Mitengo ya kanjedza yamkati imathandizira mkati mwa chipinda chirichonse. Amabweretsa zovuta zowonongeka, zowonongeka, zodzaza chipindachi ndi chimwemwe ndi chimwemwe. Komabe, mwatsoka, zomera izi zimadwala nthawi zambiri.
Nkhaniyi imalongosola matenda ofala kwambiri ndi tizirombo ta mitengo ya kanjedza, komanso njira zolimbana nazo. Pokumbukira malamulo oyendetsera chisamaliro, kukhazikitsa nthawi yothetsera matenda, mungathe kuonetsetsa kuti nthawi yayitali ndikukula bwino komanso kukuthandizani kuti mukhale wokongola kwambiri.
Matenda opatsirana a mitengo ya kanjedza ndi momwe angachitire ndi iwo
Matenda opatsirana amachititsa mavuto ambiri ku chomera, ngakhale kutero. Palma amasiya maonekedwe ake okongola, mabala, amafookera ndipo amafunika kulandira njira zowononga kuti apulumuke.
Matenda opatsirana angapeze chomera pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana:
- chisamaliro chosayenera;
- kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yoipitsidwa;
- chodzala mphukira yodwala;
- Matenda ochokera ku zomera zapafupi.
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba zimatha kukhala mu nthaka ya miphika ndi pamakoma a zitsamba kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri. Choncho, kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu kwa chomera, nthaka ikuyenera kutayidwa. Thanki iyenera kuchitidwa ndi fungicide ndi steamed kapena kutayidwa.
Malo a Leaf
Matenda oterewa amayamba ndi bowa. Mawanga amawonekera pa masamba a chomera. Amakhala ozungulira komanso ovundala, akhoza kukhala a mtundu wosiyana (wachikasu, woyera, wofiira, wobiriwira, wofiira, wofiira), nthawi zina amaikidwa pamphepete mwa malire.
Kukula kwa mawanga kumadalira kukula kwa chomera ndi bowa. Ndi kutentha kwambiri ndi nthaka, bowa limakula mofulumira kwambiri. Ngati simutenga nthawi, masamba amatha.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizo:
- kuthirira madzi;
- mkulu chinyezi;
- kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yovunda kapena mphukira;
- zomera zoledzera;
- nthaka siidutsa bwino.
- zowonongeka masamba;
- spray mbewu ndi fungicides;
- kuthirira.
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwalawa amapezeka ndi mankhwala, ndipo amayenera kuponyedwa kunyumba kapena ku ofesi kumene anthu ndi ana ali. Choncho ndikofunikira kusankha zosakanikirana zochepa. Izi zikuphatikizapo "Fundazol" ndi "Topaz". Pamene kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito bandage, ndipo ndondomeko yokhayo ikwaniritsidwe pa nthawi yomwe palibe aliyense mu chipinda.
Manja a Penicillosis
Matendawa amakhudza masamba aang'ono pamwamba pa chomeracho. Mawanga a mdima amapangidwa pa iwo. Ndi kukula kwa matenda, kukula kwa mawanga kumakula. Patapita sabata ndi theka, amaoneka ngati chipika choyera, chomwe chimapanga fungal spores. Masamba amatenga mawonekedwe oipa.
Bowa limayamba m'nthaka, kenako limasunthira ku kanjedza. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizo:
- kuthirira madzi;
- kutentha kwa mpweya;
- kuyika chomera dzuwa;
- kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yoipitsidwa.
- kuchepetsa chinyezi cha nthaka ndi mpweya;
- Chotsani chomeracho dzuwa;
- chotsani masamba owonongeka;
- ndondomeko ya fungicides.
Mizu yovunda
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa matenda omwe amafala kwambiri. The causative agent ndi bowa. Zowola zowonongeka zimapezeka chifukwa cha kuthirira kwambiri nthaka.
Matendawa amakula mofulumira kwambiri. Poyamba, masambawo amatembenukira chikasu, kenako amdima. Kwa nthawi, zomera zimatha. Mitundu yamakhalidwe apamwamba pamazu.
Mukudziwa? N'zotheka kuchiza mtengo wamtengo wa kanjedza kuchokera ku zowola kokha pokhapokha pazigawo zoyamba za matendawa komanso mwa kuika.
