Udzu waudzu wamtundu wa Tsaritsa mulibe zokolola zambiri komanso zazikulu. Koma izi sizinachititse kuti obereketsawa azindikire kuti linali lachifumu. Ubwino waukulu wa mabulosi ake ndi kukana kupsinjika, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe ndi kuphatikiza kwa kukoma ndi kuwona.
Mbiri yakulimidwa kwa sitiroberi Tsaritsa
Zosiyanasiyana zidawoneka mu nyengo ya dera la Bryansk, pamalo oyeserera a Kokinsky a VSTISP. Mfumukaziyi idapezeka ndikuwoloka Red Gontlet ndi Venta. Mitundu iyi ya sitiroberi imachokera ku Scotland ndi Lithuania. Makhalidwe awo ofunikira - kukhazikika kwa nyengo yozizira, zipatso zosalala komanso kukana tizirombo ndi matenda - adasamutsidwira ku mtundu wina wa Tsaritsa.
Zipatso zonyezimira, zopangidwa nthawi zonse - mawonekedwe amitundu ya Tsaritsa
Wolemba mitunduyi, Doctor of Sayansi Svetlana Dmitrievna Aytzhanova, akukhulupirira kuti mabulosiwa amafananizidwa bwino ndi mikhalidwe yake, komanso ali ndi fungo labwino komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kofunikira pa mayendedwe.
Zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizidwa mu State Register of Kuswana Zokwaniritsa. Analimbikitsa kuti azilimidwa m'minda yamaluwa munthawi yotentha ya Central Russia.
Kufotokozera kosiyanasiyana Mfumukazi
Maonekedwe ndi kukoma kwake:
- tchire la chomera likufalikira, lalitali kutalika;
- masamba ndi osalala, pafupifupi popanda pubescence, ofewa, okhala ndi mano opindika;
- maluwa oyera, okongola, osakhala apamwamba kuposa masamba;
- zipatso za mawonekedwe olondola, pafupifupi kukula kwake, zonyezimira;
- mnofu ndi wofiyira, pakaphuka, umakhala wofiyira;
- kukoma kwake ndi wowawasa wokoma, shuga - mpaka 10%, asidi - 0,9%;
- fungo lamphamvu.
Strarberry Tsaritsa imatha kudziwika kuti ndi yamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Zambiri za mitundu yosiyanasiyana - zipatso zosalala zokhala ndi zipatso zowoneka bwino - zimapangitsa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikizapo ntchito zamalonda.
Mfumukazi imapereka zipatso za mawonekedwe olondola, omwe ali ndi mayendedwe abwino.
Zopatsa
Nthawi yogwira ntchito yokolola sitiroberi ndi zaka 2-3. Malinga ndi wamaluwa, zaka zopambana kwambiri ndi nyengo zoyenera, popenda malamulo osamalira sitiroberi, osachepera 500 g zipatso zitha kusungidwa pachitsamba chimodzi. Koma ndi ukalamba, zokolola zambiri zimatsika mpaka 350 g.
Zokolola zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka mzaka zitatu zoyambirira
Makhalidwe a Gulu
Garden sitiroberi Queen ali ndi izi:
- zipatso zoyambirira munyengo zimalemera 40-50 g, zipatso zotsatirazi zimakula pafupifupi mpaka 13 g;
- zokolola wamba zamitundu mitundu zimachokera ku 99 kg / ha mpaka 130 kg / ha;
- nthawi yakucha - sing'anga (kuphukira kwakukulu kumachitika mu Juni);
- kuthekera kwa kubereka - ndi njere, masharubu (makamaka - rosettes);
- Mphukira zam'munda wotsatira ukamakula mu August;
- hardness yozizira - yayitali;
- kukana chilala - mkulu;
- kukana matenda a fungal - mkulu;
- kukana nkhupakupa, aulesi - okwera.
Malamulo okula
Kuti mulime bwino mitundu, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo obzala ndi chisamaliro opangidwa ndi obereketsa. Choyamba, muyenera kusankha mosamala malowa a mabedi a sitiroberi. Za gawo lake:
- lathyathyathya, louluzidwa bwino ndi mphepo ndi dera lotetezedwa ndi dzuwa;
- malo otseguka kwambiri (pamenepa, pafupifupi 10 metres kuchokera ku sitiroberi zamtchire samabzala mbewu zazitali, osayika nyumba ndi zotchinga).
