Mphesa Amirkhan - tebulo zosiyanasiyana mphesa zoyambirira kucha. Zosiyanasiyana sizabwino, koma chifukwa chosavuta komanso kukana kuzizira, sizongokhala ku gawo lathu la Europe kokha, komanso ku Siberia ndi Far East. Amirkhan ndi mphesa wamba yotsegulira nyengo yachilimwe, imakhala yotchuka kwambiri.
Mbiri yakukulidwa kwa mitundu ya mphesa ku Amirkhan
Mphesa Amirkhan adaberekera ku Kuban, mumzinda wa Novocherkassk, mu All-Russian Science Science Research Institute of Agriculture and Culture yotchedwa Ya.I. Potapenko, komwe akhala akusamalira mphesa kwa nthawi yayitali. Ntchito yotsogola ikufuna kupeza mitundu yatsopano yomwe imatha kumera ndi nyengo yovuta. Ndipo popeza kuli ambiri omwe amapezeka vinyo ku Iuban, palibe mavuto ndi kafukufuku wokwanira wamitundu yatsopano.
All-Russian Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking idakonzedwa zaka zisanachitike nkhondo. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezedwa kumalo ophunzirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa ntchito malo amodzimodzi, komanso akupanga vinyo m'mayiko ambiri. Ndipo monga Kukwatulidwa, Talisman, Victoria ndi mitundu ina yapadera yosakanizidwa imagwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano ndi omwe amateur obereketsa amtundu wamtundu wa mphesa waposachedwa.
Mu 1958, kuyesa mphesa kosiyanasiyana kunakonzedwa m'boma. Pazaka zomwe zadutsa kuyambira pamenepo, Sosaiti idasinthira mitundu 77 kuti iyesedwe, kuphatikiza 52 ochulukirapo. State Record of Selection Achievement omwe Akuloledwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito akuphatikizapo mitundu 20 ya kuswana kwa VNIIViV. Ogwira ntchito ku Institute pawokha amawona mitundu yabwino kwambiri kukhala Vostorg, Agat Donskoy, Northern Cabernet, Druzhba, Platovsky, Finist, ndi ena. Amirkhan osiyanasiyana sanaphatikizidwe pamndandandawu. Zikuwoneka kuti, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, omwe adzipanga okha sanawone zabwino zilizonse ku Amirkhan.
Amirkhan adapangidwa ndikukuphatikiza mitundu Yagdon ndi Ngale ya Saba. Monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse kuti achite bwino kuti asakanize, amatenga kuchokera kwa makolo mikhalidwe yawo yabwino koposa ya makolo. Koma chinthu chachikulu chomwe Amirkhan amatha kunyadira ndikuti chitha kupezeka pafupi ndi nyengo iliyonse. Pakadali pano, amadziwika pafupifupi ku Russia konse, adakula bwino ku Siberia ndi Far East.
Mphesa Pearl Saba - m'modzi mwa makolo a Amirkhan
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Amirkhan amakula m tchire laling'ono kapena lalitali. Kusasitsa ndi zipatso za mphukira ndizokwera kwambiri. Masamba ndi ozungulira, osasankhidwa pang'ono, okhala ndi mbali zolimba. Yalengeza kukana chisanu - mpaka -23 ... -25 zaC, kukaniza matenda pamlingo wamba. Zofalitsidwa mosavuta ndi zodula bwino, koma ku Siberia ndi Altai Territory nthawi zambiri imalumidwa ndikalumikizidwa pamitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu kwambiri. Zochulukitsa mbewu sizisamalidwa bwino, kusintha ndikofunikira: popanda icho, kucha kwa zipatso kumachedwetsedwa, ndipo kukula kwawo kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Zokolola zamitundu mitundu ndizochepa: pafupifupi 3 makilogalamu a zipatso amatengedwa kuthengo. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyambirira: kuyambira pakutsegulira masamba oyamba kukolola, zimatenga miyezi inayi. Chifukwa chake, kum'mwera kwa Russia, zipatso zimapangidwa pakatikati pa Ogasiti, ndipo pakatikati kapena kum'mwera kwa Belarus - pafupi koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira. Ku Siberia, amadziwika kuti ndi mphesa zapakatikati. Zosiyanasiyana ndizodzala zokha, sizifunika kupukutira mungu, motero, kuti mugwiritse ntchito mwatsopano, chitsamba chimodzi chokha chingabzalidwe, koma kwa banja lalikulu ndikuwonjezera nthawi yayitali kuti mudye mphesa, muyenera, kukhala ndi zitsamba zinanso za 1-2 zamtundu wina. Zosiyanasiyana sizioneka pang'onopang'ono, zimayenda bwino kwambiri mungu ngakhale zili ndi chinyezi chambiri.
