Anthurium wofiira: akukula pakhomo

Chomera chofiira cha Anthurium ndi chomera chodabwitsa komanso chokongola chomwe chagonjetsa malo omwe amalima a maluwa ali ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka komanso maluwa okongola. Zidzakhala zovuta kulikula pakhomo, kotero ngakhale azitsamba zamaluwa amatha kukhala ndi duwa m'chipindamo. Chomera ichi chimawoneka ndi chiyani chomwe muyenera kudziwa ponena za maonekedwe osamalirira - werengani za pansipa.

Malongosoledwe a botanical a zomera

Chofiira cha Anthurium - chomera cha banja la Aroids, mtundu wa Anthurium. Chifukwa cha maluwa ofiira ofiira, amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kokongoletsera ndipo adzakhala chokongoletsa chenicheni cha nyumba iliyonse. Miphika yake yamasamba ndi yobiriwira, yoboola pakati kapena yozungulira, ndipo imakhala yoonda, koma nthawi yomweyo imakhala yolimba. Mtundu uwu umatha pafupifupi masentimita 75 mu msinkhu, ngakhale kuti zitsanzo zambiri zimakula mpaka masentimita 80, ndi kupitirira kwa theka la mita.

Pakati pa maluwa pa peduncles, inflorescence imapangidwa kuti ikufanana ndi nkhonya: ndilo gawo lokongola kwambiri la chomera. Mtundu wa mitundu yobiriwira nthawi zonse imakhala yofiira, nthawi zambiri imafiira mdima wofiira. Pansi pa nyengo yabwino, sipangakhale mpumulo mu maluwa, kupatula kuti m'nyengo yozizira maluwawo adzatha kwathunthu ku zomera kwa miyezi 1-2.

Momwemo, anthurium amapanga mapesi atsopano a maluwa ku tsamba lililonse, ndipo amatha pafupifupi masabata asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi limodzi. Maonekedwe opitilira a peduncles amatitsimikizira kuti nthawi yayitali maluwa ndi kusungidwa kokongola kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali.

Ndikofunikira! Chomeracho chimadziwika ndi kupanga mapangidwe a ana, omwe, monga chitsamba chachikulu, akhoza kupanga mapesi a maluwa ndi maluwa. Mu mawonekedwe a amayi iwo nthawizonse amakhala ochuluka, ndipo ana mochepa pang'ono.

Zomwe zimakulira kunyumba

Anthurium wofiira, ngati mtundu uliwonse wa chomera ichi, sungatchedwe kuti ndi wodzichepetsa, choncho, ukapanda kukulira, choyamba ndikofunika kupanga zinthu zabwino kuti pakhale kakulidwe kake ndi kukula kwa duwa.

Malo ndi kuunikira

Popeza anthurium amachokera ku madera otentha, amasankha kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ayenera kukhala okhutira kuti agwiritse ntchito mapuloteni. Mawindo amawonekera kumawindo a kumwera chifukwa choyika mphika sagwira ntchito, monga momwe dzuwa limalowera nthawi zonse, maluwa ndi mapepala amatha kuwotcha, ndipo mbale za masamba zimayamba kutembenukira chikasu, kupiringa ndi kugwa.

Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, chomera chomwe chili pakati pa chipinda kapena m'kanyumba kakang'ono sichidzamasula mapesi a maluwa ndi maluwa, choncho malo abwino kwambiri kuti anthurium akhale kumbali ya kummawa kapena kumadzulo kwa nyumbayo ndi kuwala kokwanira, koma popanda kutentha kwa dzuwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Mitambo, kugwiritsira ntchito magetsi opangira, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri ngati fitolampy.

Samalani mtundu wa anthurium monga Scherzer ndi Andre.

Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi

Poganizira za chikondi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zomera zikhale zachikondi, kutentha nthawi zonse m'chipinda chake chokwanira chiyenera kusungidwa pa 20+ ... + 25 ° C m'chilimwe ndipo sikutsika kuposa 18 ° C m'nyengo yozizira. Kutsika kwa mfundo izi kumabweretsa imfa ya chomera.

