Nastya ndi mitundu yosiyana ya mphesa: mitundu yambiri yatsopano imawonekera chaka chilichonse, ndipo iye, wobadwa ku Soviet Union, akadali pakati pa mitundu khumi yapamwamba kwambiri ya mphesa. Chifukwa cha kuphatikiza mchere wotsekemera komanso kuzindikira kwawo komwe kukukula, Nastya moyenerera amatenga malo oyenera m'minda yampesa komanso m'minda yampesa yayikulu minda.
Mbiri yakukula mphesa Nastya
Zambiri poti zimadziwika komanso zimakula kwambiri ngakhale "m'dziko la mphesa" - France, omwe anthu ake amadziwa zambiri zamitundu ya mphesa, amalankhula za kutchuka kwa mitundu. Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mphesa Nastya (dzina lachiwiri ndi Arcadia) unawonekeranso m'masiku a USSR ndipo udakali pakati pa okondedwa kwambiri m'maboma onse omwe anali mbali yake.
Nastya adadulidwa ndi obereketsa E.N. Dokuchaeva ku V.E. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking (Odessa) podutsa mitundu ya mphesa ya Cardinal ndi Moldova. Onse a "makolo" ake ndi mitundu ya patebulo. Ndizoyenera kunena kuti mitundu ina yosakanizidwa ya mphesa idapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu imodzimodziyo, koma Nastya ndi imodzi mwabwino kwambiri pamndandandawu, wotchuka kwambiri kuposa onse.
Kadinolo - m'modzi wa makolo a Nastya - safanana naye
Kudzera mwa zoyeserera za E. N. Dokuchaeva yemwe adabadwa mu 1926 mu mzinda wa Michurinsk m'chigawo cha Tambov, mitundu yopitilira 60 ya mphesa idaperekedwa ndi anthu ogwira ntchito ku Institute, ambiri mwa omwe amaphatikizidwa mu Mndandanda wa Zosiyanasiyana zamasiku ano Ukraine kapena wokhala ndi mapepala. Ndipo wobedwayo adalandira mphotho zapamwamba za Soviet - Orders of Friendship of Peoples, Badge of Honor, Red Banner of Labor.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti "makolo" a Nastya ndi mitundu yakuda. Koma mwana wawo wamkazi ndi wopanda zipatso zambirimbiri. Izi ndizomwe zili zodabwitsa za majini.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Nastya ndi chipatso choyambirira cha mphesa, choyenera kukhala nacho pazogulitsa. Zipatsozi zimadziwika chifukwa cha kukoma kwambiri, ndipo mitunduyiyo palinso yozindikira polima, yosagwira kwambiri chisanu.
Mabasi, kutengera dera ndi kukula kwa nyengo, amakula kuyambira sing'anga mpaka wamtali mbewu. Gawo la mphukira pomwe zipatso zimamera mpaka 75% ya iwo onse. Nthawi zina nyengo yotentha, mphukira imakhala ndi nthawi yakucha chilimwe pafupifupi kutalika konse. Kutalika kwake ndikutali kwambiri, komwe kuyenera kulingaliridwa pakubzala. Chabwinonso ndiko kutsina pang'ono mphukira zazitali kwambiri ndi zobiriwira zambiri, zitangofika kutalika kwa 1.5-2 metres. Nastya ali ndi masamba asanu okhala ndi masamba, pang'ono pansipa.
Nastya ali ndi tchire lalikulu, ndipo pamakhala zipatso zambiri
Zosiyanasiyana ndizosagwira chisanu, zomwe zimaloleza kuti zibzalidwe kumwera komanso pakati pa Russia. Koma mkatikati mwa njirayi pamafunikira malo ogona nthawi yachisanu, chifukwa imatha kupirira chisanu chokha mpaka -22 zaC, komanso yokhala ndiukadaulo waulimi woyenera - madigiri ochepa okha. Imakhala ndi kukana bwino ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, koma imafunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, pambuyo pake sipangakhudzidwe ndi mildew ndi oidium.