Nthawi zina, malo okhala ndi malo otsetsereka pang'ono ndi ovomerezeka, komabe ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti madzi samayenda pamizu. Mukadzala mabulosi pamalo ocheperapo, otentha, amapweteketsa ndikupatsanso mbewu yochepa.
Dothi
Dothi lodzaza ndi michere ndi loyenerera bwino:
- pa dothi komanso dothi lolemera, chomera chidzafunika kuyendetsa ngalande - ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mchenga wowuma kuti mukumba;
- pa dothi lamchenga mungafunike chidebe cha manyowa owola, kapu yamatanda ndi 60 g ya urea pa 1 sq. mita lalikulu.
Zoterezi zimatha kuwonjezeredwa pansi panthawi yophukira kukumba mabedi. Ngati ndi kotheka, wothandizila wina wokhala ndi vuto amakhalanso pansi.
Malinga ndi olima dimba, dothi labwino kwambiri la mabulosi olimidwa ndi dothi lopepuka lodzala ndi michere
Tikufika
Chapakatikati, sitiroberi zimatsukidwa ku malo akale obzala m'misasa, zanyama zakufa, ndikumasula nthaka mozungulira tchire ndikuwadyetsa.
Mbande zomwe zakonzedwa kuti zibzalidwe zatsopano zibzalidwe mu Epulo kapena Seputembala. Koma kubzala kwa Epulo ndikodalirika, chifukwa mbande zimamera mwachangu ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakula.
Kubzala masika kwa mabulosi kumakhala kwodalirika chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wabwino
Zomera zobzalidwa mu feteleza woipa, wodziwika bwino wa humus ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Motsatira zochita:
- Pangani mabowo kapena poyatsira mizu yakuya kwa mizu ya mbande.
- Onetsetsani kuti mukufalitsa mizu ya mbande mbali zosiyanasiyana.
- Finyani tchire ndi nthaka (chinthu chofunikira - simungathe kudzaza impso, ili pamtunda pang'ono).
- Thirirani chitsamba mosamala nthawi yomweyo (ndibwino kuti muchite izi pang'ono, ndikugawa madzi mozungulira chomera).
- Mulch (gwiritsani ntchito udzu wouma, udzu kapena utuchi ndi wosanjikiza pafupifupi 5 cm).
Kuti muteteze mbande kuti zisawononge mbalame, mutha kuziphimba ndi agrofibre (spanbond), koma yodalirika - ndi ukonde. Ndiye pakagwa mvula zipatso ndi tchire sizikhala pachivundikiro kwanthawi yayitali ndipo sizivunda.
Kanema: Malangizo akufikira
Momwe mungasankhire mbande
Chifukwa chiyani obereketsa ozolowera ali ndi chikhulupiriro chonse kuti kusankha koyenera kubzala zinthu ndi komwe kungathandize kukwaniritsa zomwe zikuyembekezeka mukukula? Chifukwa matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo timabweretsedwa ku ziwembu zathu zamaluwa ndi mbande zogulidwa.
Wolemba mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabulosi a m'munda Tsaritsa Svetlana Aytzhanova amalimbikitsa kutenga mbande zokha:
- pakupanga malo osakira ndikuyang'anira mbewu;
- m'mabungwe omwe akatswiri ogwiritsira ntchito biotechnologists amagwira ntchito yoberekera (pansi pazomera, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono).
Pokhapokha pazochitika izi pomwe mungatsimikizire zaukhondo. Malo osungira monga amenewa amagwira ntchito ku Moscow (mu Konstantin A. Timiryazev RSAU), Orel, Tula, Michurinsk, Tambov Oblast ndi ena.
Strawberry mbande mwa iwo amagulitsidwa mosiyanasiyana, ndi mizu yotetezedwa mwamphamvu. Izi, zikafika pokhazikika, zimapatsa 100%.
