Zosankha mphesa: momwe mungadyere mpesa kuti uzitidyetsa

Asayansi apeza kuti mphesa ndizosasinthika posankha dothi, iliyonse yoyenera kutero, kupatula madamu a mchere ndi ma swamp. Pa kukula kwake, safunikira kwenikweni chonde, amakhala ndi dothi labwino komanso lamchenga. Koma ngati tikufuna kulima mpesa womwe umapereka zokolola zambiri, tidzadyetsa nyengo yonseyi yakukula.

Zosankha mphesa

Mphesa - mtengo wosatha wa mpesa. Mphukira - mphesa - mipesa - imatha kutalika mita angapo. Ndiwokwera bwino kwambiri: kulumikizana tinyanga tawo tating'onoting'ono pa nthambi, zopindika, zopondera, zimakwera mosavuta pa akorona amitengo, madenga a arbor, zipilala ndi nyumba zina. Zipatso - zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso zokoma ndi zotsekemera - zimasonkhanitsidwa pagulu lokoma.

Mbiri ya momwe mphesa zimayambira kale zaka masauzande ambiri, ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti ndi ndani ndipo anali woyamba liti kupeza zachilengedwe zodabwitsazi, ndikofunikira kuti zatsikira kwa ife, zachulukitsidwa ndi mitundu yokongola komanso zimakondweretsa ndi kukongola kwa kusankha ndi kulawa.

Magulu a mphesa, omwe amasamalidwa ndi dzuwa ndi manja osamala, amasangalala ndi kukoma kwambiri

"Palibe chisangalalo chachikulu padziko lapansi kuposa kumva kununkhira kwa munda wamphesa wamaluwa ..."

Pliny Mkulu

Kutolere kwamawu

Mavalidwe apamwamba a mphesa amayamba "kuchokera ku chikhodzodzo". Dzenje lobzala limasakanikirana ndi zosakanikirana ndi dothi, zophatikiza bwino ndi michere kuti chitsamba chaching'ono chikhale ndi chakudya chokwanira chaka chamawa kapena ziwiri. Mothandizidwa ndi:

• Zidebe za 1-2 za humus kapena manyowa owola;
• 200 g ya superphosphate ndi 150 g ya potaziyamu sulfate (kapena 1 lita imodzi ya phulusa).

Kenako mutha kuyamba kuvala mizu ndi foliar top. Pazakudya zoyenera za mitengo ya mphesa, feteleza ndi ma organic amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Feteleza

Feteleza, kapena mchere, feteleza ndi:

• yosavuta, yopanga chinthu chimodzi (phosphorous, nayitrogeni, potaziyamu);
• zovuta, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu za 2-3 (mwachitsanzo, azofoska, potaziyamu nitrate, ammophos);
• ovuta, kuphatikiza mitundu yambiri ya mchere ndi ma microelements (mwachitsanzo, Biopon, Tsamba Loyera, AVA, Zdorov, Super Master, Novofert, Plantafol). Ubwino wa feteleza wovuta:
  • kusungika kwapangidwe kaphatikizidwe kazinthu;
  • imakhala ndi zofunikira zonse za chomera china;
  • sinthanani ntchito ya wophatikiza viniga mu mawerengero nthawi yomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito.
    

    Fertilizer Novofert "Mphesa" amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito mukamaliza maluwa opatsa maluwa

Zina mwa feteleza za michere ndizofunikira kwambiri mphesa.

Potaziyamu

Ziribe kanthu kuti 'timatha kudyetsa' bwanji mphesa zathu, ngati potaziyamu mulibe pa menyu, mpesawo udzafuna, chifukwa potaziyamu:

• imathandizira kukula kwamphukira;
• imathandizira pakucha zipatso;
• kumawonjezera shuga;
• amathandizira pakusasitsa mpesa;
• imathandizira chitsamba cha mphesa kuti chikhalebe nthawi yachisanu, komanso nthawi yotentha kupirira kutentha.
  

  Pa dothi lokhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira, mchere wa potaziyamu pansi pa mpesa ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kumayambiriro kwamasika

Azofoska

Azofoska ndi feteleza wophatikiza yemwe amaphatikiza zinthu zofunika kwambiri pazomera zomwe mbewu imafuna, mphesa zofunika kututa bwino ndikuthandizira chitsamba:

• nayitrogeni
• potaziyamu
• phosphorous
  

  Azofoska amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala ndi kubzala pansi pa mpesa

Feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira ziwiri:

• kuyambitsa mwachindunji nthaka youma;
• kuthira yankho ku mizu kudzera m'mapaipi kapena ngalande zokumbira.

