Posachedwapa, chidwi cha mitundu yatsopano ya nkhuku chikukula mofulumira, kotero n'zosadabwitsa kuti ngakhale mayina odabwitsa amachititsa chidwi. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za nkhuku zomwe zimatchedwa "bielefelder". Kodi ali ndi chisamaliro chotani komanso zomwe akufunikira kudziwa zokhudza kubereketsa nkhuku - kuwerenga.
Kufotokozera ndi zochitika za mtunduwu
Chinthu chachikulu cha bielefelder ndi mtundu wodabwitsa, koma musanamvetsetse maonekedwe onse a nkhukuyi, tidzanena pang'ono za mbiri ya chiyambi chake.
Kuswana
Mbiri ya kuswana mtundu wofotokozedwa uli ndi zaka zoposa makumi anai kuyambira pamene idalidwa ndi obereketsa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri za makumi awiri. Zokwanira za nkhuku zomwe analandirayo nthawi yomweyo zinawalola kuti apambane chikondi cha alimi m'mayiko ambiri, omwe ali oweta zokolola ndi amodzi. 
Bielefelder ali ndi mizu ya German, ndipo "kholo" lake ndi Herbert Roth. Anthu ambiri adaphunzira za mtunduwu mu 1976, pamene oimira awo adayikidwa pagonetsero "German Defined", yomwe inachitikira ku Hannover. Ndiye nkhukuzo sizinali ndi dzina lachizolowezi lero, ndipo dzina lakuti "bielefelder" linawonekera patangopita nthawi pang'ono, pamene iye anavomerezedwa ndi mamembala a German Breeding Birds Federation ndipo anapereka chitsimikiziro pa mtundu wonsewo.
Mukudziwa? Mu 1984, mbalame zoweta, zofanana ndi bielefelder, koma zing'onozing'ono, zinadziwika ngati mtundu wosiyana, chifukwa cha zomwe anthu anayamba kukamba za nkhuku zosawerengeka.
Mwachidule, powerenga kufotokoza kwa mbalameyi, tikhoza kunena mosamala kuti wofalitsayo amatha kupeza bwino zotsatira zabwino: Awa ndi nkhuku zazikulu, zomwe zimadziwika ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika, chomwe chimakhala chokongola kwambiri ndipo sichita mantha ndi chisanu. Kuonjezera apo, oimira onse ali ndi mazira abwino kwambiri. 
Pofuna kupeza makhalidwe apamwamba, akatswiriwa ankagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri, yomwe inali Rhode Island, New hampshire, Welsumer, Amroxes. Zonsezi zinathandiza kuti pakhale mbalame yatsopano.
Werengani komanso za mtundu wa nkhuku: Maran, mbuzi imene, highsex, brahma, Poltava, nyamayi, Kuchinskaya zaka, Zagorskaya salimoni, Silver Adler, redbro.
Zizindikiro za kunja
Lero pali mitundu yambiri yambiri ya nkhuku nyama ndi dzira, koma mtundu uwu umatsutsana ndi maziko awo ndi mtundu wokongola komanso wosadziwika wa nthenga - mtundu wa golide wakuda uli ndi mikwingwirima yaing'ono. Kumbuyo, khosi ndi mutu wa zisoti ndi zosiyana ndi mtundu wa ocher, ndipo zing'onozing'ono zoyera zimawonekera mthupi lonse, zokhudzana ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mphunoyi ndi yandiweyani. 
Thupi la tambala lili ndi mawonekedwe, ndi chifuwa chachikulu ndi mapiko apakati. Mimba imazungulira ndipo ikuwoneka kuti ikudzaza nthawi zonse. Chowoneka bwino ndi mchira mwamphamvu, makamaka kuphatikiza kwathunthu wopanda miyendo. Mapewa a amuna ndi ochuluka, ndipo khosi ndi lamphamvu komanso lodzaza ndi nthenga. Mphuno zofiira zimasiyanasiyana mu kukula kwa sing'anga ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ozungulira. Pamalo ooneka ngati masamba pali mano anai akuluakulu ndi dzino limodzi laling'ono pamapeto. Amakhala ndi makoko ndi ndevu. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi 4-4.5 makilogalamu.
