Momwe, nthawi ndi momwe mungagwiritsire mphesa ku matenda ndi tizirombo

Mphesa zimafalikira padziko lonse lapansi popanda chikhalidwe china. Pali mitundu yopitilira 10,000 ya mbewu yabwino kwambiri iyi yomwe ili ndi zipatso zonunkhira, zomwe zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga vin ndi cognacs. Kuphatikiza apo, mphesa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, mankhwala, cosmetology. Nthawi zambiri munthu iyemwini ndiye adayambitsa kuphedwa kwa minda yamphesa, koma chikhalidwecho nthawi zonse chidali ndi adani ena - matenda ndi tizirombo.

Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kusamalira mphesa

Bacteria, bowa ndi tizirombo titha kusokoneza kukoma kwa zipatso, kuchepetsa, ndipo nthawi zina kuwononga mbewu yonse yomwe yakhala ikuyembekezeka kuyambira nthawi yayitali komanso chomera chonse. Kupewa matendawa kumakhala kosavuta kuposa kuthana nawo pambuyo pake. Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda a mphesa ndi tizilombo zovulaza, ndikofunikira kuchita zachipatso zamphesa. Zachidziwikire, ndipo, ngati vuto linalake lapezeka, chitanipo kanthu mwachangu kuti muthane nalo.

Matenda owopsa a mphesa ndi mphutsi, kapena thonje, ndi mafuta osokoneza bongo. "Afumbi awiri" awa omwe ali ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi amakhudza masamba, mphukira, inflorescence ndi zipatso, ndiowopsa makamaka kwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mphesa ku Europe.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: momwe mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi khosi ndi oidium zimawonekera

Matenda oyamba ndi fungus komanso anthracnose, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowola, malo owoneka, fusarium ndi ena. Mothandizidwa ndi mphepo, spores imafalikira pamtunda wautali, imagwera pamtunda pamera, imera ndikuwonetsa spores zatsopano. Kuletsa chiyambi cha matenda ndikovuta.

Matenda ambiri obwera chifukwa cha mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito ndipo amatha kupha chitsamba. Ambiri mwa awa ndi mabakiteriya mawanga, necrosis, ndi khansa.

Matenda ena amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo tokhala pamasamba ndi mitengo ikuluikulu. Zoopsa kwambiri mwa izi ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, phylloxera, njenjete za masamba ndi nthata za akangaude. Kangaudeyu amadziwoneka ngati mipira yofiyira m'mitsempha yomwe ili pansi pa tsamba, imathandizira kukula kwa achinyamata akuwonekera kwambiri.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake kupewa matenda a mbewu kumabwera koyamba.

Mitundu yambiri ya mphesa idamwalira kwathunthu kuchokera ku phylloxera (kachilombo komwe kamachokera ku North America) mkati mwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yomwe mitundu yomwe "Madera" yotchuka idapangidwa idasowa. Tsopano vinyoyu amapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu ina.

Newpix.ru - magazini yabwino yapaintaneti

Kodi utsi wa mphesa ndi liti?

Kusintha kwa mphesa pazofunafuna njira kumachitika nthawi zonse kuyambira pomwe mphesa zimatsegulidwa mchaka ndikutha ndikukonzekera malo ogona nthawi yachisanu. Kumwaza sikumachitika mu nyengo yamvula, komanso tsiku lowala dzuwa, ndikofunikira kutsatira kukhudzidwa kwa mayankho, bwino, chithandizo chiyenera kuchitidwa pa nthawi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, njira zopewera chitetezo ziyenera kuonedwa ndipo kuyika kwazinthuzo kuyenera kutayidwa malinga ndi malangizo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphesa Mu Spring

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphesa yoyamba kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika, pomwe kutentha kumakwera pamwamba 4-6^zaC, atangotsegulira mphesa, masamba atangotulutsa. M'mbuyomu, nthambi zowuma komanso zodwala zimachotsedwa kuzomera, masamba a chaka chatha amachotsedwa mozungulira. Munthawi yomweyo ndi mpesa, nthaka yolimbirana ndi nthangala imalimikidwanso; yankho locheperachepera limodzi la sodium sulfate limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi (yankho la magawo atatu aliwonse amavomerezeka kwambiri). Kuphatikiza pa kuteteza kumatenda ndi tizirombo, chitsulo chamchere chimachedwetsa kutseguka kwa masamba, omwe angathandize kuteteza mbewu ku chisanu chamvula, ndewu zolimbana ndi mosses komanso kuvala zovala zabwino.

Kanema: mphesa zoyambirira zimapangidwa kasupe mutatsegulidwa

Ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphesa ndi vitriol kokha m'dzinja, ndipo kasupe amasintha mbewu ndi njira zitatu peresenti ya mkuwa sulfate. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuwaza zitsamba zomwe zidadwala chaka chatha.
Chithandizo chotsatira chikuchitika ndi fungicides (kuchokera ku lat. "Bowa" + lat. Caedo "kupha" - zofunikira kapena zazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda a fungus) atangotsegula maso, pakangokhala masamba a masamba atatu okha. Mutha kuwonjezera chithandizo cha karbofos kuchokera kuzilombo zomwe zadzuka ().