Ponena za msinkhu woyenera wa chinyezi mu chipinda, zimatha kukwaniritsa zizindikiro za 40-50%, koma pakali pano, mu nthawi ya chilimwe muyenera kuchita kupopera mbewu nthawi zonse, kamodzi pa tsiku. Kuti mupereke chomera chokwanira bwino, mungathe kuika mphika mu bafa, makamaka ngati kukula kwake ndi kuunika kwake kumaloleza. M'nyengo yotentha kumathandiza kutenga duwa kumsewu, koma ndilofunika kumalo okhaokha, kutetezera ku dzuwa.

Mukudziwa? Mtundu uliwonse wa anthurium umaonedwa kuti ndi wosiyana ndi amuna, omwe amatha kuwonjezera mphamvu zowonjezereka za oimira mphamvu zogonana komanso kukonzanso mlengalenga mdziko, kupatsa banja chimwemwe ndi moyo wabwino.

Kusamalira kwanu

Pamene mukusamalira pakhomo, nthawi zonse muyenera kumvetsera mozama, kuthirira feteleza, kuziika komanso kudulira, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito polima mtundu wa anthurium, womwe sukhoza kukukondweretsani ndi maluwa obiriwira popanda kutsatira zomwe zili pansipa.

Kusamba malamulo

Nthaka mu mphika chomera nthawi zonse iyenera kukhala yonyowa, koma popanda chinyezi chokhazikika. Pafupipafupi, maluwawo amamwetsera katatu pa sabata, kuchepetsa maulendowa m'nyengo yozizira dormancy. Madzi owetsera ayenera nthawi zonse kukhala osiyana bwino (osachepera masiku asanu) ndi osankhidwa, makamaka ponena za kupopera madzi.

Mavitamini ochepa amathandizidwanso kuti azithirira - madontho 2-3 a mandimu amasungunuka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Kuthirira kwa nthawi zonse ndi zolembazo kumatsimikizira kuti chitukuko chogwirizana ndi mtundu wa anthurium ukuyenda bwino.

Kupaka pamwamba

Kawirikawiri, anthurium imayankha zakudya zowonjezerapo, koma nthawi yomweyo sichimakonda zakudya zambiri m'nthaka. Pofuna kuti musamangokhalira kulakwitsa komanso kuti musamalolere kudyetsa, ndi bwino kudyetsa maluwa panthawi yachisanu-chirimwe ndi nthawi zonse kamodzi pa miyezi 1-1.5.

Kuchokera ku zosakaniza zowonjezera zoyenera padziko lonse lapansi zovuta feteleza za mkati maluwa kapena mankhwala ochiritsira - komabe, ndondomeko yawo iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 2-3 nthawi yomwe mtengo waperekedwa ndi wopanga. Kuwonjezera pa zinthu zochepa kwambiri ndi zosafunika nthawi zina zimapweteka kwambiri maluwa kusiyana ndi kusowa kwawo, kotero ngati mukukayikira kufunika kokhala ndi mawonekedwe osankhidwa, ndi bwino kuyembekezera pang'ono ndi kuvala pamwamba.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati anthurium ali odwala kapena tizilombo tomwe timapezekapo, ndi bwino kubwezera chakudya chowonjezera. Ndikoyenera kuchepetsa kuyambitsidwa kwa zakudya pazomwe zilipo kwa achinyamata, omwe alibe miyambo yosakaniza ndi mizu yofooka - pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse umatha kutentha mizu.

Kudulira

Kupanga kudulira anthurium sikofunikira, koma mapesi a maluwa amaluwa ayenera kuchotsedwa pambuyo pa maluwa. Chitani njirayi mosamala kwambiri komanso ndi mpeni womwe susiya burr pa mfundo zochepetsedwa: ziyenera kugwirizana ndi mphukira, ndipo kuti musamavunditse pamwamba, ndibwino kuti muzitha kuwaza ndi mpweya womwe umasweka.

Mwinanso, mukhoza kuyembekezera mpaka chikhomo cha inflorescence chiuma, ndipo pambuyo pake chichotseni - panthawi yomwe chimbudzi chimauma kwathunthu ndipo mosavuta chimasiyanitsa ndi maluwa. Masamba oundana kapena ovunda amafunika kuchotsedwa, ndipo zouma za m'mphepete mwa masamba omwe angakhale ndi masamba amatha kudulidwa.

