Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya mphesa yokhazikika, nthawi zambiri ma hybrbr atsopano akupeza kutchuka chifukwa cha apamwamba, mawonekedwe achilendo. Zophatikiza izi zimaphatikizapo Gourmet koyambirira kuswana V.N. Kraynova, yemwe ali ndi kukula kwamabrashi ndi zipatso, komanso kukoma kosazolowereka.
Mbiri Yoyambilira ya Zipatso Zakale
Gourmet koyambilira - mitundu "yaying'ono" yomwe idawoneka zaka pafupifupi 10 zapitazo. Poyamba, wosakanizidwa adatchedwa Novocherkassky Red, ndiye adayipatsa nambala 1-12. Wolemba walembedwe wotchuka amateur V.N. Kraynov, yemwe adalandila msewu watsopano kuchokera kwa makolo awiri Kishmish Luchisty ndi Talisman. Kuchokera pa awiri omwewo, mzere wonse wa hybrids wokhala ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana adapezeka, womwe V.N. Krainov adatcha Gourmet. Novocherkassky wofiira adakhala ndi dzina lake lomaliza Gourmet koyambirira, ndipo ena onse omwe amapitilira mzere womwewo ankatchedwa Rainbow, Gourmand, Tochi, Elezi.
Dzina loyambirira la mitunduyo linali Novocherkassky Red
Gourmet woyamba adayamba kutchuka ndipo kuyambira 2006 adadziwika kuti amalonjeza kulima kumwera kwa Russia, Ukraine ndi Moldova. Kuyambira mu 2016, Gourmet woyambilira adaphatikizidwa mu State Record of the Russian Federation pansi pa dzina la Gourman Kraynova ndi mwayi wolima m'madera onse.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Malinga ndi kufotokozera kuchokera ku State Record, Gourmet koyambilira ndi patebulo lokhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri (zipatso zimafikira zakupsa pambuyo pa masiku 110-115 kuyambira chiyambi cha nyengo yomera). Mabasi amakhala ndi kukula kwapakatikati. Mitengo yamphamvu ya bulauni yofiirira imakutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono atatu- kapena kasanu wokhala ndi masamba opindika. Maluwa ndi mtundu wachikazi, maluwa amatuluka koyambirira kwa Juni.
Maluwa amayambira mu khumi oyambilira a Juni kumadera akumwera komanso theka lachiwiri la June mumsewu wapakati
Magulu amapangidwa okulirapo (pafupifupi 500-600 g, nthawi zina 1000-1300 g) ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Zipatso zokhala ndi chowongolera ndizokulirapo (kulemera kwa 7-11 g). Khungu lowonda koma loonda, lomwe limatha kuvekedwa pinki mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, limaphimba mnofu. Mukameta mabulosi, zipatso zimatha kukhala ndi lilac hue.
Masango gourmet amapangidwa ndi zipatso zazikulu kwambiri za pinki
Kukoma kwa mphesa kumakhala ndi mgwirizano wabwino chifukwa cha shuga wambiri (15,6 g pa 100 cm3) ndi asidi wokwanira (4,9 g / l). Chizindikiro cha mphesa ndi kununkhira kwa muscat ndi fungo labwino lamaluwa. Omwe amapatsa masitepe amapereka kukoma kwa mphesa zapamwamba ndi gawo la 9.1 point.
Berry aliyense amakhala ndi mbewu zazing'onoting'ono 2-3.
Mphesa zachabechabe kumayambiriro kwa vidiyo
Makhalidwe Osiyanasiyana
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti gourmet woyamba ndi wotchuka pakati pa omwe amakonda mphesa - ali ndi mikhalidwe yambiri yabwino:
- zokolola zambiri (6-8 makilogalamu kuchokera ku 1 chitsamba, 200-201 kg / ha);
- kuwoneka bwino pamsika ndi zipatso zambiri;
- kutetezedwa kwa zipatso pachitsamba;
- kukana kwambiri ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungal (mildew, oidium, grey rot);
- kukana mayendedwe ndi kusungidwa.