Wasayansi wa ku France a Pierre-Marie Alexis Millardde adapanga madzi a Bordeaux makamaka pofuna kuthana ndi matenda oyamba ndi mphesa. Masiku ano, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fungosis yachilengedwe pa mbewu zina.

Agonomu.com

Ngati ndi kotheka, kukonzanso kumachitika mobwereza pakatha masiku 10.

Chithandizo chomaliza cha masika chikuchitika masabata 1-2 musanakhale maluwa. Palibe chifukwa kupopera kumera mu nthawi ya maluwa, fungo lakunja limawopseza tizilombo ndipo mpesa ungakhale wopanda ma pollinators.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphesa m'chilimwe

Popeza mphesa zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi matenda nthawi yonseyi, ndikofunikira kuchita chithandizo chothana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus nthawi yachilimwe nthawi yakucha. Munthawi imeneyi, mpesa umatha kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala okhala ndi sulufule. Sulufule imagwira ntchito pokhapokha kutentha 18 digiri Celsius ndipo kukonzekera ndi sulufufu kumathandizira kulimbana ndi mpunga wolimba kwambiri wa powdery.

Mukamayandikira zipatso, ndiye kuti simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito poizoni polimbira mbewuyo. Munthawi imeneyi, ndikudalira kwa masabata awiri, ndimakonda kumwaza masamba ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (5 g pa 10 malita a madzi). Ndimagwiritsa ntchito njira ya sopo (supuni ziwiri zapamwamba ndi malita 10 a madzi) ndikuphatikiza 50 g wa sopo wamadzimadzi ndi madontho a 5-10 a ayodini. Kuphatikizika uku kumawongolera kukoma kwa zipatso, kumathandiza kulimbana namsongole.

Zophatikizidwa mokhazikika mndandanda wanga wa njira zachilengedwe zothanirana ndi matenda a zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, mankhwala Fitosporin-M konsekonse. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito katatu pachaka kuwaza mphesa ku matenda ndikuwonjezera zokolola. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Popeza ndachita chidwi kamodzi, ndimagwiritsa ntchito nyengo yonse popanda kuwononga nthawi.

Zidadziwikanso kuti ufa wa powdery udakula mwachangu ngati mphesa sizidamwetse masiku otentha, ngakhale chinyezi ndichimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zingapangitse matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Zikuoneka kuti kufooka kwa mbewu chifukwa chosowa chinyontho m'nthaka kunathandizira kuti matendawa atukuke.

Kanema: kukonza mphesa kuchokera kumatenda nthawi yopanga zipatso kuchokera ku oidium, mildew, anthracnose

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphesa ku Autumn

Mu nthawi yophukira, mutakolola masango a zipatso za dzuwa, masamba atagwa ndikudulira mpesa, wina akuyenera kupitiriza kulandira chithandizo cha matenda kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Mankhwalawa amakonzekeretsa mbewu yanu mozizira komanso imathandizira kuti mitengo yanu ya mphesa ikhalebe yamphamvu komanso wathanzi chaka chamawa. Mankhwalawa amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo ndi mkuwa wa sulfate (3-5%).

Kanema: Chithandizo chomaliza musanadye nyengo yachisanu

Kuti ndichotse bowa ndi nkhungu pakugwa, ndimayambitsa mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi za mtengo wa mpesawo. Ndithira 1 makilogalamu offullime m'madzi ochepa ndikubweretsa yankho la malita 10.

Momwe mungagwiritsire mpesa ku matenda

Polimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo ta mphesa, limodzi ndi chitsulo chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi chitsulo chamkuwa ndi Bordeaux, fungicides zatsopano zambiri zawonekera. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito moyenera, muyenera kudziwa kuti fungicides ndi:

• kulumikizana;
• zofunikira zonse;
• kuphatikiza

Kulumikizana ndi fungicides sikuti ndiwokakamiza, koma magwiridwe ake amatengera kwambiri ntchito, amagwira pamtengowo ndipo amadalira nyengo ndi nthawi yofunsa, mvula yoyamba imawatsuka ndipo mame amachepetsa mphamvu. Amatha kufananizidwa ndi mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito kunja.
Chithandizo cha fungicides chotere chimatha kubwerezedwa pafupipafupi. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa kapena kumayambiriro kwa matendawa. Mafangayi olumikizana nawo akuphatikizapo Omal, Rowright ndi Bordeaux.
Ziphuphu zokhala ngati zonse zimakhalira ngati zikuchokera pachomera chonse, zotulukapo zake zikuwoneka pomwepo, ndipo mvula siyidzawasambitsa. Zowonongeka zawo ndikuti ali osokoneza, ayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito atamasulidwa.
Mankhwala osakanikirana amaphatikiza mawonekedwe a kukonzekera komanso kulumikizana, akuphatikizapo Shavit, Ridomil Golide, Cabrio Top. Ndiwothandiza polimbana ndi khosi, oidium, mitundu yonse ya zowola, zowala bii.