Nastya ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha zipatso zake zochuluka kwambiri, ndipo ngati katunduyo alibe, ndiye kuti zipatso zonse zimakhala ndi nthawi yoti zipse, koma izi sizabwino: izi sizingakhudze mkhalidwewo.
Mochulukidwa ndi zokolola, mipesa singakhwime pofika nthawi yophukira ndipo chifukwa cha ichi imafa pafupifupi kutalika konse, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu mu kholola lonse chaka chamawa. Koma ngakhale gawo lakutha kwathunthu la tchire, kutengera umphumphu wa mizu, limabwezeretsedwa mwachangu.
Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyambirira, koma osati zapamwamba kwambiri: kuchokera pakudzuka kwa masamba kuti kukolole, zimatenga pafupifupi masiku 120, ndipo mkatikati mwa msewu waukulu wa zipatso umapezeka mu Seputembala. Kum'mwera zigawo, zipatso zoyambirira zimakhwima pofika pakati pa Ogasiti. Masango a Nastya ndi akulu kwambiri, amakhala opanga mawonekedwe, koma zitsanzo za cylindrical zimatha kupezekanso. Kapangidwe ka masango a kachulukidwe kakang'ono: mutha kupeza zipatso zonse zokhala bwino, komanso zotayirira, osati zazikulu kwambiri. Komabe, ma bulu ochepa ochepa amalemera osakwana 500. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, kulemera kwakukulu kumakhala pafupifupi 900 g, koma zigawo zolemera mpaka ziwiri, kapena ma kilogalamu atatu, nthawi zambiri zimakula.
Maluwa a Nastya ndi achiwiri, motero amatha kumera ndi kubereka zipatso mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mphesa: Kupukutira kwakunja sikofunikira, ndipo maluwa ake amapukutidwa ndi pafupifupi 100%. Ayi, Nastya ndi pollinator woyenera wa mitundu ina.
Zipatso nthawi zina zimakhala zokutira, koma nthawi zonse zimakula pang'ono mwinanso zopendekera. Danga lamtunduwu limachokera 25mm ndipo kupitirira, mpaka 35 mm, kulemera kwake kumachokera ku 8 mpaka 15. G zamkati ndiwopanda minofu, wokhala ndi michere yambiri, khungu limakhala loonda, lopanda chidwi. Mu mawonekedwe aukadaulo waukadaulo, amakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu, ndipo atakhwima kwathunthu, amasandulika chikasu cha amber, chofundira chovala choyera. Kukoma kwa zipatso ndi kwabwino. Zomwe zili ndi ma acid komanso shuga zimapangidwa bwino, zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muzidya. Zinthu za shuga sizidutsa 16%, ndipo acidity yonse ndi 5-6 g / l. Chifukwa chake, kwa anthu omwe akuopa kuchita bwino, iyi ndi imodzi mwamitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mphesa. Mukamwa, mumamva fungo labwino kwambiri lotchedwa muscat.
Zipatso za Nastya zimakhala ndi mtundu wosiyanasiyana kutengera nthawi ndi kuwala
Pokhudzana ndi kapangidwe kazomwe amapangira zipatso, Nastya ndiwopangira zinthu zambiri kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano. Inde, ndipo ndichisoni kuti chisiyiretu kubwereza! Nthawi yomweyo, sizophweka kuti banja limodzi lipirire zokolola zazikulu. Alumali moyo wa zipatso ndi wabwino, mayendedwe alinso abwino, koma ku chitsamba chimodzi mutha kusonkhanitsa mpaka 40 kg, kapena zipatso zina. Mu firiji pafupifupi 0 zaPopeza amasungidwa mpaka miyezi itatu, koma firiji zapakhomo ndizochepa kwambiri.
Inde, mutha kufinya msuzi, kuphika ma compotes, kupukuta zoumba. Koma Nastya sioyenera kupanga vinyo. Inde, msuziyo umapukusidwa bwino, koma kukoma kwa zomwe zimapangidwazo kumakhala kwakukulu. Komabe, mitundu iyi ya tebulo ndiyotchuka kwambiri pakati pa okhala chilimwe komanso alimi omwe amalima mphesa pamalonda.