Masango ambiri amakhala a cylindrical, a sing'anga kukula: kulemera kwa 400 mpaka 800 g.Munthu payekha amatha mpaka 1 kg. Zipatso zonse ndi zofanana kukula kwake ndipo zimapanikizidwa mwamphamvu. Magulu amavomerezana mayendedwe.
Zipatso zakucha za Amirkhan siziri zapinki; kokha gawo laling'ono la iwo limasweka
Zipatsozo zimatalika pang'ono, zimakhala ndi khungu loonda komanso zamkati kwambiri. Mbewu ndizochepa kwambiri. Kukula kwa zipatso ndi avareji, unyinjiwo umachokera pa 4 mpaka 6. g mphesa zimakhala ndi ulaliki wabwino kwambiri. Kununkhaku ndikosavuta, kokoma, ndipo kumakhala ndi mthunzi wosalala wa nutmeg. Zomwe zili ndi shuga mu zipatso ndi 17-19%. Moyo wa alumali ndi watali, mwezi umodzi ndi theka mpaka miyezi iwiri. Mphesa Amirkhan ndi amitundu mitundu ya patebulopo: imadyedwa mwatsopano, koma itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonzekera zosiyanasiyana (monga timadziti, zakumwa za zipatso, zoteteza, zoumba).
Makhalidwe a mphesa za Amirkhan
Tasanthula kufotokozera kwa mphesa za Amirkhan, tiyesa kumfotokozera mwatsatanetsatane. Zachidziwikire, mwa chizindikiro chilichonse mutha kupeza mitundu yabwino kwambiri komanso yoyipa, ngati mungayerekeze Amirkhan ndendende ndi mitundu ya matebulo a zipatso zoyambirira, izi sizimadziwika. Zabwino zake ndi izi:
- makhalidwe abwino ogulitsa ma bunches ndi mayendedwe ake;
- kukoma kwambiri kwa zipatso zokoma;
- kusowa kwa msambo;
- kudzilamulira (sikufuna ma pollinator);
- kutetezedwa kwabwino kwa mbewu zonse mu tchire ndi mufiriji;
- Kukula mwachangu ndi kucha kwabwino mphukira;
- kufalikira pofalitsa;
- kukana kwambiri chisanu;
- chisamaliro.
Zoyipa zamitundu mitundu, viticulturists amaganiza:
- kukana kwapakati pa matenda akulu a mphesa;
- kufunika kwa kudulira mwaluso ndi kugawa mbewu, popanda zipatsozo ndizochepa kwambiri;
- zokolola zochepa.
Mawonekedwe obzala ndi kukula
Ngakhale nzika za novice za chilimwe zimatha kubzala Amirkhan pamalo awo, chifukwa kusamalira mphesa ndizosavuta. Ngakhale malamulo obzala, kapena ukadaulo wowasamalira samasiyana ndi omwe amapezeka paz mitundu ina. Amirkhan ndi mtundu wa mphesa zapamwamba za tebulo zomwe zimafunikira malo obisalirako nyengo yachisanu. Nthaka yabwino yokulima mphesa ingakhale yachulowa ceralozem.
Monga mphesa zilizonse, amakonda madera otetezedwa ndi mphepo yozizira. Ndikofunika kuti makoma a nyumbayo kapena mpanda wopanda kanthu uteteze zitsamba kuchokera kumbali yakumpoto. Ngati izi sizingatheke, wamaluwa ambiri amapanga zotetezera mwapadera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zabwino.