Zoyipa za Gourmet koyambirira zimaphatikizapo mtundu wa maluwa, ndichifukwa chake kubzala mitengo yoyipitsa ndikofunikira. Mtundu wosakanizidwa umawoneka ngati mbewu yophimba, ngakhale kuuma kwake nyengo yachisanu sikotsika kwambiri - mpaka -23 ... -24 zaC.
Mawonekedwe obzala ndi kukula
Zokolola zabwino kuchokera ku Gourmet zimatheka pokhapokha potsatira malamulo onse aukadaulo waulimi. Mwambiri, malamulo obzala komanso kukula uwu wosakanizidwa ndi wofanana ndi mitundu ina ya mphesa.
Zofunikira pakufika
Chimodzi mwazofunikira pakukula kwa mphesa ndi kusankha malo omwe ali ndi dothi labwino komanso madzi akuya pansi. Ndikofunika kubzala mphesa paphiri kuti mizu ya chomera isavutike ndi chinyezi chosasunthika.
Popeza mphesa zidalipo ndipo zimakhalabe chomera chotentha, malowo amayenera kutenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa ndikutetezedwa kukakonzekera. Magawo akumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa malowa ndi abwino kubzala.
Kupanda kuwala kwa dzuwa, kugwira ntchito kwa masamba kumasokonezeka, zikhalidwe zakuyika zipatso zimachepa, zokolola zimachepa ndipo chiwopsezo cha matenda chikuwonjezeka. Pazifukwa izi, zitsamba za mphesa siziyenera kubzalidwe pakati pa mitengo yazipatso kapena pamithunzi ya nyumba. Mtunda kuchokera pamitengo uyenera kukhala wosachepera 6-7 m, kuchokera ku zitsamba ndi zitsamba zina zamphesa - 3-3,5 m. Kupititsa patsogolo kuyatsa, tchire liyenera kuyikidwa pa trellises ndikugundana.
Gourmet, monga mitundu ina yambiri ya mphesa, imafalitsika bwino ndikudula mizu ndi kumalumikiza. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Gourmet kudula sikukuza bwino muzu phylloxera, chifukwa chake, m'malo omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka ndi matendawa, Gourmet imafalitsa bwino kwambiri katemera. Katemera, zodulidwa zimakolola kuchokera ku gawo lakucha la mpesa, ndi maso awiri. Mutha kuziwasunga mufiriji kapena cellar, ndikumaluka ndikumata ndi nsalu.
Paraffin imathandizira kuti chinyezi chizidulidwa
Katemera amachitika mu kasupe, nthawi zambiri mu Epulo. Chotetezacho chimadulidwa kotheratu, kusiya chitsa chaching'ono, chomwe chimasunthika kuti chikhale chosalala. Pakatikati pa chitsa chimagawanika pang'ono ndikuyiyika mu cleavage ndi malekezero-odulidwa kumapeto kwa chigwacho (ma handles awiri amatha kuyikika). Kumalo katemera kumakhala kolimba ndi mikwingwirima ya nsalu ndikakulungidwa ndi dongo.
Mukalumikizidwa kumtambo, ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizidwe bwino ndi chigwiriro
Ngati mukufuna kudzala zipatso zodula mizu, ndizotheka kuwaphunzitsa nokha. Kuti izi zitheke, chubuk imadulidwa pang'ono motalikirapo kuposa kumtengowo (maso 4-5, kutalika 30-35 cm), makulidwe a chubuk akhale 8-12 mm. Mu Okutobala, Chubuki adayamba kumera. Kuti muchite izi, dulani chakumapeto ndipo pangitsani magawo angapo okhala ndi awl m'munsi kuti athandizire kukulitsa mizu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchitira Chubuki ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera, mwachitsanzo, amizeni iwo kwa masiku awiri atatu mu uchi (1 supuni pa lita imodzi yamadzi).
Chubuki wokonzekereratu amayikidwa m'mitsuko yamadzi kapena kumizidwa m'mbale muli dothi lonyowa. Kumera kumayenera kuchitika m'chipinda chounikira bwino komanso kutentha kwa mpweya + 17 ... +19 zaC.
