi zamasamba zilizonse m'munda, dothi silingathe kumezetsedwa. Kupanda kutero, mudzafunika humus (2-3 kg / m²), superphosphate yosavuta (10-12 g / m²) ndi potaziyamu sulfate (6-8 g / m²). Kuchokera pakuvala kwachilengedwe kapamwamba, phulusa la nkhuni lophika lingagwiritsidwe ntchito (galasi pa 1 m²). Feteleza sagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndi deoxidant, koma atadikirira masabata 2-2.5 mutabweretsa acid-base mulingo wosaloledwa. Manyowa atsopano sakhala oyenera pachikhalidwe.Ngati mungayikemo m'mundawo, zingasokoneze kukoma kwa mizu, zimatha kusokonekera. Ndi malo abwino oti kubereka kwa matenda ambiri ndi mphutsi za tizilombo ovulaza.

Humus - njira yachilengedwe yowonjezera chonde m'nthaka

Mitundu yambiri ya radish imakhala ndi muzu waukulu wa mbewu zambiri, motero aliyense wa iwo ayenera kupatsidwa gawo lofunika laumoyo. Ngati ndi ozungulira kapena pafupi ndi pamenepo, mabowo ali pabedi amapangidwa ndi kutalika kwa 20-25 masentimita, kusunga mzere kutalikiratu masentimita 40. Mukabzala mbewu za cylindrical muzu wamizere, mtunda pakati pawo ungachepetsedwe ndi 4-5 cm. radish imabzalidwa patterboard. "Khwangwala" kwambiri kumabweretsa kuwombera.

Kutalikirana pakati pa mbewu kuyenera kukhala kokwanira kuti mbewu iliyonse yam'mera imaperekedwa ndi malo abwino azakudya

Zomwe zimakhazikitsanso radish zakuda zimakhala zamasamba zilizonse ndi mbewu za muzu kupatula "abale" ake ochokera m'mabanja Cruciferous, horseradish, tsamba ndi beets wamba, kaloti. Ngati kusinthasintha kwa mbewu sikumawonedwa, chiopsezo chotenga matenda ndi kuukira kwa tizilombo chikukula kwambiri. Ngati palibe malo okwanira pa chiwembucho, mutha "kuwonjezera" chikhalidwe ndi tomato, nkhaka, anyezi, adyo, mbatata.

Radish ndi cholowa m'malo mwa radish yakuda, ngati Cruciferous ina

Mbewu ziyenera kubzala kale. Izi ndizofunikira kusintha kumera ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pogula, samalani ndi nthawi yomwe ntchito idzathe. Mbewu zakubadwa zosaposa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi sizabwino kubzala. Ndi ochepa okha omwe adzaphukira.

Mbewu zakuda zokha zimakhala zogwira ntchito kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi

Choyamba, amafunika kuti azinyowa mu njira ya sodium chloride (8-10 g / l) kwa mphindi pafupifupi 15 mpaka 20. Kuyandama pamtunda, mutha kuyitaya mwachangu - ichi ndi chipolopolo chopanda kanthu chomwe mulibe majeremusi. Zotsalira ndizouma ndikuzunguliridwa ndi sieve yabwino, ndikusankha mitundu yayikulu kwambiri.

Kulowerera mumchere kumathandizira kutaya mbewu "zosamveka"

Mbewu zoterezi zimakulungidwa ndi minofu yothira madzi wamba ofunda kapena yankho la biostimulant. Ikamuma, imasungunuka nthawi zonse. Kuchokera kukonzekera komwe kugula kukagula, Epin, potaziyamu humate, Zircon ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Palibe zoyipa ndi wowerengeka azitsamba - Aloe madzi, succinic acid, uchi manyuchi. Mbewu zimasungidwa kufikira pomwe zimaswa.