Kanema: Nastya (Arcadia) pa tchire
Makhalidwe a mitundu ya mphesa Nastya
Tasanthula kufotokozera kwa mphesa Nastya, tiyesa kumfotokozera mwatsatanetsatane. Zachidziwikire, mwa chizindikiro chilichonse, mutha kupeza mitundu yabwino kwambiri komanso yoyipa kwambiri, koma mwa zonsezo, mawonekedwe ake ndi amodzi abwino. Chifukwa chake, pali mphesa zam'mbuyomu, zomwe ndi zipatso zokulirapo. Pali zipatso zokhala ndi shuga wambiri, zazitali mashelufu. Pali tchire, lomwe silimatetezeka kumatenda komanso kulimbana ndi chisanu kwambiri. Koma palibe mitundu yabwino, ndipo mwina sipadzakhalanso. Ndipo mu Nastya ogula katundu amakhala bwino kwambiri, kulola kuti azikomera kuti zikule aliyense wokhala mchilimwe kapena mlimi.
Zina mwazinthu zabwino zomwe Nastya adakumana nazo ndi monga:
- kukoma kwambiri kwa zipatso;
- mawonekedwe okongola, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wake;
- kukula kwa zipatso ndi zipatso zonse;
- kuteteza mbewu;
- mayendedwe akulu;
- kucha kucha zipatso;
- zokolola zambiri (mpaka 40 makilogalamu pachitsamba chilichonse);
- maluwa abwino, amene safunika kubzala pafupi ndi tchire lina la mitundu ina ya mphesa, ngati pollinator;
- kukana kwambiri chisanu, komwe kumalola ngakhale pakati pa njira yozizira pansi pobisalirapo;
- kufalikira pofalitsa;
- kulima mosavuta;
- kukana mphutsi.
Monga mphesa zilizonse, ilinso ndi zovuta, ndipo zazikulu kwambiri:
- chizolowezi chodwala ndi zowola imvi ndi oidium popanda chithandizo chapadera;
- Kubala zipatso panthawi yamadzi nthaka.
Mwina, Nastya alibe zophophonya zina zazikulu. Zosiyanasiyana, malinga ndi zizindikiro zambiri, zimakhala pamalo otsogola pakati pa mphesa zamtundu woyamba kucha. Ndipo zabwino zomwe tafotokozazi zimapangitsa kuti ulimi wake ukhale wotchipa.
Zambiri zodzala ndi kukulitsa mbewu
Ngakhale nzika za novice za chilimwe zimatha kubzala Nastya pamalo awo, chifukwa kusamalira mphesa ndizosavuta. Osatinso malamulo obzala, kapena mfundo zoyambirira za chisamaliro ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika pamitundu ina.
Monga mphesa zilizonse, Nastya amakonda malo amasamba otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira. Ndikofunika kuti makoma a nyumbayo kapena mpanda wopanda kanthu uteteze zitsamba kuchokera kumbali yakumpoto. Silivuto kugula chakudya cha Nastya, koma simuyenera kuchita izi “pambali”, koma kuchokera kwa ogulitsa omwe ali ndi zikalata zilizonse zogulitsidwa. Koma Nastya imafalitsa mosavuta ndikudula, kupulumuka komwe kuli pafupifupi zana limodzi. Chifukwa chake, ngati mupeza phesi, mutha kumera nokha. Mukamasankha mmera, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti ili ndi mizu yathanzi. Asanabzike, mmera umayikiridwa m'madzi kwa tsiku limodzi, ndikudula pang'ono nsonga za mizu kuti idadzazidwe ndi chinyezi. Mutha kubzala mphesa m'dzinja, koma ndibwinobwino mu April.