Mosiyana ndi omwe akuimira kugonana kwakukulu, theka lachikazi la anthu okhala mu kholali ali ndi ubweya wofiira ndi mutu, ndipo m'mimba ndipo pambali pake pali mawanga ofiira, pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira kukhala wakuda ndi woyera, ndiyeno mzere wofiirira kumbuyo. Mofanana ndi amuna, mafundewa ndi owopsa kwambiri. Mafupa a nkhuku ndi ochepa kuposa mazira, mimba yawo imakhala yodzaza, ndipo kupindika kwa thupi kuli ndizing'ono. Amuna ndi akazi amachititsa kuti nyama ikhale yabwino, ndipo amatha kukhala ndi mazira ambiri. Kulemera kwa nkhuku wamkulu ndi 3.5-3.9 makilogalamu. 
Mkhalidwe wa Bielefeldors ndi wamtendere komanso wamtendere. Iwo sali mofulumira ndipo amangoyenda kuzungulira pabwalo.
Ndikofunikira! Mbali yaikulu ya nkhuku yomwe ikufotokozedwa ndi mtundu wa autosex wa usinkhu usana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nkhuku ikangoyamwa kuchokera ku dzira, wofalitsayo amadziwa nthawi yomweyo yemwe ali patsogolo pake: tambala kapena nkhuku. Amuna amakhala achikasu kwambiri, ndi mikwingwirima ya sinamoni kumbuyo ndi malo aakulu kwambiri pamutu. Ng'ombe zimakhala zakuda, komanso zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pafupi ndi maso ndi kumbuyo.
Mitundu yonse ya bielefelders imakula mofulumira ndi kulemera, yomwe ndi uthenga wabwino kwa obereketsa.
Kukonzekera
Pofotokoza za mtundu uwu wa nkhuku, ndizosatheka kuti musawakumbukire kukolola kwakukulu malinga ndi kupanga mazira. Mazira ndi aakulu, ndipo nkhuku zimathamangira nthawi zonse, kotero kuti mu chaka cha 190-230 mazira akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mbalame imodzi (amasiyana ndi mtundu wofiira, ndi kulemera kwao ndi 60-70 g). 
Nkhuku zowonjezera za nkhuku zimafikira ali ndi zaka ziwiri, kupatula kuti mazira amayamba pomwe ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mu mbalame ya zaka zitatu, dzira-imayikidwa kuti iwonongeke kachiwiri ndipo musabwerere ku mafanizo oyambirira.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za nkhuku: Sussex, Kokhinkhin, Brown Slang, Orpington, Dominants, Minorca, Black Bearded, Russian White, Andalusian, Fireball, Vianandot.
Zimene muyenera kuyang'ana pamene mukugula
Pofuna kubereka nkhuku za Bielefelder pa chiwembu chanu, mutha kugula nkhuku zowonongeka kale kapena kugula mazira kwa oimira mtunduwo. Pachifukwa chomaliza, zoopsazo ndizokulu, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kudziwa ngati mwagulitsa zomwe mukufunikira. N'zachidziwikire kuti zitsanzo zonse zimayenera kutsatila kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mazira omwe amapezeka pa nkhuku za mtundu uwu, koma ngakhale palibe zolakwika, zimakhala zovuta kulingalira kuti ziweto zidzakhala bwanji komanso ngati padzakhala nkhuku.
Ndikofunikira! Asanayambe kuika mazira a makulitsidwe, moyo wawo wa alumali sayenera kupitirira masiku asanu. Kuonjezerapo, kusungirako kuyenera kuchitika pamalo oyenera, kutentha mkati + 8 ... +12 ° C.
Ndi kugula nkhuku zowonongeka kale muyenera kutero mwayi wambiri kuti mukhale ndi abusa abwino a mtunduwu. Zonse zomwe zimafunikira ndi kufufuza nkhuku iliyonse ndikuyang'anitsitsa mtundu wake: mwa amuna, nthengazo zidzakhala zachikasu, ndi "mbalame" yowala pamutu, ndipo mu nkhuku mtundu wake ndi wovuta kwambiri. Komanso, ngakhale m'zigawo zochepa kwambiri n'zosavuta kuona mikwingwirima yakuda m'maso, omwe ndi khalidwe linalake lachikhalidwe. 
"Kudziwa" makolo a nkhuku zogula kudzawathandiza kupeŵa kukhumudwa. Zomwe zingatheke, yesetsani kufufuza momwe nkhuku zimayendera ndi maonekedwe ake, zomwe ziyenera kutsata zofunikira za mtundu wa Bielefelder.