Gawo lomaliza ndikuwulula. Amawanyowa kwa tsiku limodzi ndi madzi ndikuphatikiza makhiristo angapo a potaziyamu permanganate (kwa pinki yotuwa). Mutha kuchepetsa kukonzanso nthawi mpaka mphindi 15 mpaka 20 ngati mugwiritsa ntchito fungic iliyonse yachilengedwe (Alirin-B, Tiovit-Jet, Bayleton, Baikal-EM).

Potaziyamu permanganate yankho - imodzi mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo

Radish yakuda imabzalidwa pansi, ndikusankha tsiku louma louma. Mbewuzo ndizambiri, motero payenera kukhala vuto ndi izi. Nthaka isanayambe komanso mutabzala radish wakuda imanyowa mozama. Amakwiriridwa pansi ndi masentimita 2-3. Kuchokera pamwamba, mabowo amawaza ndi dothi loonda kapena humus wophatikizidwa ndi mchenga. Omwe alimi ena amalimbikitsa mulching munda wonse, koma sizofunikira. Kenako dothi limapangidwa pang'ono ndipo bedi limatsekedwa ndi filimu ya pulasitiki. Mbande zamera zokhwima zimawonekera patatha masiku 3-4, apo ayi muyenera kudikira sabata kapena ochulukirapo.

Nyemba zakuda zokha zimamera mwachangu kwambiri

Wamaluwa odziwa bwino amalangizidwa kuti abzale mbewu ziwiri pachitsime chilichonse. Izi zikuthandizira mtsogolo popewa "mawanga" pamunda, ngati si onse omwe amabwera. Zomera zikapangika masamba awiri owona omwe atsalira kumbuyo, atakula, mbande zosalimba zimadulidwa kapena kumanikizidwa ndi zala zawo pafupi ndi dothi. Ndikosayenera kuzikoka kuti zisawononge mizu yomwe mwasankha.

Vidiyo: Kubzala nthangala zakuda pansi

Malangizo a kukula kwakuda

Kukula wakuda sikungafunike kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa wolima dimba. M'malo mwake, chisamaliro cha mbewu chimatsikira podulira mabedi, nthawi zina kumasula dothi ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kangapo pamnyengo. Gawo lalikulu laukadaulo waulimi ndi kuthirira koyenera.

Kulowetsa dothi kumathandizira kuti tisunge nthawi yomera. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze bedi lamundayo ndi wosanjikiza wa humus, peat crumb, ndi udzu kumene mwatsopano odulira 2-4 cm. Ndipo mulch imasunga chinyezi m'nthaka, kukulolani kuti muwonjezere zochulukirapo pakati pa kuthirira. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa olimawo omwe alibe mwayi wokhala nawo pachokha.

Zomera zamtundu wakuda, mosiyana ndi zoyera ndi zobiriwira, sizikhala ndi “nthambalala” m'nthaka zikamakula, mbewu sizifunikira kuti zimangidwe

Nyengo yokulira ya radishi yakuda ndi yayitali, koma imangofunikira kuvala ziwiri kapena zitatu zapamwamba pamsika. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamchere - kuchokera ku zinthu zanyumba, makamaka ngati zimayikidwa kwambiri, mizu yambiri ya fibrous imapangidwa m'malo amodzi, motero, ndipo zipatso ndizopunduka.

Chikhalidwe ndichabwino feteleza aliyense wazomera. Palibe chovala chapamwamba chapamwamba cha radish, kotero mutha kusankha kuchokera feteleza zamasamba. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi Aelita, Kemira-Lux, Novofert, Master. Nthawi yoyamba michere kuwonjezeredwa mu gawo lakapangika tsamba lowona, kenako patatha masiku 20-25.

Wopanga feteleza wina aliyense wazomera mbewu ndi yoyenera kupera radish

Chovala chomaliza chomaliza chimayenera kukhala ndi potaziyamu. Zimatengera iye kuti mbewu zake zimakhala zokoma komanso zowola bwanji. Mankhwala ena kupatula potaziyamu mankhwala enaake ndi oyenera - mcherewu suukondedwa kwambiri. Ndipo mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito phulusa la nkhuni pouma kapena ngati kulowetsedwa. Feteleza kumachitika pafupifupi milungu itatu isanachitike kuyerekeza kwa mizu.