Kuwaza

M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo wa chomera, kuika sikungatheke, chifukwa duwalo liri ndi malo okwanira m'phika. Kuyambira chaka chachitatu mpaka chaka chachisanu cha kulima, chomeracho chiyenera kusintha malo a kukula chaka ndi chaka, kenako zaka 2-3. Komanso, nthawi iliyonse yosanjikizana ya madzi ikuyenera kuwonjezeka, ndi chomera - kuti apite mozama mu nthaka.

Mphika wa maluwa uyenera kukhala wokwanira, koma masentimita awiri okha kuposa wamkuluwo. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mankhwala oterewa alibe kusiyana kwakukulu, koma kuti zisawonongeke zowonjezereka kwa chinyontho pa mizu, zimalangizidwa kusankha zosankha za ceramic kapena zida za pulasitiki, koma nthawi zonse ndi ngalande mabowo.

Dothi la Anthurium liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi. Mu mawonekedwe omaliza, akhoza kusunga nthaka ya bromeliads, orchids kapena cacti, koma ndi zofunikira za peat, zomwe zimapangitsa gawo lapansi kukhala losasunthika. Ngati mulibe dothi logulidwa, mukhoza kukonzekera nokha mwa kusakaniza peat, mchenga ndi humus, ndikuwonjezera pang'ono pine kapena spruce singano.

Ndikofunikira! Kuonjezera mpweya wokhala ndi dothi wambiri wambiri, mukhoza kuwonjezera zidutswa za malasha, chithovu kapena miyala yochepa kwambiri ku gawo lokonzekera.

Ndondomeko ya kuikirako imachokera pazochitika zambiri:

1. Kudzaza tangi yatsopano yobzala ndi nthaka yosanjikizidwa ndi nthaka yokonzedwa (pafupifupi 1/3 ya chiwerengero chonse).
2. Kuchotsa chomera ku poto wakale ndikuchiyika mu chidebe chatsopano chodzala.
3. Kudzaza malo otsala ndi nthaka yosakaniza, osasindikiza kuzungulira tsinde, koma pang'ono ndi madzi okwanira.
4. Kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chokwanira, mukhoza kuphimba pamwamba ndi sphagnum moss.

Kwa masiku 3-4 otsatirawa, chomeracho chikhoza kumasiyidwa kumalo akale, koma m'tsogolomu ndibwino kuti muzisunthira ku kuwala kowala kwambiri komwe kumawonekera kumadzulo kapena kumadzulo.

Kuswana

Kubzalanso kwazomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito yofulumira kwa aliyense wamaluwa, chifukwa simungathe kupeza maluwa omwe mumawakonda kwambiri, koma mungathe kupulumutsanso zina mwazofa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa gawo la rhizome.

Pokula mtundu wa anthurium, pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito njirayi: kugawidwa kwa chitsamba, kukulumikiza (masamba ndi mphukira), ndi kufalitsa mbewu ndizoyenera.

Kugawa chitsamba

Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwa odziwa bwino florists, chifukwa amafunikira kwambiri molondola pazochitika zonse. Mizu ya Anthurium imadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa fragility, kotero nthawi zonse imakhala yowonongeka. Nthendayi imasiyanitsidwa pamanja, ndipo pokhapokha aliyense atalandira gawo lidzakhala limodzi ndi kukula kwake ndi masamba 3-4: iyi ndi njira yokhayo yotsimikizira kupulumuka mwamsanga kwa mbewu mmalo atsopano.

Kuti mupeze zokolola, muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Sankhani chomera chachikulu cha mtundu wofiira anthurium ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ana obwereza.
2. Konzani kansalu kamodzi kodzala kodzaza ndi masentimita awiri kapena atatu osanjikirira ngalande ndi nthaka yochepa yosakaniza.
3. Chotsani maluwa mosamala kuchoka pamphika wapitawo ndipo pewani mphukira kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi ndi gawo laling'ono la mizu.
4. Khalani chitsamba chilichonse muzitsamba zosiyana ndikudzaza ndi nthaka yotsala, pafupi ndi mphika.