Zomwe amangidwa
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwa nkhuku zomwe zimafotokozedwa mwachibadwa, n'zosavuta kuganiza kuti iwo adzafuna malo okwanira okhalamo. Izi zimagwirira ntchito mkati ndi malo oyendamo.
Nkhuku ziyenera kukonza zochitika kotero kuti, pamene akuyenda, samapunthana nthawi zonse, choncho, ngati malo alola, ndi bwino kuti munthu mmodzi yekha pa 1 m². Pokonzekera zowonongeka, munthu sayenera kuiwala za kukula kwake kochititsa chidwi kwa bielefelder, chifukwa ngati muwaika pamwamba, ndiye kuti, kuyesera kupita kumeneko, nkhuku ikhoza kugwa ndi kuvulala. Njira yabwino ingakhale kutalika kwa masentimita 50.
Ndikofunikira! Oimira a mtundu wofotokozedwawo sakhala ndi mikangano, ndipo chizolowezi chawo sichidzawalola kumenyana ndi achibale awo achiwawa (mwachitsanzo, nkhuku zosiyanasiyana ndi nkhuku). Otsatsawa amatha kudya chakudya chawo nthawi zonse, ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi amawakakamiza kuchoka kumalo omwe akukhala.
Palinso nsalu ina yofunika kwambiri: Ngati muli ndi miyendo ingapo ndipo mwakhala muzipinda zosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti simungathe kubweretsanso amunawo, chifukwa, makamaka, ayamba kuponderezana. 
Bwalo la kuyenda
Ziribe kanthu momwe malo okonzedwera amakhalire aakulu, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti chifukwa chachitukuko chachikulu cha bielefelders amafunikira ndipo kuyenda nthawi zonsemakamaka pabwalo lotseguka. Ngati palibe nyama zowopsya pafupi ndi nkhuku nkhuku ndi kunyumba ndipo mukhoza kupereka nkhuku mosamala, ndiye izi zidzakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vutoli.
Kuyenda mfulu, iwo okha adzatha kupeza chakudya chawo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zingatheke kusunga chakudya, ndipo padzakhala phindu linalake kuchokera ku chakudya choterocho. Patsiku lotentha, ndi bwino kukonzekera zakumwa kuzungulira ponseponse, komanso kuyesa kuonetsetsa kuti mbalame ili ndi ufulu wobwerera ku nkhuku.
Pofuna kuchepetsa kukhudzana kwa nkhuku ndi mbalame zakutchire (nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati zonyamula matenda osiyanasiyana), mukhoza kutambasula denga pamwamba pa malo oyenda.
Zimene mungadye
Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa mtundu wa Bielefelder ndi ndemanga za alimi omwe akhala akutenga nkhuku zoterezi nthawi zambiri, sakhala okhuta za chakudya ndipo amadya kudya chakudya chilichonse. Komabe, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti chakudya chomwe amadya chiyenera kukhala ndi mavitamini komanso mavitamini olemera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuwonjezera masamba ku mabokosi (beets, kabichi, nandolo, soya ndi chimanga). Monga "kudya" kwakukulu, mbalame zimapatsidwa chimanga, chimanga ndi oats, ngakhale momwe zingathere (kawirikawiri m'chilimwe), ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi masamba ambiri mu zakudya. 
Kuti nkhuku zitha kugwira ntchito, nkhuku zimafunika kuwonjezera nyama ndi fupa ndi chakudya cha nsomba, komanso kuyambitsa choko, rakushnyak ndi zipolopolo za dzira kuti zikhale bwino.
Ngati mutabala nkhuku kwa mazira okhandiye palibe zakudya zapadera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mmalo mwake, m'malo mwake mukhoza kuzipatsa zakudya zamapuloteni ambiri: kanyumba tchizi, amadyera, mazira, ndi kuyambira pa miyezi 1.5 - tirigu weniweni ndi balere. Mbalame zimadyetsedwa 2-3 patsiku, kusinthana pakati pa chakudya chouma ndi chonyowa (mwachitsanzo, m'mawa ndi madzulo mchere wouma, ndi madzulo phulusa lonyowa ndi chimanga). M'nyengo ya chilimwe, chakudya chimatha kusiya.
Katemera, chisamaliro ndi kuyeretsa
Bielefeldars ali ndi thanzi labwino, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti sakusowa chisamaliro choyenera. Chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri ndi ukhondo mkati mwa nkhuku nkhu ndi malo omwe mbalame zikuyenda. Oimira a mtundu uwu, mwinamwake oposa achibale awo, amawopsya kwambiri ndipo amadetsedwa ndi dothi, kutanthauza kuti sikutheka kupeŵa kufa kwa ziŵeto zosafunikira. 