Kumvetsetsa kofunikira: mukamagula mbande mumphika, muyenera kuwunikira mizu - iyenera kugawidwanso bwino pa thankiyo. Ngati mbande zikugulitsidwa mumbale za peat, mizu yolimba komanso yathanzi imakonda kuonekera pamene imatuluka m'makoma.
Kubzala zinthu ndikofunikira pa thanzi la zitsamba za sitiroberi.
Kutsirira koyenera
Ngakhale amadziwika kuti amakana kutentha kwambiri, kuthirira kambiri ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zipatso zochuluka. M'madera akummwera komanso kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Russia, tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa dongosolo lothirira madzi okwanira.
Masamba a Tsaritsa osiyanasiyana amafunika kuthirira okwanira bwino
Madera akumwera ndi pakati, ngati nyengo yotentha ikhazikitsidwa zoposa crescent, sitiroberi zamtchire zidzafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse (malita 20 a madzi pansi pa chitsamba chachikulu chimodzi, osapitirira kamodzi pa sabata). Madzi oterowo amadzaza dothi ndikulimitsa mpaka 30 cm. Umu ndi momwe malo omwe mizu yolimba imatenga. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri:
- munthawi ya maluwa ambiri a sitiroberi;
- pakapangika mazira ndi zipatso;
- pa nthawi yothira ndi kucha zipatso.
Nthawi zina, ngakhale mu mzere, malo owuma, zidzakwanira kuti muchepetse kuthirira (kawiri pamwezi). Njira zapadera zothirira madontho zimapangitsa kuti madzi azitha kuchepetsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndowa imodzi pachitsamba chilichonse.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizithirira sitiroberi mothandizidwa ndi kukonkha - madzi omwe amagwera pa tchire angayambitse zipatso zowola ndi zowuma. Kuthirira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito paminda ya sitiroberi kokha pakatentha kwambiri kapena pamphepo, pomwe madzi amawuma msanga, popanda kukhala ndi vuto.
Kusamalira Mabedi
Kuti mukule bwino, mbewu zazing'ono zimafunikira kudula ndi kumasula dothi - ma sitiroberi amafunika kupezeka kokwanira kokwanira ka mizu. Kuti muchite izi, pewani kuwoneka ngati kutumphuka kwapansi pamtunda. Malamulo akulu osamalira:
- kumasula kumachitika ndi fosholo m'mphepete mwa mzere ndi khasu laling'ono kuzungulira tchireyo (chitani izi mosamala, osakumba zoposa 1 sentimita pafupi ndi chomera);
- nthawi yomweyo, minda ya sitiroberi imakonda kutsukidwa ndi zinyalala, masamba akale ndi udzu.
Ndi isanayambike m'dzinja, pamene nthaka yozungulira tchire imakhazikika, ndipo chomera chikamakula mwachangu mizu, ndikofunikira kuti mutulutse masamba a udzu. Ngati izi sizinachitike, pambuyo pake mizu idawululidwa, mbewuyo imafooka ndipo ikhoza kufa chifukwa cha kuzizira.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Nyengo yamaluwa ndi zipatso ndi nthawi yabwino kupopera ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu
Panthawi ya kukula ndi zipatso zamasamba, musayiwale za mavalidwe apamwamba:
- pakubzala, nitrogen-mineral tata imayambitsidwa, yopanga phulusa, nitrophosphate ndi urea;
- nthawi yamaluwa ndi zipatso
- kutha kwa zipatso, ndikofunika kuti mupange feteleza wokonzeka wopanga Spring-Chilimwe mu mawonekedwe a granules.
Ngati sitiroberi za m'munda sizilandira feteleza wokwanira, zipatso zake zimayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, zimakhala zonunkhira komanso zonyoza. Masamba amayamba kuzimiririka, kupindika ndikusintha mtundu wake wobiriwira kukhala wopaka, wachikasu kapena wamfiyira.
Ndikofunika kuti tisaiwale kuti feteleza wambiri amawononga kukoma kwa mbeu. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso zosodza zimatha kudwala imvi. Pakutha mopambanitsa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti zonenepa m'tchire zimatha kuwonongeka chifukwa cha chipatso.
Kudulira masharubu
Kuti tisunge mphamvu ndikukula kwathunthu kwa zitsamba za sitiroberi, ndikofunikira kudula ndevu zake pa nthawi. Ndikulondola kwambiri kuchita izi kawiri pachaka:
- Chapakatikati, patatsala pang'ono maluwa.