Mukudziwa? Mitengo yambiri yamkati ili ndi mphamvu yapadera yotengera mphamvu zoipa m'nyumba. Mwachitsanzo, Tradescantia idzateteza anthu ku nsanje, ndipo geranium idzateteza ku diso loipa.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kubereka kwa anthurium pogawanitsa chitsamba kumakulolani kupeza zatsopano zowonongeka kale mu chaka choyamba chachiwiri cha kulima.

Akuwombera

The cuttings wa m'nyumba zomera ndi imodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo njira zawo, popeza apical cuttings nthawi zonse mizu mofulumira komanso mosavuta m'malo atsopano.

Chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira malamulo ena a ndondomekoyi, zomwe zimakhala izi:

1. Mukhoza kukolola zipatso kuchokera ku zomera zathanzi zomwe siziwonongeke ndi matenda kapena tizirombo.
2. Pangakhale phindu la kukula pa gawo lirilonse la mphukira.
3. The mulingo woyenera kwambiri kutalika kwa kudula sizoposa 2-3 internodes.
4. Pambuyo kudula, dulani lililonse likhale louma kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu ndi mphambu khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo pokhapokha atabzalidwa m'nthaka - nthawiyi idzakhala yodzitetezera kumera.

Ntchito yomangiriza anthu redririum ili ndi njira zingapo zofunika:

1. Kulekanitsa kudula kwabwino kwa mayi - chodula chimapangidwa ndi mpeni pazing'onoting'ono za oblique.
2. Kutsekemera kwa gawo mu madzi (utakhazikika wophika) kapena nthaka kusakaniza mpaka mizu yoyamba ikuwonekera pa iyo. Pansi pa thanki ndi madzi, mukhoza kuponyera pulogalamu yowonongeka, ndipo ndi bwino kukonzekera gawo loyenera la peat, mchenga ndi perlite. Kuyala kubzala mu chotsekera chokha cha rooting chiyenera kuchitidwa mozama masentimita asanu, ndipo kuti mutha kusintha mofulumira, mukhoza kuphimba cuttings ndi kusinthidwa kungathe kupanga kapangidwe ka wowonjezera kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito thumba la pulasitiki. Wowonjezera mawu akuti rooting - masabata 2-3.
3. Kuwombera mizu ya cuttings mu mphika wamuyaya ndi gulu la chisamaliro chochuluka. Njirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofananamo ndi kupatsa, pogwiritsira ntchito nthaka yofanana.

Kuti phesi ikhale mizu bwino pamalo atsopano ndikuyamba maluwa, idzatenga zaka ziwiri.

Masamba

Kubereka kwa anthurium ndi masamba omwe amawonekera m'mabuku ambiri amafanana ndi njira ya cuttings ndi mphukira, ndi kusiyana kokha kukhala kuti m'malo mwa zigawo zomwe tafotokozazi, masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito (pamodzi ndi petiole). Asanalowetsedwe mu gawo lokonzekera, ayenera kukhala osasunthika kulowa mu chubu ndikukhazikika pamalo amenewa ndi ofesi ya ofesi.

Onaninso chifukwa chake anthurium samasintha komanso choti achite.

Kugwedeza kumtunda kumachitidwa pafupifupi kutalika kwa pepala; kokha 1/3 ya tubule yopotoka ikhalebe pamwamba. Komabe, kupambana kwa ndondomeko ya rooting mulimonsemo kumadalira kulondola kwa kudulidwa ndi zakudya za nthaka kusakaniza: mu nkhaniyi, ndi bwino kugula nthaka yokonzedwa kuti ikule bwino.

Kufulumizitsa kuphulika kwa masamba a cuttings kumathandiza kapu ya pulasitiki kapena filimu ya pulasitiki yomwe ingathandize kulenga zotsatira za wowonjezera kutentha pa chogwirira. Ngati zinthu zonse zikukula, mbuto yoyamba idzaonekera kuchokera pakati pa chubu pafupi ndi mwezi mutabzala m'nthaka. N'zotheka kuyika chomera chaching'ono kumalo osatha a kukula osati kale kwambiri kuposa miyezi 2-3.