Khoma lomwe lili kumpoto lidzatseka mphesa kuchokera kumphepo yamkuntho
Amirkhan imafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi zodula, kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka komwe kuli kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mmera ukhoza kudzalidwa nokha, mutha kubzala tsinde mu tsinde la wina, mitundu yambiri yamtchire, mwachitsanzo, mphesa za Amur. Nthawi zambiri ku Far East ndi Siberia amatero. Mukamasankha mmera, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti uli ndi mizu yolimba. Asanabzike, mmera umayenera kutsitsidwa m'madzi kwa tsiku, ndikudula pang'ono nsonga za mizu kuti idadzaze ndi chinyezi. Mutha kubzala mphesa m'dzinja, koma ndibwinobwino mu April.
Kudzala masika, dzenjelo likhale lokonzeka kugwa. Ndipo pasadakhale, m'chilimwe, malowa asankhidwa ayenera kukumbidwa ndi feteleza (kompositi, phulusa, superphosphate), kuchotsa udzu wamuyaya. Panyengo yophukira, muyenera kukumba bowo lalikulu, masentimita 70 mozama komanso m'mimba mwake. Kuboola pansi (15 cm masentimita amiyala, miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena njerwa yosweka) ndikofunikira pa mphesa. Pansi pa dzenje, feteleza wophatikizidwa ndi dothi labwino ayenera kuyikiridwa. Pamwambapa, pomwe mizu yaying'ono ikhala, nthaka yoyera yokha ndiyofunika kuyikidwapo. Pansi pa dzenje, muyenera kujambula chidutswa cha chitoliro, kuti zaka zoyambirira, thirirani mbande m'mizu.
Kwa zaka zochepa zoyambirira, chitoliro chomwe chimakokedwa kumizu chimapereka madzi okwanira.
Mphesa zibzalidwe mozama kuti masamba osapitilira awiri akhale pamwamba. Kuthirira mmera, ndikofunika kuti mulch nthaka yozungulira.
Kusamalira Amirkhan ndikosavuta: kuthirira, kuphatikiza, mphukira za garter, kudulira, mankhwala othandizira. Chilichonse kupatula kubzala sichimafunikira chidziwitso chapadera. Kuchepetsa, komabe, kuyenera kuphunzira, popanda izi ndizosatheka: zokolola zimangokulirapo chaka chilichonse.
Madzi ochulukirapo safunikira, koma kuthilira nthawi ndi nthawi ndikofunikira, makamaka kumadera louma. Kufunika kwamadzi ndikofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa zipatso, koma kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa July Amirkhan kuthirira kuyenera kuyimitsidwa: zipatso zake zizipeza shuga ndikuyamba kukhala chokoma. Panthawi yophukira yophukira, kuthirira kwa dzinja ndikofunikira posachedwa posungira tchire nthawi yachisanu. Kudyetsa nthawi zambiri kumalimbikitsidwa ndi phulusa: kuyika malita 1-2 pachaka pansi pa chitsamba. Zaka ziwiri zilizonse kumayambiriro kwa kasupe - kupanga zidebe ziwiri za humus, kuzikwirira m'maenje osaya m'mbali mwa thengo. Ndipo kawiri nthawi yachilimwe, kuvala kwapamwamba kumayenera kuchitika pobowaza masamba ndi mayankho ofooka a feteleza. Maluwa asanafike maluwa ndi pambuyo pake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito maofesi amamineral, pakudya, pakatha milungu iwiri, amangokhala ndi potashi ndi phosphorous.
Amirkhan ali ndi kukana kwapakati pa matenda a mphesa, ndipo chifukwa cha prophylactic, kupopera mbewu kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi yankho la sulfate yachitsulo kumafunika. Malinga ndi koni wobiriwira, ndiye kuti, pa nthawi yoyambira kuwonjezera masamba kuchokera masamba, mutha kuthira madzi 1 Bordeaux. Ngati masamba angapo akuwonekera pa mphukira, ndikofunikira kuwaza mpesa ndi mankhwala a Ridomil Gold.
Amayesa kupatula kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi mkuwa kuyambira pakugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, koma palibe fungicides zambiri zomwe ndizosavuta komanso zodalirika kuposa msanganizo wa Bordeaux.