Urea

Urea (urea) ndi imodzi mwazofunikira feteleza wa nayitrogeni pa mphesa, amathandizira:

• kukula kwa mpesa mwachangu;
• kumanga unyinji wobiriwira;
• kukulitsa gulu.
  

  Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa urea munthawi yake (kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yomera) kumathandizira kuti mpesa upite msanga

Boron

Kuperewera kwa boron kumakhala ndi vuto pa mapangidwe a mungu wamphesa, womwe umasokoneza umuna wa mazira. Ngakhale kuvala mphesa zosavuta pamtengo wapamwamba ndi boron musanafike maluwa kungakulitse zipatso ndi 20-25%. Zinthu za Boroni ndi boron:

• thandizani kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala a nayitrogeni;
• onjezani zomwe zili za chlorophyll mu tsamba;
• kusintha kagayidwe kachakudya njira.

Zofunika! Kuledzera kwa boron kumakhala kowopsa kwambiri kuposa kuperewera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pokonzekera yankho ndikofunikira kuti muwerengere bwino mankhwalawo molingana ndi malangizo.

Kuperewera kwa boron kumayambitsa kuwonongeka pakupanga mazira azungu

Feteleza wachilengedwe

Nthawi yonse yokula, kuphatikiza feteleza wachilengedwe, ndizotheka ndikudyetsa mphesa ndi organic. Ma feteleza achilengedwe ndi achilengedwe ali ndi mafani awo ndi otsutsa, chifukwa chake, owerenga okondedwa, zili ndi inu ndi inu kuti musankhe zomwe mungakonde. Kapena mwina pezani malo apakati - gwiritsani ntchito organic ngati "snack" pakati pazovala zazikulu? Kuphatikiza apo, chisankho chathu chiri chonse.

Manyowa

Ichi ndi chiweto chomwe chili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza:

• nayitrogeni
• potaziyamu
• phosphorous
• calcium

Manyowa a mahatchi amaonedwa ngati abwino kwambiri, ndiye kuti pali ng'ombe, kapena mullein. Musanagwiritse ntchito feteleza ngati feteleza, muyenera kuigwiritsanso ntchito (kupita kukayala nthaka kuzungulira chitsamba) kapena kukonzekera kulowetsedwa (kuthirira kuzungulira mizu) motere:

1. Mu chidebe, voliyumu yomwe imatengera kuchuluka kwa kulowetsedwa kumafunikira, ikani manyowa atsopano ndikuwonjezera madzi muyezo wa 1: 3.
2. Tsekani zolimba.
3. Kuumirira kwa masabata awiri, nthawi zina kusakaniza bwino. Adzakhala mowa wa amayi.
4. Kuti akonze yankho logwira, 1 lita imodzi ya mowa wa mayi uyenera kuchepetsedwa m'malita 10 amadzi.
   

   Kukonzekera njira yogwira ntchito ya mullein, 1 l mowa wa mayi umadzipaka 10 l madzi

Mphesa zimapatsidwa kulowetsedwa kwa mullein kudzera mumapaipi kapena ngalande kamodzi pakatha milungu iwiri, kuphatikiza ndi kuthirira.

Ndowera mbalame

Madontho a mbalame ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi moyo wa mbalame, feteleza wamtengo wapatali chimodzimodzi. Itha kuyikidwa mu kompositi kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kulowetsedwa. Dongosolo lokonzekera kulowetsedwa:

1. Thirani kilogalamu ya mbalame zowuma ndowa.
2. Kenako onjezani 10 malita a madzi.
3. Siyani kupesa, nthawi zina. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, mayi amamwa.
4. Kukonzekera ntchito yothetsera, kuthira mowa wa mayi mu chiŵerengero cha madzi a 1:10.
   

   Ndowe zonyamula mbalame zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'misika yaminda

Kulowetsa manyowa a nkhuku kumathiridwa kudzera m'mapaipi amkati kapena m'makola pakati pazovala zazikulu, kuphatikiza ndi kuthirira kamodzi masabata awiri.

Povala pamwamba kwambiri ndi manyowa ndi manyowa am'madzi, timasankha chinthu chimodzi kapena kusinthana kuti tisamaze mbewuyo.