Chomeracho chiyenera kuchotsedwa mu mphika ndikuchotsa mizu yonse ya matenda. Ngakhale malo ophwanyika pang'ono ayenera kuchotsedwa. Masamba onse owonongeka komanso zimayambira ayenera kudulidwa. Ndiye chomeracho chimayikidwa mu yankho la fungicide ("Homezin", "Kuprozan").
Mankhwalawa adzawononga spores za bowa, zomwe zingathe kukhazikika pa mizu yathanzi. Apo ayi, pangakhale pangozi kuti pambuyo pake, chomeracho chidzapitirizabe kufota.
Pambuyo pa mphindi 15, mtengo wamtengo wa kanjedza umachotsedwa pazothetsera vutoli, ndibwino kuti tifafanize malo a mizu yodulidwa ndi phala lamoto kapena pulogalamu yakuda ya malasha. Zomera zimayikidwa mu mphika watsopano ndi nthaka yatsopano.
Pasanathe sabata mutatha kuziika, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiridwa pang'ono ndi njira yothetsera fungicide. Mpaka mtengo wamtengo wa kanjedza utakhazikika pamalo atsopano komanso masamba atsopano amaonekera, kuthirira kumakhala koyenera.
Tsinde lavunda
Matendawa amakwiya ndi bowa. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi kuthirira mopitirira muyeso, madontho akuluakulu achitsulo, feteleza osakwanira.
Masambawa ali ndi madontho a mdima, amvula, omwe maonekedwe oyera amapezeka. Matendawa amakula mofulumira ndipo amatsogolera ku imfa yonse ya mbeu.
Njira zovuta:
- kuchotsedwa kwa masamba onse odwala;
- Kujambula kanjedza, monga momwe zilili ndi mizu yovunda.
Komabe, ngati matendawa atayipitsa kwambiri mbewu, kanjedza sichidzapulumutsidwa. Iye ndi mphika ndi nthaka ayenera kutayidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuteteza chomeracho kuchokera kuchipatalacho, chikwangwani chiyenera kuikidwa m'chipinda chabwino cha mpweya komanso kusungidwa kutentha, osadula nthaka. Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira, dulani pang'ono chala chanu pansi. Kumbukirani kuti pamtunda nthaka ikhoza kukhala youma, pomwe imakhala yozama kwambiri.
Matenda a kanjedza opanda chisamaliro chosayenera ndi njira zolimbana nazo
Chisamaliro chosafuna kudzichepetsa. Komabe, kusasunga malamulo oyendetsera kutentha, ulimi wothirira ndi kudyetsa chakudya kumayambitsa matenda. Kukhazikitsidwa panthaŵi yake kuthetsa zolakwika mu chisamaliro kudzabweretsanso kukongola kwakukulu kuwonetsetsa bwino ndi chitukuko chogwira ntchito.
Ambiri amawopsa chifukwa cha kanjedza kusamba kosayenera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yovuta kwambiri komanso imere chomera, kapena kudyetsa mizu, komanso zakudya zosakwanira. Pambuyo pake, masamba a kanjedza amatumbululuka, amakhala ndi mawanga, zomera zimafooka ndipo pamapeto pake zimatha.
Mawanga a Brown
Amapangidwa chifukwa cha nthaka yothira madzi kwambiri kapena kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ouma kwa ulimi wothirira. Zotsatira zoterezi zingayambitsenso chifukwa chotsika kutentha komwe kuli malo. Mawangawo ali ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula.
Poyamba amakhala ochepa, ozungulira, kenako amakula ndikukhala amodzi.. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, m'pofunikira kutenthetsa madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi olekanitsa, ndi kusunga firiji m'chipindamo. Masamba onse owonongeka amayenera kukonzedwa.
Masamba apansi kutembenukira bulauni
Masamba otsika amatembenukira bulauni akamakalamba. Mu moyo wa chomera, masamba ake amasinthidwa nthawi zonse: ana amawombera kuchokera pamwamba, ndipo m'munsimu amakhala osagwira ntchito ndi kupeza mtundu wofiirira.
Masamba amenewo ayenera kuchotsedwa. Masamba akale adatenganso zakudya kuchokera ku chomeracho, choncho ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti athetse katunduyo pa mizu ndikupanga mphukira zatsopano.
Malingaliro a masamba akusintha bulauni.
Zifukwa zomwe masamba a kanjedza amatembenukira bulauni ndi awa:
- mpweya wouma;
- kuthirira madzi okwanira;
- kutentha kwakukulu.