Kumayambiriro kwam'mawa, isanayambike kuyamwa, mbewu yochepa chabe ya chitsamba imatha kugwira. Ndiosavuta kwambiri kudula mphesa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu. Koma ntchito yayikulu pakuchotsa chitsamba kuchokera ku mphukira zowonjezereka, kuphwanya mitengo yotsika ndipo, mwatsoka, gawo lina la masango liyenera kuchitika m'chilimwe, pomwe akadali obiriwira komanso ang'ono: palibe masamba awiri omwe ayenera kutsalira kuwombera kulikonse ku Amirkhan, malingana ndi mawonekedwe a mitunduyo. Ngati mugwira ntchito molimbika m'chilimwe, mu kugwa kudzakhala kosavuta. Katundu wonse pachitsamba sayenera kupitirira 40 maso.
Ntchito zobiriwira pa mphesa ndizosavuta ndipo sizivulaza.
Isanayambike chisanu (kumapeto kwa Okutobala), mipesa yonse imayenera kuchotsedwa mu trellis, yomangidwa m'matumba ndikutchingira ndi zinthu zilizonse zotentha pansi. M'madera osavutirapo kwambiri, nthambi za spruce kapena pine spruce, masamba owuma masamba ndi oyenera izi, mu nyengo yankhanza amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosapota kapena zipika zakale. Vuto ndiloti pansi pawo akumva mbewa zabwino zomwe zimatafuna makungwa a mphesa. Zotsatira zake, gawo lonse lakumtunda limafa. Chifukwa chake, pakakhala malo achitetezo champhamvu, mankhwala ophera tizilomboti amafunika kuwola pansi pake.
Tsoka ilo, za mitundu yosaneneka ya mphesa monga Amirkhan, makanema apamwamba sanawomberedwe, ndipo zomwe zimaperekedwa pa intaneti sizabwino kwenikweni kuti ziwoneke. Malongosoledwe mwa iwo amabwera ndi mawu osintha.
Kanema: mphesa za Amirkhan
Ndemanga
Ndikukula Amirkhan zaka 18. Ndimamukonda. Chaka chino zidatuluka zabwino kwambiri. chabwino, gulu linali lalikulu kwambiri 850 gr., ndipo makamaka 600-700. Berry 4-5, khungu limakhala lopyapyala, mnofu ndiwopatsa minofu, wachifundo. Sipakhala kuthirira kwina konse, kumakhala kupukutidwa bwino ngakhale nthawi yamvula. Sakonda kudzaza kwambiri, ndiye kuti zipatsozo ndizocheperako (ndinali nazo chaka chatha, pomwe ndinasiya magulu awiri kuti ndithawe). Amakonda kuwola imvi, koma ndizosowa kwambiri. Ma wasp amamukonda, ndipo amawotcha padzuwa, ndimapachika kaphokoso.
Vladimir Petrov//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=27425
Zosiyanasiyana ndizofunikira kwambiri pamalamulo onse a masango ndi mphukira. Ndi zochulukitsa pang'ono, mabulosi satenga shuga ndipo mpesa umakula bwino. Ndikofunikira kulabadira masango. Masango ndi wandiweyani ndipo pakucha mabulosi amadzinyenga okha, ndipo msuzi unathamangira kwa inu ndi mavu ndi zowola imvi. Ndinkapanga tsitsi lonyamula tsitsi, mkati mwa burashi pamasamba, ndimachotsa zonse zazing'ono ndi gawo la zipatso zabwinobwino. Zotsatira zake, maburashi adayamba kukhala owoneka bwino kwambiri, mabulosiwo ndi okulirapo pang'ono komanso chofunikira kwambiri, mabulosi sanadzigwiritse okha.
Vladimir//plodpitomnik.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=260
Amirkhanchik akhazikika m'dera langa. 4th fruiting. Amapukusa chilimwe chilichonse ndi shuga wabwino. Gulu lowonda kwambiri asanasinthidwe ndi zipatso, koma osasweka kapena kuvunda. Ndimakonda dzuwa.
Victor//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=944.0
Amirkhan ndi mitundu ya mphesa yomwe sinawonetse chilichonse chapadera, koma yakula m'gawo lalikulu la dziko lathu. Ichi ndichifukwa cha kusasamala, kukolola koyambilira komanso kukoma kwa zipatso. Chifukwa cha zokolola zochepa, wolimayo angafunikire kubzala tchire zingapo zamtundu wina, koma Amirkhan ngakhale opanda ma pollinators amabala zipatso nthawi zonse.
