Nthawi zambiri momwe timawonera, pawa kanema wawayilesi, momwe wolima munda wosadziwika ndi wina aliyense adakulirapo dzungu. Nkhanizi zimatsagana ndi chithunzi cha mwana wosabadwa wamkulu kwambiri, ndipo kukumbukira zaubwana kumadzafika pakumbukidwe kuti kalelo kukongola kotereku kumatha kusinthidwa kukhala ngolo ndikukwera mpira. Nthano ndi nthano zachabe, koma mutha kukulitsanso dzungu lalikulu nthawi yathu yeniyeni. Inde, muyenera kudziwa zinsinsi ndi malamulo ena.
Dzungu zakudya
Nyengo yokukula maungu, kutengera mitundu, ndi kuyambira masiku 90 mpaka 110. Munthawi imeneyi, chikhalidwe chimatha kukwera ndi kubala chipatso, chomwe kulemera kwake komwe nthawi zina kumafikira 50 kg ndipo pamwambapa - apa zimatengera zosiyanasiyana. Kuti mabulosi, omwe ndendende omwe akatswiri a sayansi atcha chipatso cha dzungu, kuti akukule komanso azikoma, muyenera kuyesetsa.
Bulu lalikulu dzungu - kunyada kwa nyakulima
Mfundo zofunika pakukula kwa mbeu iyi ndi:
- malo - malo otseguka dzuwa;
- nthaka ndi yachonde, yopanda kanthu, yokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe;
- kuthirira - wokhazikika komanso wambiri;
- kuvala pamwamba - munthawi yake, poganizira kukula.
Dzungu, monga mbewu zina zamasamba ambiri, limafunikira zofunika michere - nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, koma pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yakukula, mbewuyo imafunikira michere ndi michere yambiri.
Choyamba kudyetsa
Maungu nthawi zambiri amabzala kudzera mbande, makamaka kumpoto. Ndi njira iyi yokulira, chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimaperekedwa kwa mbande pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa tsamba lachiwiri lowona. Kupitilira apo, musanabzale mbande m'nthaka, feteleza amapaka milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Nthawi yoyamba mbungu zam'madzi kudyetsedwa pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa tsamba lachiwiri lenileni
Kuti mupeze yankho la michere, onjezani malita 10 a madzi:
- 1 litre ya mullein kapena feteleza wobiriwira;
- 20 g wa superphosphate;
- 15 g wa mchere wa potaziyamu;
- 15 g wa ammonium nitrate.
Ndi yankho lomweli, mutha kudyetsa dzungu lofesedwa ndi njere mu nthaka yoyamba.
Zofunika! Mukadyetsa mbande kapena mbande zazing'ono za maungu ndi ma feteleza ovuta a michere mbewu, kupatsirana kuyenera kucheperako kawiri kuposa zomwe zalembedwazi. Wopangayo amapereka zofunikira pazomera zazikulu, ndipo ngati mbande zotere zambiri zitha kupha.
Kuchulukitsa kwa feteleza kumadalira chonde. Dzungu limamera bwino pamulu wa kompositi, koma kompositi nthawi zambiri limasungidwa pamthunzi, ndipo mbewuyo imafunikira malo dzuwa. Odziwa odziwa zamaluwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira amakonzera dzungu - amatenga zinyalala zamundawo kuti zizigundika, ndikuwaza ndi dothi ndikuziphimba ndi zojambulazo kapena agrofiberi. Mu nthawi yamasika, mbande zamunguzi zimabzidwa pamuluwu kapena milu yobzalidwa. Njira yakukula iyi kumathetsa kufunika kwa nayitrogeni, omwe amadzaza ndi michere, chifukwa chomeracho chimalandira zonse zofunikira kuchokera kuzotsalira za chomera. Gawo la mapangidwe zipatso, dzungu limakula pamulu limadyetsedwa kawiri ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu.
Dzungu wamkulu pa mulu wa kompositi safunika feteleza
Mitundu ya feteleza dzungu
Akakula pabedi lokhazikika, dzungu limadyetsedwa masabata awiri aliwonse, kuyambitsa feteleza wophatikiza ndi michere ndi michere. Kuti mizu ya chomera ilandire zowonjezera zonse chifukwa cha iwo, ma grooves akuya masentimita 6-8 amapangidwa mozungulira chomera chilichonse pamtunda wa 20-25 cm. Feteleza woyamba, wouma komanso wamadzimadzi, umawonjezeredwa kumiyala ndikumwazidwa ndi nthaka. Pakudya kwina, kuzama kumachitika mopitilira pang'ono - mtunda wa 40 cm kuchokera ku chitsamba.
Kuzungulira chitsamba chopanga ndikupangira poyambira pang'onopang'ono manyowa
Kuvala kwamadzimadzi pamwamba kumakondedwa kwambiri ndi ndiwo zamasamba ambiri - mwachangu komanso molondola amafikira mizu yazomera ndipo ndizosavuta kugaya. Z feteleza zouma zimasungunuka kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mosagwirizana, kotero nthawi yomweyo mbewu zimatha kukhala zopanda kanthu pazinthu zina ndikuwotchedwa (ngati tinthu tosasinthika tifika mizu ndi ena.