- kutsuka masamba ndi madzi;
- normalize kuthirira;
- Ngati kutentha mu chipinda chiri pansi pa 18 ° C, sungani chomeracho ku chipinda chotentha kapena malo amtengo wapulasitiki kapena mapulala pansi pa mphika.
Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yozizira, musalole masamba a kanjedza kuti asinthe mawindo. Pofuna kupewa chomeracho, ikani pulasitiki, phula la pulasitiki kapena nsalu yotentha pawindo lazenera pansi pa mphika.
Mawanga ozungulira ndi halo yofiira
Zosokoneza zoterezi zimachitika poyika chomera dzuwa. Musatuluke chikondwerero cha dzuwa, makamaka m'chilimwe.
Chomeracho chimafuna kuunika, koma kuwala kwa dzuwa kumatentha masamba. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, kanjedza iyenera kusunthidwira kumalo ena kumene sichidzadziwika ndi dzuwa.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi momwe tingawalamulire
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadyetsa zomera zomwe timadya komanso timadya zakudya zonse. Motero, mtengo wamtengo wa kanjedza umataya zakudya zake zonse ndipo pamapeto pake umatha. Kutenga nthawi yoyenera tizilombo towononga tizilombo kudzapulumutsa zomera ndikubwezeretsanso ku chitukuko choyenera.
Kuwuluka kwa matenda otero kumaphatikizidwa ndi kuphwanya kutentha, mikhalidwe yosavuta, chisamaliro chosayenera cha kanjedza, zojambula.
Mukudziwa? Pali tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachokera ku mtundu wina wa mbewu kupita ku wina ndikupitiriza kuwonetsa. Choncho, ngati pali chomera china pafupi ndi mtengo wa kanjedza zomwe zakhala zikuwonongeka kapena zowonongeka ndi tizirombo, mtengo wa kanjedza ukhoza kuthandizidwa.
Pliers
Ichi ndi mankhwala owopsa kwambiri a kanjedza. Zikuwoneka ngati kangaude, mwina wofiira, bulauni, imvi. Imaikidwa pansi pa masamba. Pansi pa masambawa muli ndi maluwa oyera, omwe nthata zimayenda.
Tizilombo timadya chakudya chomera. Masamba owonongeka amadzazidwa ndi mawanga achikasu. Kupha nkhupakupa Chomeracho chiyenera kupatsidwa chithandizo monga Vertimek, Mevrik, cyclamen decoction. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata mpaka kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa tizilombo.
Mealybug
Masamba, mabala, mapesi ndi zodabwitsa. Tizilombo timene timakhala tambiri komanso timene timakhala oyera. Lowani mitsempha, mu mitsempha, masamba a masamba aang'ono, pa mizu.
Amadyetsa chomera chomera. Chifukwa cha ntchito yofunikira ya tizirombo, zomera zimachepetsanso kukula, zimafooketsa, masamba amatala chilakolako chokhala ndi thanzi, amatembenuka.
Kuti kuchotsani mealybugs, chomeracho chiyenera kupopedwa "Vertimemekom" kamodzi pa sabata mpaka kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati chomeracho sichingakhudzidwe kwambiri, masamba omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Kupuma
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, mawonekedwe a thupi, mapiko awiri. Kukula kwa tizilombo kumapangitsa kuti mpweya uume ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Amadyetsa chomera chomera. Masamba amatembenuka, ataya mtundu wawo, ataphimbidwa ndi mawanga ofiira.
Patapita nthawi, masamba amatha. Ku njira zovuta imapopera mankhwala "Vertimekom" kapena "Fitoverm".
Ndikofunikira! Thrips ndi olimba kwambiri. Kutentha kwapakati ndibwino kwambiri kubereka kwawo. Kwa nthawi yaitali iwo akhoza kukhala pawindo, makoma a mphika. Choncho, amafunikanso kuti azichiritsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Choncho, matenda a mitengo ya kanjedza ndi tizirombo timayambira makamaka chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera, mikhalidwe yosayenera mu chipinda.
Matenda opatsirana amayamba chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa kwa kanjedza ndi bowa. Mafungicides amathandiza kuwathetsa; tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizirombo.
Kuonjezerapo, pofuna kuchiza matenda, nkofunika kukonza zolakwika pakusamalira mbewu mosayembekezereka.