Gome: Dongosolo la fungicides

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphesa

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka pa mphesa ndi ma aphid (phylloxera) ndi nthata za akangaude.
Pofuna kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, mankhwala otsatirawa apangidwa:

• kudya, zolumikizana ndi m'mimba;
• Fozalon, yodziwika ndi kuchitapo kanthu kwakutali;
• Actellik, wovomerezeka mpaka maola 2, amalepheretsa kubwereranso kwa nsabwe;
• kinmix, yowonongeka kwa onse akuluakulu ndi mphutsi

Pofuna kuthana ndi akangaude, fosalon, benzophosphate, permethrin amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Tizirombo chilichonse, kuphatikizapo kangaude, timafa titathiridwa mankhwala ndi njira ya sulufule ya colloidal (75%).

Ndimayesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Motsutsa nsabwe za m'masamba ndimagwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa mbatata kapena matako a phwetekere. 1.5 makilogalamu a nsonga zodula pa malita 10 amadzi amatengedwa ndikuwakuphwanya kwa maola 3-4. Kuwaza ndi phulusa la nkhuni kumathandizanso (kapu imodzi ya phulusa mumalita 5 a madzi, ndikuikiriridwa kwa maola 12). Njira yothetsera sopo (100 g phula mumtsuko) imathandizanso. Ndipo kuyambira Mafunso Chidule ndimakonzekera kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi peel motere: mtsuko (buku limatengera kuchuluka kwa kulowetsedwa) ndi theka lodzazidwa ndi anyezi mankhusu, ndikuthira otentha (60-70^zaC) ndi madzi, ndimalimbikira masiku 1-2. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, ndimadzipereka ndimadzi kawiri ndipo ndimagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo.

Ndemanga za omwe amapanga vinyo

Sindigwira ntchito ndi Fundazole konse, ndipo ndimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amodzi ndi Ridomil Gold chaka chilichonse ngati njira yothandizira. Ndimakonda kusewera kale nthawi yokolola isanafike, kuzimitsa moto womwe udawotchedwa. Ndiponso sindigwiritsa ntchito Nitrafen. Ndipo nditatha maluwa, ndimakonda chinthu china chachikulu kwambiri kuposa nsonga iliyonse ya Abiga. Mwachitsanzo, chithandizo chogonana ndi Kursat. Ndipo sindigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala atizilombo, chifukwa Ndilibe Cheki kapena tsamba. Hafu yachiwiri yakulima ndiyonso ndiyendayenda momasuka m'munda wamphesa popanda mantha, ndipo ndimayesa zipatso kuthengo. Ndipo kuyambira kumapeto kwa maluwa mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, sindikugwira ntchito yamapangidwe.

Vladimir Stary Oskol, Belgorod Region

//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=32.140

Pofuna kuthana ndi zowola, ndimagwiritsa ntchito Horus ndi switch.

Vasily Kulakov Stary Oskol Belgorod Region

//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=32.140

Kwa zaka zingapo ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ndi Cabrio Top, EDC. Ndili wokondwa kwambiri ndi zotsatirazi: zimachita bwino motsutsana ndi khansa, anthracnose, oidium ndi zowola zakuda. Nyengo, chithandizo zingapo ndizofunikira, koma zimangogwiritsa ntchito mbande mu sukulu makamaka, chifukwa kudikirira ndi masiku 60. M'munda wamphesa wobala zipatso ndimayesetsa kuti ndisamagwiritse ntchito konse. Ngakhale muzovuta kwambiri, ngakhale asanakhale maluwa, nthawi zina amayenera kuzisintha ...

Fursa Irina Ivanovna Krasnodar Territory

//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=32.140

Chithandizo choyamba, atangochotsa pogona-500 gr, LCD, 10 l, madzi. Komanso kulima nthaka mozungulira tchire. Pambuyo povundira mphesa, 250 g, ammonium nitrate, pa 1 sq. M, thirirani mphesa zochulukirapo, ngakhale zitakhala zosaphika kapena zowuma. Kusintha koyamba kwa tchire, kukula kwa tsamba, ndalama masenti asanu. Ridomil Gold-50 gr, Topsin M-25g, Horus-6 gr, Bi 58 watsopano, malinga ndi malangizo. Chithandizo chotsatira, mutatha maluwa, ndi masabata awiri. Mankhwala omwewo + Colloidal sulfure, 60-80 g, pa 10 malita a madzi. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wina aliyense, koposa zonse, kutsutsana ndi zomwe zalembedwa komanso kuti sipadzakhala mabodza. M'makalasi apambuyo, ndimagwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chachitatu, Teldor, mogwirizana ndi malangizo + a potaziyamu permanganate + koloko. Sindigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena. Kamodzi zaka zitatu zilizonse, pakugwa, ndimapanga Vineyard ndi Dnokom.

Alexey Kosenko, dera la Kherson Golopristansky chokwanira.

//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showthread.php?t=14904

Munda wampesawo wabzalidwa kwa zaka zambiri (mpaka zaka zana): chitsamba chachikulu, chomera ndi zipatso. Chifukwa chake, musakhale aulesi, chitani chilichonse monga momwe mungayembekezere, muteteze mpesa ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, ndipo zotsatira za ntchito yanu zidzakhala zipatso za zipatso zamphesa.