Phulusa la nkhuni - gwero lachilengedwe la potaziyamu ndi phosphorous

Ndikokwanira kuthira mitundu yoyambirira yakucha kwambiri ndi yankho la michere kawiri - tsamba lachiwiri lowumbidwa litatha masiku ena 8-10. M'njira zonsezi, feteleza ayenera kukhala ndi nayitrogeni.

Mtundu uliwonse wamadzimadzi ndi chomera chokonda chinyezi. Ndikusowa kwamadzi, mbewu zamizu zimacheperachepera, khungu limayamba kuwekeka, mnofu umakhala "nkhuni", umasokonekera mu juiciness, umawawa kwambiri, ndipo ma voids amawonekera. Koma simungathe kudzaza. Izi zimakwiyitsa kukula kwa muzu zowola. Kuthirira kwambiri patatha nthawi yayitali "chilala" sichikulimbikitsidwa. Kupanda kutero, mbewu za muzu zimatha kusweka.

Kuthirira ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mtundu wabwinobwino ukhale wakuda, izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa onse mbande zazing'ono ndi zitsanzo zachikale

Zosiyanasiyana zamipatso zoyambirira ndi zapakati zimamwetsedwa masiku onse asanu ndi atatu. Zachidziwikire, izi zimatengera nyengo kunja. Mukutentha, zopangidwira pakati pa njirazi zimachepetsedwa mpaka masiku 2-3, ndipo ngati kumagwa mvula mosalekeza, radish imatha kuchita ndi mpweya wachilengedwe. Kwa mitundu yakupsa yakuchedwa, miyezi iwiri itamera, zophatikizira pakati pa ulimi wothirira zimachulukitsidwa mpaka milungu iwiri. Ndikofunika kuti mizu yolimba ikhale yowonda, ndipo mnofu - wandiweyani, osati wamadzi.

Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya njirayi ndi usiku wamadzulo dzuwa litalowa kapena m'mawa kwambiri. Ngati muli ndi luso lotsogolera, ndikofunika kukonzekera kuthirira - izi zimakupatsani mwayi kuti inyowetse nthaka mofananamo. Mlingo wamadzi akumwa ndi 10-15 l / m². Muthanso kuthilira radish kuchokera kuthirira, hose.

Pafupifupi ola limodzi mutathirira, chinyezi chikakhala chametsedwa kale, ndikofunika kumasula bedi la mundawo. Izi zimawononga kutumphuka kolimba panthaka ndikuthandizira kukulitsa bwino kwa mizu.

Olima dimba amalimbikitsa kumasula pang'ono muzu pa nthawi yomwe amalimidwa ma radafi kamodzi pa sabata. Izi zimathandizira kuchotsa mizu yotsatira. Monga mukuwonetsera, ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimangodya muzu muzu ndi zokulirapo, zimakhazikika.

Kanema: Kukula wakuda wakuda

Matenda ofanana ndi chikhalidwe ndi tizirombo

Mtundu wakuda mwachilengedwe umakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Chifukwa chake, sichikhala ndi matenda a fungus. Chosinthacho ndi malo obiriwira kapena mbewu zomwe zimathirira madzi nthawi zambiri komanso / kapena zochuluka. Matenda owopsa pachikhalidwe:

• Powdery Mildew Danga loyera la masamba, lofanana ndi ufa wowazidwa. Pang'onopang'ono, "imakulira" ndikusintha mtundu kukhala bulauni. Tiziwalo tomwe timakhudzidwa timawuma ndikufa.
• Aliyense. Ugly umamera pamizu ya mbewu. Gawo lakumwambalo limawuma.
• Zovunda. "Wet" wakuda-wakuda bulauni pamizu yazomera ndi masamba petioles. Zilonda zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimasinthika, zimakhala zofewa kukhudza, fungo losasangalatsa lotuluka limachokera kwa iwo. Mwina kuoneka ngati nkhungu pa nkhuni.