- Mukugwa, mutakolola.
Pantchito, ndikwabwino kusankha nyengo youma komanso bata. Simungadule masharubu popanda chida. Ayenera kupetedwa ndi zida zokutira kapena maudindo. Izi zimachitika pofuna kupewa kuwononga mizu panthawi yopuma.
Tizilomboti ndibwino kuchotseratu. Koma ngati kukonzedwa kwina kukukonzekera, ndiye kuti ma chamba oyamba kuthengo okha ndi omwe angotsalira.
Tizirombo ndi chitetezo kwa iwo
Musanadzalemo mbande pabedi, ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti palibe tizirombo. Ngati mtundu wa Tsaritsa sugwirizana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono - sitiroberi mite, ndiye kuti majeremusi ena amatha kuvulaza sitiroberi. Oopsa kuposa ena kwa mphukira zake zazing'ono ndi mphutsi za Meyi kachilomboka ndi waya.
Wireworm - imodzi mwa tizirombo owopsa kwambiri kwa achinyamata mphukira za sitiroberi zamtchire
Makamaka, mawonekedwe awo amakhudzidwa ndi kuyandikira kwa malowa mpaka kumalire a nkhalango.
Adani owopsa a mabedi a sitiroberi - mphutsi zazikulu za kachilomboka
Njira yotsimikiziridwa kwambiri pochotsa dothi lamkati ndikuwonjezera madzi ammonia. Kukhazikitsa alkaloid lupine kumathandizanso. Zinthu zomwe zili mchomera - ma alkaloids - zimalepheretsa kukula kwa tizirombo, ndipo ndikudzutsa mabakiteriya okhala m'mizu kumalimbitsa nthaka ndi sitiroberi yofunikira.
Munthawi yowoneka ngati ma peduncle, kuti muchepetse kupezeka kwa tizilombo toononga komanso nyemba za ufa, sansani nkhokwe ndi yankho lomwe lili ndi:
- Karbofosa (60 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi);
- salfa wa colloidal (50 g pa ndowa iliyonse).
Ngati pofika kumapeto kwa chilimwe tating'onoting'ono timayang'ana masamba, muyenera kuwachitira ndi njira yofooka ya manganese. Ngati izi sizikuthandizani, muyenera kutsatira malangizo:
- Chotsani masamba akale odwala.
- Athandizeni ndi topazi a fungaz.
- Thirani njira ya ayodini pansi pa muzu (madontho 5 a ayodini pa 10 malita a madzi).
- Pambuyo pakupanga zipatso, chitani ndi Topazi.
- Mukatha kukolola, dyetsani mbewuzo ndi superphosphate.
Kukonzekera sitiroberi nthawi yachisanu
Mwa alimi, njira ndiyodziwika - kutchera kwathunthu kapena tchire la nyengo yachisanu. Koma ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndikokwanira kuchotsa masamba owuma komanso odwala. Kupatula apo, gawo lomwe lili pamwamba pa nthaka liyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yokulira mpaka nthawi yophukira, apo ayi zipatsozo sizidzawoneka.
- Tsoka ilo, kuti tipewe kufalikira kwa nkhupakupa ndi nematode, wina ayenera kutema masamba. Koma kuti kuuma kwa nyengo yachisanu sikuchepe, muyenera kudula masamba osati nthawi yozizira, monga ambiri wamaluwa amateur amatero, koma atangotola zipatsozo. Pokhapokha ndi pomwe nyengo yachisanu imakhala yolimba (ndipo, monga chotulukapo chake, zokolola) sikuti idzangokhala kuchepa, komanso kuchuluka.
Komabe, masamba omwe adasungidwa (ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo) sayenera kusiyidwa pabedi lomwelo kapena chapafupi, apo ayi ntchitoyo itakhala yopanda ntchito, popeza tizirombo tibwerera kuthengo. Masamba odwala ayenera kuyikiridwa mozama momwe angathere pamulu wa kompositi, komanso bwino - kuwotcha.