Pakadutsa milungu pafupifupi 4, masambawo amatupa ndi masamba ndipo masamba amatuluka, kenako mizu yoyera imamera. Pofika nthawi ya pansi, Chubuki imakhala mizu.
Kumera mphesa kudulira pa video
Tikukula poyera pansi ikuchitika kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi woyamba. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndikuti nthaka imagwa kutentha kwa + 12 ... +15 zaC. Ngati dontho la kutentha litha kuyembekedwa mutabzala, mbande ziyenera kuphimbidwa kwa nthawi yozizira.
Dzenje lobzala kukula kwa 0,8 m ndi 0,8 m limakonzedwa masabata awiri 2-3 asanabzalidwe. Danga losweka limayala pansi ngati ngalande, kenako ndikudzazidwa ndi kompositi yosakanizika ndi dothi ndi superphosphate (supuni ziwiri).
Amakhulupilira kuti kukoma kwa zipatso zakupsa kumayenda bwino ngati mphesa zibzalidwe m'malo omwe ma parsley amafesedwa.
Koma m'malo mwa mphukira wakale wachikale, kubzala kudula sikofunika - adzakula bwino, chifukwa dothi m'malo ngati amenewo latha kale.
Mutha kukumba chitoliro pamphepete mwa dzenjelo kuthirira mphesa pansi pazu.
Ngati kubzala kumachitika kumadera ozizira, mutha kukumba mabotolo amdima amdima kuzungulira dzenjelo kuti mulimitse nthaka
Mukabzala, chisamaliro chikuyenera kutengedwa, popeza mizu yamphesa ndi yosalimba. Mmera umakonkhedwa ndi dothi lapansi, wopangidwa bwino ndikuthiriridwa ndi ndowa ziwiri za madzi. Kenako ndikofunika kuti mulch bwalo lozungulira kuti chinyontho chikhale m'nthaka nthawi yayitali.
Kubzala mbande za mphesa pavidiyo
Njira ina yabwino yofalirira mphesa ndizoyala. Wolemba adalandira bwino mu nthawi yochepa mizere yonse ya mphesa motere. Mipesa yayitali imakumbidwa mosavomerezeka m'malo abwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti imakakamizidwa kunthaka ndi zidutswa za miyala kapena njerwa. Chinsinsi cha chipambano ndikothirira nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, simungathamangire kupatulira zigawo ku chitsamba. Wolemba adalakwitsa pakuyesa kufalitsa kokhazikika ndipo chifukwa cha ichi adalandira chitsamba chofooka, chomwe chimafuna chisamaliro chochulukirapo kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino.
Malamulo a Kusamalira Mphesa
Gourmet woyamba safuna chisamaliro chapadera, koma amafunika kudulira nthawi zonse, kuvala pamwamba komanso kuthirira.
Kudulira kumachitika mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Chapakatikati, mipesa yomwe idafa nthawi yachisanu imachotsedwa ndikuchepetsa. Gourmet sakonda zochulukitsa; kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yabwino ndi yokolola, tikulimbikitsidwa kudula mipesa kwa ma masamba a 6-8, ndikupereka katundu wathunthu pachitsamba momwe muliri ndi maso 30-30 ndi mphukira 20-24. Ndikosavuta kupanga chitsamba chazomwe zimakupiza ndikuchiyika pa trellis wamba.
Njira yopanga mafani imatenga zaka 3-4
Kudulira kwa masamba kumachitika kumapeto kwa Okutobala - Novembara. Kukula kowonjezera ndi mphukira zosapsa zimachotsedwa. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, Tchire la Gourmet pambuyo pa nthawi yophukira limasungidwa nthawi yozizira. Kuti muchite izi, mipesa imachotsedwa mu trellis, yomangidwa m'matumba, yoyikidwa pansi ndikumangidwa ndi udzu, filimu, agrofibre kapena zida zina zokutira.
Kuonetsetsa nyengo yabwino yozizira, mutha kuphimba mipesa pamwamba pa filimuyo ndi dothi lapansi
Kuthirira mphesa kumafunika nthawi zonse, makamaka mchaka choyamba mutabzala. Mbeu yaying'ono imathiriridwa pakadutsa masiku 7 mpaka 7, imasula ndi kuyika dothi poyandikana kuti lisungidwe chinyezi.