Feteleza
Popanda feteleza wamafuta, nkovuta kukula dzungu lalikulu lokoma. Ngakhale paminda yachonde, mbewu ya masamba iyi imafunikira zinthu zambiri komanso zochuluka. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha kukula mpaka maluwa, mbewu zimafunikira nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Pazovala zapamwamba panthawiyi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wama mineral, omwe amaphatikiza zinthu izi.
Mwa feteleza wama mineral ovuta, Mankhwala Kemira Combi adziwonetsa bwino. Mankhwalawa, kuphatikiza pazofunikira kwambiri, ali ndi zinthu zina zofunikira pazakudya zazomera. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zikuchitika ku Kemir zili mu mawonekedwe a chelated, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti yankho lake silikhala poizoni m'chilengedwe. Ma calates ndi ma organic organic omwe amaphatikizidwa bwino ndi mbeu. Kemira Hydro ali ndi mikhalidwe yomweyo.
Kemira Combi tata mineral feteleza muli zonse zofunikira pazomera
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mineral, muyenera kuwerenga malangizo mosamala. Opanga sawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya feteleza, komanso njira pokonzekera njira.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mu mawonekedwe owuma komanso ngati muzu wamadzimadzi ndi mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba. Kukonzekera yankho, supuni 1-2 za mankhwalawa zimaphatikizidwa mu 10 l amadzi ndikuthira miyala. Ndi ntchito youma, kuchuluka komweko kwa feteleza kumakonkhedwa komanso poyesedwa ndi dothi.
Azofoska ndi feteleza wachilengedwe wazovuta yemwe, mwina, kwa agogo athu. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza uyu wogulitsidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Mtundu wakale wa NPK 16:16:16 ndi woyenera kwa mbewu zonse za m'munda. Ndiouma pamtunda wovala pamtunda umodzi2 pangani 30-40 g ya mankhwalawa, chifukwa madzi - 20-30 g amasungunuka mu 10 l madzi.
Azofoska imakhala ndi zinthu zofunika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula
Zowonekera: 1 supuni yopanda pamwamba - 10 g yowuma kukonzekera.
Kavalidwe kabwinoko kabwino kumachitika pamene mbewu zakula pang'ono. Pokuthirira, feteleza omwewo ndi oyenera kuvala pamwamba pamizu, koma ndende, monga lamulo, iyenera kukhala theka.
Mavalidwe apamwamba a Foliar sakhala otsika pakugwiritsa ntchito feteleza pansi pazu
Popanga zipatso, yankho la phulusa limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuvala zovala zapamwamba. Monga mukudziwa, phulusa ndi feteleza wachilengedwe wokhala ndi phosphorous, potaziyamu, chitsulo, boroni, magnesium, sulufu, zinc, molybdenum, calcium ndi ena ambiri. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimatengera momwe phulusa linapezekera - pogwiritsa ntchito nkhuni, udzu kapena malasha. Chlorine kulibe phulusa, ndipo phosphorous ndi potaziyamu ali m'njira. Ndikofunika kuchita kuvala koteroko mutatha maluwa, popeza mulibe nayitrogeni mu phulusa, koma panthawiyi, ambiri, mbewu sizikufunikiranso.
Kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa sikuti kumangochotsa nthaka, komanso kumapangitsanso kapangidwe kake ndikuyipangitsa kuti ikhale yofufuza
Phulusa likamayalidwa m'nthaka, malo abwino amapangidwira anthu okhala m'nthaka, ndipo mbewu zowazika zimamera mwachangu ndikuyamba kudwala. Kuvala pamwamba kwambiri ndi phulusa kumateteza zomera ku matenda ambiri ndi tizilombo toononga. Kukonzekera yankho logwiritsa ntchito muzu, chikho 1 (100 g) cha phulusa chimasungunuka mu 10 l a madzi. Ngati mankhwala a foliar amatenga 50 g pa 10 malita.
Feteleza wachilengedwe
Kuphatikiza feteleza ayenera kusinthidwa ndi organic. Lamuloli limapulumutsa dothi kuchokera pakuphatikiza kwa nitrate, limasintha kapangidwe kake ndikuwonjezera bwino mawonekedwe ake ndi michere yambiri komanso michere yambiri.
Feteleza zachilengedwe, komanso michere, zili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. Kusiyanako ndikuti michere yonse yazinthu zachilengedwe imakhala yachilengedwe komanso yopezeka mwachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yonse ya feteleza wachilengedwe - kaya ikhale manyowa, kompositi, zitosi za nkhuku kapena udzu wothinidwa umalemeretsa nthaka ndi michere yama bacteria ndi bacteria.
Mukakulitsa maungu, musangokhala ndi ma organic odyetsa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zofunikira zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni, ndipo mwakuchulukitsa kwa chinthuchi komanso kusowa kwa potaziyamu, mbewu zimatha kutengana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a fungus, monga powdery hlobo ndi downy hlobo.