Kudzala masika, dzenjelo likhale lokonzeka kugwa. Ndipo choyamba, mmbuyomu nthawi yachilimwe, malo osankhidwa amayenera kukumbidwa ndi feteleza (manyowa, phulusa, superphosphate), kuchotsa udzu wamuyaya. Panyengo yophukira, muyenera kukumba bowo lalikulu, masentimita 80 mulifupi. Kuongolera pansi (15-20 masentimita amiyala kapena njerwa yosweka) ndikofunikira kwambiri. Pansi pa dzenje muyenera kuyikamo feteleza wosakanikirana ndi dothi labwino, ndipo mulingo uwu (20-25 masentimita) pakayenera kukhala humus kuposa malo, komanso theka la chidebe cha phulusa ndi theka la kilogalamu ya azofoska. Ndipo pamwambapa, pomwe padzakhale mizu yaying'ono, nthaka yabwino yokhayo basi!
Ngati dothi silili ndi mchenga, muyenera kujambula chidutswa cha chitoliro mpaka pansi pa dzenjelo, kotero kuti m'zaka zoyambirira kuthirira mizu.
Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuyendetsa mtengo kuti mumange mphukira mchaka choyamba (ndiye kuti trellis yolimba idzalowetsa mtengowo). Ndikofunikira kubzala mozama kuti masamba osapitilira 2 akhale pamwamba. Kuthirira mmera, ndikofunikira kuti mulch dothi lozungulira.
Kusamalira Nastya ndikosavuta: kuthirira, kudyetsa, mphukira za garter, kudulira, njira zothandizira. Chilichonse kupatula kubzala sichimafunikira chidziwitso chapadera. Koma kudulira mphesa ndi luso, koma popanda kudulira kolondola sikungatheke: zokolola zimangokulirapo chaka chilichonse.
Kuti mupeze masango akuluakulu oyipitsa, muyenera kudula mphukira zowonjezera zonse, ndi masango ena owonjezera
Madzi ochulukirapo sofunikira, koma kuthilira nthawi ndi nthawi kumafunika, makamaka kumadera louma. Kufunika kwa madzi ndikokulira makamaka pakukula kwa zipatso, koma kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi, Nastia iyenera kuthiriridwa: lolani zipatso kuti zitolere shuga ndikuyamba kukhala chokoma. Panthawi yophukira yophukira, kuthirira kwa dzinja ndikofunikira posachedwa posungira tchire nthawi yachisanu. Dyetsa liyenera kukhala phulusa: kuyika malita angapo pachaka pansi pa chitsamba. Zaka ziwiri zilizonse kumayambiriro kwa kasupe - ndowa ziwiri za kompositi, mumayenje osaya kwambiri pafupi ndi tchire. Ndipo kawiri nthawi yachilimwe - kuvala pamwamba mwachangu pakupopera masamba. Asanayambe maluwa ndi pambuyo pake - ndi yofooka yankho la zovuta zamanyowa, pambuyo pa milungu ina iwiri - kokha ndi potashi ndi phosphorous.
Nastya sagwirizana ndi mphutsi, koma njira zodzitetezera, kupopera mbewu kumayambiriro kwa msana ndi yankho la sulfate yachitsulo sikungalepheretse. Koma kwa oidium, ndizosakhazikika, makamaka mumvula yamvula, chifukwa chake mutha kutaya zipatso zambiri. Chifukwa chake, masamba a 3-4 akawonekera pa mphukira, zimakhala zomveka kuwaza mundawo ndi Ridomil Gold.
Tsoka ilo, oidium ndiye mliri wa Nastya, ndipo tiyenera kupewa
Kumayambiriro kwamasika, chakudya chisanayambe, mutha kuchita kudulira pang'ono kwa mipesa. Vuto ndilakuti Nastya amayamba "kulira" molawirira, anthu ambiri okhala chilimwe amachedwa ndi opareshoni. Ndiosavuta kudula mphesa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, musanakhazikitse tchire nyengo yachisanu. Koma ntchito yayikulu pakusintha kutchingira chitsamba kuchokera ku mphukira zochulukirapo, ma stepons ndipo, mwatsoka, masango ayenera kuchitika m'chilimwe, pomwe madera osiyanawo akadali obiriwira komanso ang'ono: malinga ndi malamulo, gulu limodzi lokha liyenera kutsalira pa kuwombera kulikonse. Ngati mugwira ntchito molimbika m'chilimwe, mu kugwa kudzakhala kosavuta. Katundu wonse pachitsamba sayenera kupitirira 50 maso.