Masamba achikulire amathiriridwa ma 4-5 nthawi yachilimwe. Kufunikira kwakukulu kwa chinyontho kumawonedwa mu mphesa nthawi ya maluwa, musanafike maluwa, munthawi ya kukula kwa ovary komanso mutakolola. Munthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kukonza kuthilira pa madzi okwanira malita 50-60 pamtchire uliwonse. Madzi amapatsidwa madzi othirira kudula theka la mita kuchokera pa tsinde. Njira yabwino kwambiri yothirira ndikothirira, komwe kumakuthandizani kuti muzikhala chinyezi nthawi zonse. M'nyengo yotentha, mulching nthaka imathandiza kukhalabe ndi chitsamba chabwino.
Kuthirira mphesa pavidiyo
Gourmet amakonda zakudya zoyambirira. Chakudya choyambirira cha chitsamba chaching'ono chimaperekedwa ndi feteleza wobweretsa mu dzenje lobzala. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kwa zaka 2-3. Pambuyo pake, ndikofunikira kupanga pafupipafupi ndi kuvala zazinthu zochepa monga mphesa. Feteleza ndizovomerezeka kwa mbewuyo mutabzala. Asanakhale maluwa, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu amaphatikizidwa. Pomaliza maluwa, kuvala kwamafuta ndi michere (manganese, zinc, chitsulo) kumachitika.
Monga feteleza wachilengedwe pansi pa mphesa amapangira manyowa kapena ndowe za mbalame mu njira yothetsera. Feteleza izi zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya nayitrogeni, chifukwa chake feteleza wa nayitrogeni samayikidwa payokha - zochulukirapo zimatha kukupangitsa kukula kwakukulu kwa msipu wobiriwira komanso zipatso zochepa.
Kuthira manyowa ndi kudyetsa mphesa pavidiyo
Kodi kuteteza munda wamphesa ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga?
Gourmet woyamba amatengedwa kuti amalimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi - khansa, zowola imvi ndi oidium. Ngakhale, chinyezi chambiri, matenda amatha kuonekeranso. Chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa othandizira kasupe pogwiritsa ntchito sulufule, Bordeaux osakaniza kapena fungicides ena sangasokoneze. Chithandizo chotere ndi chofunikira kwambiri chifukwa posakhalitsa, anthracnose amatha kupezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziume ndi zipatso ndi nthambi komanso masamba. Ngati matendawa akuwoneka, madera omwe akhudzidwawo amachotsedwa ndikuwotcha, ndipo chomera chimathandizidwa ndi mkuwa wa sulfate kapena Nitrofen.
Mphesa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi anthracnose zimakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni pomwe thupi limawuma ndikuuma.
Kukolola kwa gourmet kumatha kudwala matenda a mphesa ndi akangaude, motero, chithandizo chanthawi zonse ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Actellik, Fonesiatsid) ndi acaricides (Neoron, Apollo) ndikofunikira.
Kuteteza mbewu ku mbalame, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tazungulira tchire timathandiza, komanso kuteteza ku mavu, zikwama za mauna zomwe zimavala burashi iliyonse.
Ngakhale ndizovuta, njira yoteteza mphesa zokhala ndimatumba idakali yodalirika kwambiri
Kututa, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Pofika maluwa m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za June, Gourmet kum'mwera kumayambira kudzaza kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, ndikucha pakati pa Ogasiti. M'madera ozizira, monga Altai, kucha kumachedwa kumayambiriro kwa Seputembara.
Zipatso zimayamba kutembenuka pinki kumayambiriro kwa Julayi
Kukolola ndikofunikira ndi kupsa kwathunthu, chifukwa sikungatheke kucha popanda chitsamba. Masangowo amadulidwa bwino ndi ma secateurs ndikuwakhomera kuti ayendetsedwe koyikapo matabwa osaya. Ndikofunika kugona mwamphamvu momwe mungathere, koma osaphwanya zipatso! Gourmet amasungidwa bwino - maburashi omwe ayimitsidwa chipinda chozizira amatha "kudikirira" kupuma.