Zojambulajambula: Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wakuda

Mwa matenda omwe ali pamwambapa, ndi ufa wa powdery wokha womwe umatha kupezeka koyambirira. Zizindikiro za ziwiri zotsalazo pazomera zimawonekera pokhapokha ngati chitukuko chatha kale. Ndipo keel sayankha chithandizo ndi njira zamakono.

Chifukwa chake, chisamaliro chapadera chikuyenera kulipidwa pakupewa. Ukadaulo waluso wazamaphunziro ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kupukuta mbewu ndi dothi pabedi ndi phulusa lamatanda opindika, ndikuwonjezera makristalo angapo a potaziyamu permanganate pamadzi othirira nthawi ndi nthawi. Zomera zomwezo zimatha kuthiridwa ndi yankho la sulufule ya colloidal kapena phulusa la sopo, kuchepetsedwa ndi kefir yamadzi ndikuwonjezera ayodini. Pofuna kuthana ndi powdery mildew gwiritsani ntchito kukonzekera okhala ndi mkuwa - fungicides. Ndikofunika kuti muzisankha zokonda mwachilengedwe. Palinso mankhwala "akale omwe amayenera", kuyeserera kwake komwe kwayesedwa ndi mibadwo yoposa yamaluwa. Izi, mwachitsanzo, Bordeaux fluid, sulfate yamkuwa, oxychloride wamkuwa.

Musasiye mbewu zodwala m'mundamo. Izi ndiye gwero la kufalitsa kwa bowa wa pathogenic. Afunika kutulutsidwa ndikuwotchedwa posachedwa. Ndikofunika kuthira dothi m'malo ano ndi rasipiberi potaziyamu potanganum permanganate yothetsera kapena 5% yamkuwa sulphate chifukwa cha kupha tizilombo.

Tizirombo tambiri timadutsa chakuda chakuda. Sakonda masamba ndi masamba a mizu, omwe amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwamafuta ofunikira. Koma pali iwo omwe izi sizimayima.

• Tizilomboti tambiri. Chovala chachikulu komanso chowopsa cha mbewu. Peresenti ya ntchito zake imachitika panthawi yomwe ikubwera mphukira zakuda. Mbande zazing'ono zazing'ono zakuda, zomwe zimanyezimira ndi dzuwa, zimatha kuwononga kwathunthu, masamba azomera zazikulu amasintha kukhala chinthu chofanana kwambiri ndi sizi. Popewa, nthaka m'mundamo, mbande yoyamba ikaoneka, imakonkhedwa ndi phulusa losakaniza ndi masamba owuma a fodya ndi tsabola wapansi. Zomera zomwezo zimathiridwa ndi choko chophwanyika.
• Mphutsi za ntchentche. Akazi amayikira mazira m'nthaka. Mphutsi zosaswa zimadya greenery ndikuwononga khungu la mizu. Kuti muteteze kwa akuluakulu, tepi yomata yogwira ntchentche kapena zidutswa za makatoni, plywood, yokutira ndi guluu wowuma kwambiri, uchi, mafuta odzola, amamangidwa pafupi ndi kama. Nthaka m'mundamo nthawi ndi nthawi imathiriridwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi kapena owombera adyo. Tapeza mphutsi, radish imapakidwa sopo ndi suds wothira ndi madzi ndi koloko ya phulusa kapena ufa wa mpiru. Ngati palibe zotheka kuchokera ku wowerengeka azitsamba, gwiritsani ntchito Confidor-Maxi, Admiral, Tanrek.
• Slug. Ma Shell omwe ataya zipolopolo amadya mabowo akuluakulu masamba ndi mizu. Mbande zazing'ono zitha kuwonongeka kwathunthu. Zoyala zokutira zomata zonyezimira zimakhala pansi. Popewa, zitsamba zonunkhira, maluwa okhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri amabzalidwa pafupi ndi bedi kapena mu timipata. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zinthu zosaphika pakukonzekera infusions, kamene nthawi zina zimapopera mbewu zonsezo komanso dothi m'mundamo. Phulusa, mchenga, ndi nati kapena zipolopolo za mazira zophwanyidwa kuti zikhale ufa zimakonkhedwa pansi pa tsinde. Ma slgs amakopedwa pogwiritsa ntchito misampha - akasinja omwe anakumba m'nthaka, odzazidwa ndi mowa, kvass, kupanikizana kupanikizana, masamba odulidwa a kabichi. Kusonkhanitsa pamanja kumachitidwanso. Mankhwala (Meta, Bingu, Sludge) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo. Komabe, izi zimachitika kawirikawiri.