Phulusa

Phulusa la nkhuni ndi chovala choyenera pamwamba pa mphesa, chimaphatikizapo:

• pafupifupi 10% magnesium ndi phosphorous;
• pafupifupi 20% potaziyamu;
• mpaka 40% calcium;
• sodium, magnesium, silicon.

Ikauma, imakonza bwino nthaka komanso mawumbidwe a nthaka, ndikuwasanja. Pa dothi lolemera, phulusa limabweretsedwera kukumba m'dzinja ndi masika, komanso pazoyala zamchenga - kokha kumapeto. Mlingo wofunsira ndi 100-200 g pa 1 sq. Km. m

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti phulusa silikugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, chifukwa limathandizira "kusakanikirana" kwa nayitrogeni, chifukwa chake tigwiritsa ntchito foliar kudyetsa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa kwa mphesa. Zachitika motere:

1. Phulusa la nkhuni limathiridwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 2.
2. Kuumirira masiku angapo, oyambitsa pafupipafupi.
3. Kenako umasefedwa ndipo malita awiri amadzi amawonjezeredwa pa lita iliyonse ya kulowetsedwa kwa chiberekero.

Phulusa la phulusa limathiridwa ndi mbewu pakati pazovala zazikulu.

Kwa mphesa, kuvala kwapamwamba pamakhala ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mazira

Zipolopolo za mazira ndi zina mwa feteleza wachilengedwe. Pafupifupi kwathunthu (94%) muli calcium calcium. Feteleza kuchokera pamenepo zakonzedwa motere:

1. Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito mazira, chigombacho chimasonkhanitsidwa, kutsukidwa ndikuuma.
2. Zigoba zouma ndi zoyera zimayikidwa mu chopukusira (ngati ndalama zochepa, ndiye kuti ndizotheka mu chopukusira khofi).
3. Feteleza wokonzeka waikidwa mu chida chilichonse chabwino.
   

   Muzimutsuka ndi kupukuta mazira musanadule

Gwiritsani ntchito mazira ophwanya zipatso kuti muchotsere dothi mozungulira mphesa ngati pakufunika, pa 0,5 makilogalamu a ufa pa 1 sq. m

Kubwera mankhwala azitsamba

Feteleza wodabwitsa wachilengedwe ndi kulowetsedwa kwazitsamba. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera gawo lalikulu. Pangani kulowetsedwa motere:

1. Dzazani chidebe (nthawi zambiri mbiya) ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a udzu watsopano.
2. Pamwamba ndi madzi, osafika pamwamba pa 10 cm.
3. Ndiye kuphimba ndi nsalu yotayirira kapena yopyapyala ndikuumirira masiku 3-5, kusakaniza nthawi ndi nthawi zamkati mwake.
4. Okonzeka kulowetsedwa kumasefedwa.
   

   Kubweretsa mankhwala azitsamba abwino kwambiri kumapezeka kuchokera ku maula

Udzu wina wonse umayikidwa mu milu ya kompositi, mutizungulira umasanduka kompositi udzu, ndipo kulowetsako kumagwiritsidwa ntchito muzu ndi mapangidwe apamwamba pamlingo wa 1 lita imodzi ya kulowetsedwa pa malita 10 a madzi. Kuvala kwazika pamwamba kumaphatikizidwa ndikuthirira, foliar imachitika pakati pa kupopera kwakukulu pa pepalalo.

Kulowetsedwa kwa yisiti

Kuphatikiza kwabwino kwa menyu ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mphesa. Feteleza uyu ndiwotetezeka kwathunthu kwa anthu ndi zomera. Yisiti ili ndi:

• saccharomycetes bowa,
• Mavitamini B,
• agologolo
• chakudya
• kufufuza zinthu.

Kukonzekera kulowetsedwa kwa yisiti muyenera:

1. Thirani mkate wamkati mu chidebe - pafupifupi theka lachinayi la voliyumu.
2. Onjezani supuni ziwiri zitatu za shuga ndi 50 g ya yisiti wosaphika wopaka.
3. Thirani m'madzi, kusiya malo owola.
4. Limbikani m'malo otentha mpaka mutapeza mkate.

Njira yothetsera imapangidwa pamlingo wa 1 lita imodzi ya kulowetsedwa pamadzi 10. Mavalidwe apamwamba omwe amaphatikiza ndi kuthirira.

Kanema: pangani nokha feteleza wachilengedwe wa mphesa

Kukula mphesa nthawi

Mukukula, zipatso zisanu ndi zitatu zapamwamba za mphesa zimachitika, zomwe ziwiri ndi zapamwamba. Mlingo ndi mfundo za ntchito feteleza zikuwoneka pansipa.