Mbewu

Njira yosavuta yopezera zokolola zoyenera ndi kuigula kuchokera ku sitolo yapadera kapena kwa osonkhanitsa ozoloŵera, koma muyenera kufufuza tsiku lomwe limatha tsikuli (mbewu za anthurium zimere m'miyezi 3-4 mutatha kusonkhanitsa).

Pakhomo, mbewu zowonjezera zimangowonjezera ndi kupanga maluwa maluwa: Panthawi ya maluwa, nkofunika kusonkhanitsa mungu (burashi wofewa) kuchokera kumutu kwa maluwa oyambirira, ndikukulunga papepala, kuikamo yosungiramo m'firiji, komwe billet iyenera kusungidwa mpaka iyo ikawonekera pa chomera maluwa achiwiri. Kenaka, maluwa achiwiri ayenera kukhala ndi mungu wochokera mungu.

Kuonetsetsa kuti njirayi ikuyenda bwino, ndiyenela kubwereza masiku 4-5 mzere. Zipatso ndi zipatso zimayambira pa mbeu osati kale kuposa miyezi 8-12 mutatha. Mmodzi mwa iwo, mbeu 1-4 zimabisika, zomwe, pambuyo pa zowonjezera, ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi ndikuzivikiritsa maola awiri muzowonjezera potassium permanganate, zomwe zingalepheretse kupanga nkhungu.

Njira yofesa mbewu yokonzeka sizitenga nthawi yochuluka - izi muyenera:

1. Konzani bokosi la mbande ndikudzaze ndi gawo loyenera (lingakhale chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga).
2. Bzalani mbewu ku kuya kwa masentimita 0,5 kapena kungowatambasulira pamwamba pa nthaka, yokha yowaza pamwamba.
3. Sungani gawoli ndi botolo lazitsulo ndikuphimba mbande ndi filimu kapena galasi, pofuna kupanga wowonjezera kutentha.

Asanayambe mphukira, m'pofunika kuti dothi liziyenda tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, liziikani ndi botolo lopopera, kusunga kutentha m'chipinda cha 25 ° C. Kawirikawiri, kumera kwa mbewu za anthurium sikungapola miyezi iwiri, ndipo maluwa atsopano angakhoze kuwonedwa kokha pambuyo pa zaka 4.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Zina mwa matendawa a humanrium, matenda a fungalum ndi owopsa, makamaka, kutentha thupi, komwe kumaonekera pozungulira m'mphepete mwa masamba omwe amathira masamba. Mofanana ndi tizilombo toononga, mavutowa angakhudze maluwa a anthurium, choncho onetsetsani kuti nthaka nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa bwino (popanda kuchuluka kwa chinyezi), mulibe zidutswa zam'chipindamo, ndipo masamba omwe ali ndi dzuwa amakhala ndi dzuwa.

Polimbana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso matenda ena oopsa a mtundu wofiira anthurium, mankhwala monga Previcur, Scor, Ordan, Readzol angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mlingo womwe umasonyezedwa pa phukusi. Pa tizilombo toopsa pamaluwa timakhala ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zipsyinjo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Pang'ono ndi pang'ono kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthurium, fufuzani bwino maluwawo, ndikupenyetsetsa mkati mwa masambawo, chifukwa ndizo zomwe zimakhala zooneka bwino. Onetsetsani mfundo zowonjezera za masamba a masamba, ndipo ngati ali ndi mapepala ochepa, ndiye kuti chomera chimakhala ndi vuto la kangaude.

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Ознакомьтесь подробнее с основными болезнями и вредителями антуриума.

Kudziwa momwe mungasamalire chomera chokongola ndi chosasangalatsa, chiopsezo chotenga mavuto ena omwe akufotokozedwa chingachepetse, ndipo ngati zizindikiro za matenda kapena kukhalapo kwa tizirombo zimachitika, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zosavuta kuzipirira. Perekani chidwi chifukwa cha maluwa anu, ndipo redriani peoplerium nthawi zonse amakondwera ndi zokongoletsera zapamwamba.