Zithunzi zojambulitsa: zomwe zimakhala zowopsa kwa radish zakuda zimawoneka bwanji

Kututa ndi kusunga

Zosiyanasiyana zakuda zakuda zoyambirira ndi zapakati, zobzalidwa masika, nthawi zambiri zimakololedwa pakati pa chilimwe. Ndiosafunika kuzengereza ndi izi - muzu wazipatso zomwe zimakhala zosapsa ndizopanda pake. Monga lamulo, mitundu iyi singadzitame chifukwa cha moyo wawo wa alumali, chifukwa chake imasungidwa mufiriji, mu thumba la pulasitiki lokhala ndi mipweya yoyatsira mpweya. Muzu masamba kukhalabe watsopano ndi watsopano kwa 18-25 masiku. Kutentha firiji - sabata lalitali.

Chakudya chamadzulo chizikolola pakakhala nyengo yabwino. Ndondomeko iyenera kutsirizika chisanachitike chisanu choyamba. Nthawi zambiri zokolola zimachitika mu Okutobala. Zipatso zomwe zimadziwitsidwa ndi kutentha kwa kutentha.

Kututa kwa radish wakuda kuyenera kuthandizidwa kuchotsa pamaso pa chisanu choyamba

Kenako amasiyidwa m'mundayo kwa maola angapo kuti nthaka yomatira muzu ikuma. Pambuyo pake, zamasamba zimatsukidwa dothi ndikuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Pakusungira kwakanthawi kokwanira, okhawo omwe alibe zowonongeka pang'ono pakhungu - makina kapena zovuta zowonongeka ndi matenda, tizirombo, ndioyenera.

Mukayanika, mbande zakuda zakuda ndizosavuta kuyeretsa.

Pa mbewu yosankhidwa, nsonga ndi mizu yaying'ono imadulidwa ndikuyikidwa pamabokosi amatabwa kapena pamatoni. Kukhalapo kwa mabowo a mpweya wabwino ndikofunikira. Kuti zipatso zisalumikizane, amawaza ndi mchenga wonyowa, tchipisi tating'onoting'ono, zokutira, utuchi, pepala lolemba bwino.

Musanagone kuti musungidwe muzu mbewu zakuda radish, ndikofunikira kudula nsonga

Sungani zakuda zakuda m'chipinda chapansi, cellar, chipinda china chakuda ndi mpweya wabwino. Kutentha kumasungidwa pa 2-3ºС. Mu mbewu yofunda mizu imaphuka mwachangu. Chinyezi chachikulu chimafunikanso - 80% kapena kuposa. Mwanjira imeneyi, mbewu za muzu zidzagona mpaka kumapeto kwa Januware. Mwa mitundu ina, moyo wa alumali ndiwotalikirapo - radish sichikuwonongeka mpaka kuphukira.

Radish wakuda ndi wozindikira kwambiri komanso wathanzi mizu. Kukula paokha chiwembu champhamvu ngakhale wamaluwa wa novice. Alibe zofunikira paulimi, koma kuti atolole zochuluka, ndikofunika kuti azimvera "zofuna" zake zochepa.