Feteleza wosavuta kwambiri komanso wotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi feteleza ndi mullein kapena slurry, zitosi za nkhuku ndi kulowetsedwa kwazitsamba. Mavalidwe apamwamba onsewa ali ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu, magnesium ndi zinthu zina zofunika kufufuza. Njira zothetsera kavalidwe kapamwamba ndizosavuta kukonza ndipo, koposa zonse, mfulu kwathunthu.
Kupanga mullein, chidebe cha manyowa chimanyowa m'matumba 5 amadzi, kumalimbikitsidwa kwa masiku atatu. Kenako onjezani zidebe zisanu zamadzi ndikusakaniza bwino. Pazovala zapamwamba, 1 lita imodzi ya yankhoyo imasenda madzi okwanira malita 10 ndipo mbewu zimathiriridwa m'nthaka panthaka yonyowa.
Ndowa kapena zitowe zinzake zimanyowa ndikusungunuka ngati mullein, koma yankho lake limakonzedwa ndikutsikira kwa mafuta a 100,000 (0,5 l yankho kumatsitsidwa mu madzi 10).
Popanda nkhuku pa famuyo, mashopu amaluwa ndi olima dimba amabwera kudzathandiza
Udzu uliwonse wotchetcha ndioyenera kulowetsedwa azitsamba, ngakhale ngati nettle imamera m'munda kapena kufupi, ndiye kuti muyenera kupatsidwa chidwi.
Kukonzekera kulowetsedwa:
- Hafu ya pulasitiki kapena mbiya yamatabwa yodzaza ndi udzu.
- Onjezani gulu la udzu wouma.
- Onjezani fosholo pamunda.
- Thirani pamwamba ndi madzi.
- Sungani.
- Valani ndi chivindikiro kapena thumba la pulasitiki - muyezo uwu ungalepheretse nayitrogeni kuthawa ndikuchotsa mtambo wa ntchentche.
Feteleza wobiriwira amathanso kukonzekera mbiya zachitsulo, ngati mutayika thumba lolimba la pulasitiki mkati
Tsiku lililonse, kulowetsedwa kuyenera kusakanikirana. Pa tsiku lachiwiri kapena lachitatu, osakaniza amayamba kuwira - izi ndizabwinobwino. Pambuyo masiku 5, ngati nyengo yatentha, chithovu chimakhazikika, ndiye kuti kulowetsako kwakonzeka. Nthawi yozizira, njirayi ingatenge nthawi yayitali. Pomaliza imagwirizika ndi madzi ndi chiyerekezo cha 1: 10 ndikuthirira dzungu pa dothi lonyowa, ndikumayala miyala. Pa chomera chimodzi tenga 1 lita imodzi ya feteleza wosenda.
Ndondomeko Yovalira
Feteleza zochulukirapo, zonse za michere ndi organic, sizofunikanso dzungu, monga kuchepa. Chifukwa chake, popanga umuna, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira dongosolo. Chifukwa chake, ngati dzungu ladzala pamulu wa organic - chakudya ndichochepa. Ndi njira iyi, ndikwanira kudyetsa mbewuzo 2 pakulima: Zamoyo pambuyo pakuwoneka masamba awiri enieni ndi mchere wovuta - panthawi yowonekera m'mimba.
Pamadothi oyipa osalala, kuvala pamwamba kumayikidwa pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse, kusinthana feteleza wachilengedwe ndi mchere. Ndi chiyambi cha maluwa, kuvala mwa organic kuyimitsidwa.
Kuyambira pa nthawi yomwe zipatso zimakhazikika pakulemera kwa dzungu, mutha kudyetsa mbewu ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu nthawi 1-2: sungunulani supuni ziwiri za superphosphate ndi supuni 1 yamchere wam potaziyamu 10 malita a madzi. Izi zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, ndipo dzungu limacha lokha.
Ndi kutha kwa kukula kwa zipatso za maungu, kudyetsa kuyimitsidwa
Pamadothi achonde, pamene maungu akukula, umuna umaperekedwa motere:
- Feteleza wachilengedwe pambuyo pa kuwonekera masamba awiri owona.
- Kuphatikiza mineral panthawi ya kuwoneka thumba losunga mazira.
- Phosphorous-potashi panthawi yopanga zipatso.
Kanema: momwe mungakulire dzungu
Kukula dzungu sikovuta konse, koma kuti mupeze zipatso zazikulu ndi zokoma, simuyenera kungokhala madzi, udzu ndi kumasula, komanso kudyetsa bwino. Kukhala ndi feteleza wosankhidwa poganizira kukula kwa gawo, ndikusinthana pakati pa feteleza wachilengedwe ndi michere, ndikofunikira kuti musapatsidwe ngongole, koma monga mwa chiwembu. Ndipo dzungu lokongola lidzayamikiradi chisamaliro cha kukolola kwabwino kwambiri.