Kusamba kwathunthu Ndibwino kuti zipinda zizigwira ntchito mwamsanga panthawi yachisanu, kuchotsa zinyalala ndi kuchiza otentha ndi madzi otentha ndi kuwonjezera kwa caustic soda. Kwa nthawi yokonza mbalameyo imasamutsidwa kanthawi. Komanso, musaiwale za kuyeretsa nthawi zonse za zinyalala mu henhouse. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imadalira kukula kwa chipinda ndi chiwerengero cha anthu okhalamo.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti zitheke, pansi pa nyumba ya nkhuku imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe ndi ovuta kupeza m'masitolo apadera.
Kuopsa kwa matenda kumakhala kochepa nkhuku zimakhala zoyera, malo okwanira komanso chakudya chokwanira, chomwe chili ndi zomera zambiri.
Koma nkhuku katemerandiye mwiniwake amadziwa ngati akufunikira kapena ayi, koma mulimonsemo zingakhale zothandiza kudziwa lingaliro la veterinarian. Katswiri adzalongosola kuti ndi katani omwe katemera angagwiritsidwe ntchito, komanso adzaonetsetsa kuti ntchito yawo ndi yoyenera. 
Kulera
Nkhuku za mtundu wa bielefelder zimapindula popanda kuthandizidwa ndi anthu, koma kwa eni ake omwe akuyang'ana kukhala oimira onse a mtunduwu, nkofunika kuti athetse njirayi. Nthaŵi zambiri, mazira omwe mumatha kutenga (mungatenge mbalame zanu kapena kugula kuchokera kwa wofalitsa wina) amagwiritsa ntchito makina apadera, ndipo mwiniwake amangofunikira kuika mazira mwa iye ndikuwongolera njirayo mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zoyenera.
Palibe chovuta mu ntchitoyi, ndipo atatha kuwerenga mosamala zofunikira zonse zogwiritsira ntchito makina otere, munthu akhoza kuyembekezera zida zapamwamba za anapiye.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
Monga mbalame yaikulu, ndikofunika kwambiri kuti tizilombo tomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizisunga. Iwo amasiyanitsa ndi kusalankhulana kwa malo onya, mbale, kapena chakudya chotawidwa ndi dzuwa, chifukwa chachinyamata angadwale. Pamene mukusamalira nkhuku zazing'ono, ndikofunika kusambitsa odyetsa nthawi zonse ndikusintha madzi, nthawi zonse kuyeretsa zinyalala (osachepera 1 nthawi patsiku). 
Kudyetsa
Oimira a mtundu uwu amakula mofulumira ndi kulemera, kotero amafunikira chakudya ndi mapuloteni apamwamba.
Mukudziwa? Amayi ena apeza njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vuto la zakudya zoyenera za nyama zinyama, kungowonjezera chakudya cha galu (ana) ndi zakudya za anapiye.
Kawirikawiri, njirayi si yopanda nzeru, chifukwa poyambitsa zakudya zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti thupi likhale ndi mafupa, komabe, ndikofunika kukhala ndi chidaliro mu mtengo wa wogula komanso osagwiritsa ntchito mopanda malire. 
Kawirikawiri pa sabata, nkhuku zimapatsidwa nsomba yophika bwino ndi tchizi, zomwe zimapereka thupi lokhala ndi calcium komanso mapuloteni omwe amafunikira. Kuchokera ku mbewu za tirigu, mukhoza kuwonjezera nandolo, soya, balere, tirigu, ndi oats ku zakudya, nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuwonjezera masamba obiriwira.
Powapatsa ma ward awo ndi mapuloteni a nyama, ena amatha kupanga milu yambirimbiri kuti asankhe mphutsi pa nthawi. Zoonadi, izi ndizosankha, koma padzakhala phindu lalikulu pa chisankho chotere: choyamba, nkhuku zitha kupeza zinthu zambiri zothandiza, ndipo chachiwiri, zomera zomwe zabzala m'munda zimatha kubereketsedwa ndi otsala otsala.
Nkhuku zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kusunga, choncho ndizoyenera kubereka kwa alimi omwe ali ndi zidziwitso komanso alimi a nkhuku, komanso nyama zabwino kwambiri komanso mazira okoma adzakhala mphotho yoyenera komanso yosamalidwa bwino.