Isanayambike chisanu (kumapeto kwa Okutobala), mipesa yonse imayenera kuchotsedwa pamiyala, yomangirizidwa m'mitolo kuti ikhale yosavuta ndikuyigwiritsa pansi ndi chilichonse pansi. M'madera osavutitsa kwambiri, nthambi za spruce kapena paini kapena masamba owuma pamiyeso ndizoyenera izi, kumadera akumpoto amayesera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopanda nsalu kapena zovala zakale. Vuto ndilakuti pansi pa mbewa zotetezeka zotere zimamva bwino zomwe zimadya makungwa pafupi ndi mizu. Zotsatira zake, gawo lonse lakumtunda limafa. Chifukwa chake, pakakhala pobisalira kwambiri, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku makoswe ayenera kufalikira pansi pake.
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Mukadzaza kwambiri, amakula bwino m'chigawo cha Belgorod. Ndipo ngati ndicholinga, ndiye kuti ndi gawo la mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kukoka chilichonse chakuwononga mpesa. Pano pali "mayi wachikondi."
Stanislav Sharygin//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=212.0
Mitundu yodalirika kwambiri, yomwe timakonda (ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya mphesa patsamba lathu), sichitha chaka chilichonse. Nthawi zonse ndi mbewu. Chifukwa chake mu nyengo yomaliza ya 2017, adatisangalatsanso ndi mbewu yayikulu komanso yapamwamba. Mu 2017, kuyamba kwa nyengo yokukula inali Meyi 1-2, i.e. patadutsa sabata limodzi kuposa mu 2016. Koma maluwa adayamba pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo pa 16 June. Zowona, katundu nyengoyi anali wamkulu kwambiri - masango 39 onse adatsala. Izi, zoona, zidakhudza kukhwima, koma osati kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pa Seputembara 5, shuga omwe amakhala mu zipatso anali 15-16%, ndipo tidayamba kudula masango amodzi pa Seputembara 1. Mabulosi ake anali akulu komanso okoma. Masango ena anapachika mpaka Seputembara 29, popeza Seputembala anali wabwino komanso wotentha. Koma mpesa wakucha ndi maso okha ndi 4-6, womwe ndi woipa kwambiri kuposa mu 2015 ndi 2016. Zikuwoneka kuti, kugundana ndi kugwirana kwakutali kwa mipesa yomwe idakhudzidwa idakhudzidwa. Koma zokolola zabwino chaka chamawa, kukalamba kotero ndikwanira.
Peganova Tamara Yakovlevna//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=212.80
Mukuganiza kwanga, mitundu yosavutikira konse. Kokani katundu. Chaka chino, mabatani a 400 g atapachikidwa pamtengo wa mpesa osaposa 5mm. Ndipo onse apsa. Tsopano mpesa ukupsa mwakachetechete. Chifukwa chake, "umafunanso ng'ombe yamtunduwu!"
Imvi//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=58&t=156&start=60
Kanema: Kukolola mphesa ku Nastya (Arcadia)
Nastya ndi mtundu woyamba wa mphesa womwe umafuna kukhala ndi anthu ambiri okhala pachilimwe patsamba lake, ndipo amawulima m'mabizinesi akuluakulu alimi. Kuphatikizika kwa mikhalidwe yabwino mu tchire onse paliponse komanso zipatso kumapangitsa kuti akhale otchuka pakati pa akatswiri osiyanasiyana omwe amakonda mphesa ndi okonda. Pakati pa mitundu ya matebulo, Nastya ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri pa malo ogula komanso kumasulira.