Kubvala kwazu muzu

Maluwa atangoyamba kufalikira pa mpesa, kuvala muzu wamasamba kumachitika ndi zovuta za feteleza wa mchere, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

• ammonium nitrate kapena urea,
• superphosphate
• mchere wa potaziyamu.

Feteleza ndikofunikira kuti mphesa zibwezeretsenso kuperekera kwa zakudya pambuyo pakupuma. Zonse zothetsera feteleza wama mchere zimapangidwa mogwirizana ndi malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa. Chezani kudyetsa motere:

1. Feteleza wokonzedwayo amathiridwa kudzera mapaipi okumbira kapena, ngati palibe, m'mayenje ang'onoang'ono kapena mumakumba kamtunda kamtunda wa 50 cm kuchokera ku chitsamba, kuya kwa 40-50 cm.
   

   Mu maenje akuya masentimita 60, mapaipi okhala ndi mulifupi wa masentimita 10-15 amayikidwa papilo la miyala ndipo m'mene kuthirira mphesa kumachitika.

2. Pambuyo pake, amaphimba makhoma kapena kuwadzaza ndi udzu wosenda.

Mavalidwe apamwamba musanakhale maluwa

Kachiwiri tidyetsa mphesa mchaka chachitatu cha Meyi tisanayambe maluwa pansi pazu, pogwiritsa ntchito zomwezi monga zoyamba kudyetsa, koma ndi kipimo chochepa cha feteleza komanso malingana ndi tsamba. Izi zithandizanso kupukusa mungu, zithandizira kukulitsa gulu.

Mavalidwe apamwamba kwambiri kuti mabulosi apangidwe

Kachitatu tikaphatikiza feteleza pansi pa muzu, wopangidwa ndi superphosphate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu, zipatso zisanakhwime, zomwe zimawonjezera shuga ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yakucha. Sitikuwonjezera nayitrogeni kuvala pamwamba kotero kuti mpesa uli ndi nthawi yakucha ndi lignite bwino. Pazipatso zing'onozing'ono timachita kupopera foraar ndi feteleza wophatikizira wa mchere.

Superphosphate imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yakucha mphesa

Feteleza mukakolola

Mukatha kukolola, tchire liyenera kudyetsedwa ndi potaziyamu sulfate ndi superphosphate kuti zithetsenso kupezeka kwa michere ndikuwonjezera kulimba kwa dzinja. Kuphatikiza apo, kamodzi zaka zitatu kumapeto kwa nyundo, humus kapena kompositi potengera z dontho za mbalame, manyowa, zotsalira za chomera zimabweretsedwa kudzenje kukumba (pamlingo wa zidebe za 1-2 pa mita imodzi). Izi zimathandiza kukonza nthaka.

Kamodzi pazaka zitatu zilizonse, kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, zidebe za 1-2 za humus zimabweretsedwa kudzenje

Mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba

Kuphatikiza pa kuvala muzu, timapereka ma foliar awiri, umodzi 2-3 masiku asanafike maluwa, winayo malinga ndi mazira ochepa. Chovala chapamwamba chapamwamba chimapangidwa nyengo yofunda komanso yotentha dzuwa litalowa, kotero kuti yankho limakhala lonyowa nthawi yayitali. Mutha kusinthitsa mbewu masana ngati kuli mitambo.

Osati onse omwe amapanga vinyo amawona kuti mavalidwe apamwamba abwino ndi othandiza kwambiri, koma sathamangira kuwakana, pogwiritsa ntchito zosakanizika zina mu tank kusakanikirana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.

Kodi chimapereka zovala zapamwamba ndi chani? Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndikapopera mbewu, zakudya zimagwidwa ndi tsamba m'mphindi zochepa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mphesa zimalandira thanzi kangapo mwachangu. Njirayi ndi yabwino pothana ndi vuto ladzidzidzi ku chitsamba chofooka.

Gome: Kudyetsa chiwembu komanso kuchuluka kwa feteleza pa chitsamba chimodzi cha mphesa

Kanema: momwe ndi momwe manyowa manyowa moyenera

Kuphatikiza mphesa ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa chitsamba komanso chinsinsi cha zipatso. Tsatirani nthawi yokonza, manyowa molondola, ndipo mpesa ungathokoze kwambiri ndi zotuta zambiri.