S.D. Aitzhanova
Ndikwabwino kudula masamba mukakolola - choncho mbewuzo zimatha kuchira nthawi yozizira
Ngakhale kukhazikika pakulima nyengo yachisanu, sitiroberi zamtchire zimafunikira chisanu kapena chisanu. Komabe, zonse zimatengera malo omwe akukula. M'madera apakati, m'chigawo chapakati cha Volga, dera la Moscow, mitundu ya Tsaritsa sifunikira pogona ndipo imalekerera nyengo yachisanu. M'malo otsetsereka, omwe ndi chipale chofewa, komanso kumpoto, ndikofunikira kuti ndikuphimba nkhomaliro yozizira ndi mulch kapena chomera chilichonse chaulimi.
Popanda chophimba cha chipale chofewa, mizu yazomera imatha kupirira -14-16 ° C. Ngati chipale chofundira chimaphimba pansi ndi wosanjikiza oposa 25 cm, chimatha kuteteza sitiroberi ngakhale mu chisanu mpaka-35 ° C.
M'nyengo yozizira yopanda chisanu, onetsetsani kuti mwaphimba bedi ndi nthambi zonunkhira, udzu, masamba akulu (mapulo, zifuwa) kapena zida zapadera. M'malo opeza ndi mphepo zamphamvu, pobisalira zotere tiyenera kukhazikika.
M'nyengo yozizira yopanda chisanu, sitiroberi imafunikira pogona
Ndemanga zamaluwa
O, mlongo wanga wakhala akulima izi kuyambira chaka chatha kunyumba yanyengo ku Ryazan Region. Koma amagwiritsa ntchito chidebe cha humus pa mita imodzi ya nthaka, komanso kuchuluka komweko kwa peat kosakanikirana ndi utuchi. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika kuyambira nthawi yamasika. Zipatso zoyambirira za Mfumukazi zinali zazikulu, zotsatila osati kwambiri, koma zokoma ndi zonenepa. Tidayendetsa 200 km mu banki mgalimoto - tidabwera nayo!
Marina Kuzanova//vk.com/rastenijdoma
Ndimakula nyengo zitatu. Mitundu yakucha yakucha. Mabulosiwo ndiakulu, amakulunga, kuthekera ndi bwino. Kukoma kwake ndikabwino. Kuthana kwambiri ndi matenda a mizu ndi tsamba. Pa nthawi yonseyi yaulimi, sindinkalemba matenda a mizu. Kukaniza kuyika pakati ndi kwakukulu (ndili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana). Ma nsabwe patsamba langa amakonda kwambiri izi zosiyanasiyana. Tchire ndi lotsika, laling'ono, lozungulira. Kufika pakati pa chitsamba pokonzekera ndi kwaulere. Zotsatira zoyambira pansi pa tsamba, osagwira mabulosi. Imakhudzidwa ndi zowola imvi nyengo yamvula. Kutha kubweza ndi kwabwino. Kukula kwapakatikati: zopezeka pachaka - mapesi a maluwa 2-3, ana azaka ziwiri - 4-6. Zosiyanasiyana ndizabwino kwambiri, zovuta zokhazokha ndizovuta zochepa.
Roman S.//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=7262
Ndinakulitsa Mfumukazi kwa chaka choyamba ndipo ndinkafunadi kuwona zipatsozo, ndipo ndinabzala mu Meyi, sindinadule mapesi a maluwa, mbewuzo zinali zisanapeze mphamvu, ndiye kuti zipatso zake zinali zokoma, koma osati zazikulu, ndipo kulemera kwake koyambirira kunali mpaka 50 g Koma mchilimwe ndidawona Mitundu yomweyi patsamba lina pomwe zipatso zinali zomwezo. Masharubu anga adapereka kuchuluka, ndipo ndi chiyani chomwe ndikanayembekezera kuchokera kwa iye.
Tamara//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?f=31&t=7585&
Omwe alimi ambiri adatha kukondana ndi sitiroberi za mtundu wa Tsaritsa osati chifukwa cha zipatso zowala ndi zonunkhira, komanso chifukwa chokhoza kupulumuka nyengo yozizira yaku Russia komanso nyengo yachilimwe. Ndi khama laling'ono, aliyense azitha kupeza chokhazikika bwino chaka ndi chaka.