Zipatso za gourmet zimakoma kwambiri ndipo zimatha kudyedwa zatsopano ndikugwiritsa ntchito popanga madzi, kusunga, ma backmes, zoumba zoumba. Chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwachilendo kwa nutmeg ndi maluwa onunkhira, Gourmet imayamikiridwa kwambiri pakupanga.
Beckmes, kapena uchi wa mphesa, siwokoma kokha, komanso ndiwothandiza kwambiri
Ndemanga za omwe amapanga vinyo
Gourmet kuswana koyambirira kwa V.N.Krainova Masamba mu masiku 105-110. Mphamvu yakukula imapitilira muyeso, mpesa umakhwima bwino, umatheka. Magulu olemera 0,7-1,5 kg, mabulosi olemera 8-10 g. mtundu wa pinki. Kukanani ndi matenda akuluakulu a fungus. Mmodzi mwa atsogoleri kuti azilawa, paphwando logwirizana ndi muscat wosangalatsa kwambiri.
Nadezhda Viktorovna, Altai Territory//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=178.0
Gourmet yanga ndiyoyamba, chaka chino kubala zipatso nthawi yoyamba, masango asanu, osati akulu kwambiri komabe okongola kwambiri, ayamba kale kudulira zipatso. Ndasankha lero kuyesa mabulosi oyera kwambiri, ndipo ndi okoma kale, ndikumva kuti si madzi okoma okha, koma mabulosi okhala ndi kukoma kwapadera. Sindikawona, pali mavu akuwuluka kuzungulira Kodryanka ndipo palibe amene ali pafupi ndi Gourmet. Tikuyembekezera kuti zipse, koma ine Ndikuganiza kale kuti sipadzakhala zokhumudwitsa
Nata38, Volgograd//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=103530
kupukutira kwa gourmet woyambirira, zibzalani mitundu yamaluwa amitundu iwiri. Arcadia achita. Sanandifotokozere gourmet, zonse zili bwino ndi iye. Pafupi pomwepo pamamera sphinx, argo, wodalirika, angelica.
Andrey Kurmaz, Donetsk dera//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?page=21&t=943
Ndawerenga zomwe amalemba za ma Gourmet. Makamaka za Gourmet koyambirira. Ndiloleni kuti ndiwonjezere pang'ono. Pakati pa Okutobala anali ku Brest ndi V. Astapenko. Zosiyanasiyana izi, komanso chikondwerero cha Novocherkassk, zindimenya basi! Miyezi iwiri yatha kuchokera pamene adakhwima, koma zinkawoneka kuti izi zachitika sabata, masiku 10 apitawa. Mtundu wake ndi wofiirira, zamkati ndi wandiweyani komanso MUSCAT! Zipatsozo ndizazikulu, zimayenderana, kukoma kwake ndikodabwitsa! Ndimakhala ndi chiyembekezo chakuti ndidzachipeza chimodzimodzi ...
A.Kondratiev - bursucok, Daugavpils//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=103530
Koma sindigawana nawo chidwi chonse cha Gourmet, ndizosangalatsa, koma zonse zomwe zafafaniza, ndipo ndinathamanga ndikututumuka ndikukakonza ndi boron wokondweretsedwa, palibe chomwe chimathandiza, ngati chaka chatha, kapena ndi ine ndekha. M'malingaliro mwanga, ali ndi zilonda wamba ndi Monark, ndipo ku FIG ndiye wokoma kwambiri kwa ine, adamutcha mtundu wina. Ndipo koposa zonse, ndinazisintha ndi ma tchire awiri omwe m'mbuyomu sankagwirizana, makamaka, ndinasinthiratu sopo.
Yuri72, Donbass//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=112.45
Gourmet ndimitundu yosiyanasiyana, popeza ndioyenera kukula pamafamu amodzi, komanso kulima mafakitale. Ponena za mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mbewu, mitunduyi ilinso yodziwika bwino - ndiyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito patebulo, komanso popanga winem, komanso kuteteza. Zosiyanasiyana sizifunikira kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti zikule, kutsatira malamulo wamba aukadaulo wa zaulimi ndikokwanira kupeza zokolola zambiri.
