Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za squash ndi kulima kwawo

Squash ndi a banja limodzi monga maungu ndi zukini, odziwika bwino kwa wamaluwa ambiri. Koma sangadzitame chifukwa cha kutchuka kofanana ndi "abale". Pazifukwa zina, chikhalidwechi chimawonedwa ngati chopanda pake komanso chisamaliro chovuta, ngakhale sichoncho. Aliyense amene amalima bwino zukini amalandila mbewu ya squash popanda mavuto. Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ilipo, mlimi aliyense akhoza kupeza yomwe imamukonda kwambiri, kuyang'ana kwambiri zipatso, zipatso, kukana chisanu, ndi zina zofunika.

Momwe squash imawonekera komanso yomwe ili yothandiza

Patisson ndi chitsamba chamtchire kapena chitsamba chilichonse cha banja la Pumpkin. "Achibale" ake oyandikira kwambiri, dzungu ndi zukini akhala akudziwika bwino kwa amaluwa. Ambiri opanga botolo amaganiza kuti South America ndi malo obadwira squash, ngakhale pali umboni kuti mbewuyi idalimidwa ku Egypt. Pakadali pano, squash wamtchire sanapezeka m'chilengedwe, chifukwa chake funso limakhala lotseguka.

Europe adakumana nawo munthawi yazinthu zopezeka zambiri zachilengedwe. Zomerazo zidabweretsedwa kudziko lakwawo ndi oyendetsa Spain aku Spain. Nyengo ya ku Mediterranean idayandikira kwambiri pachikhalidwe, ndipo idayamba kutchuka. Tsopano squash ndi gawo limodzi lofunika la zakudya za ku France. Ngakhale dzina wamba limachokera ku French pâté (pie), lomwe limafotokoza mawonekedwe achilendo achipatso. Ndipo squash nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "maungu owoneka ngati mbale."

Mtengo wachilendo kwambiri unabwera ku Russia m'zaka za zana la 17. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti chikhalidwe chinayamba kukondana nthawi yomweyo, komabe, patatha zaka mazana awiri, squash ikhoza kupezekanso ku Siberia. Amatha kuzolowera nyengo yovuta. Ngakhale kuthana ndi chisanu kumakhala kuti mitundu yambiri singalolere ngakhale kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa kuzichita pazabwino.

Mbewuyi ndi yaying'ono, makwapu afupiafupi. Masamba ndi akulu, osakhudza kukhudza, yokutidwa ndi "villi" osowa. Maluwa amangokhala payokha, achikasu a golide, akakhala ngati belu. Amakhala amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kuti zipatso ziyambe, chomera chimafunikira "thandizo" la tizilombo kapena wolima dimba.

Tchire la squash nthawi zambiri limakhala lofanana

Chipatso cha squash ndi dzungu. Kulemera kumasiyana kuchoka pa 250-300 g mpaka 800-1000 g, m'mimba - kuchokera pa masentimita 7 mpaka 25-30. Musazengereze kukolola. Chochulukacho chikakula, khungu lake limayamba kuzirala. The zamkati amakhala cottony, pafupifupi zoipa. Zofanizira zoterezi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa mbewu, ngati mitundu yobzalidwa siyowuma yophatikiza.

Maluwa a squash ndi ogonana-omwe, kupukutira sikungatheke popanda thandizo lakunja.

Nthawi zambiri, khungu limapakidwa utoto woyera, letesi kapena zobiriwira zakuda. Koma obereketsa amabzala wachikaso, lalanje, lofiirira, ndi squash wamabwinja. Mtundu wa chipatsocho umafanana ndi mbale kapena mbale. Guwa ndi lachifundo, lonunkhira pang'ono. Ngakhale chakudya china chimati kukoma kwa squash kumawakumbutsa za katsitsumzukwa kapena artichokes.

Kusankha mitundu ya squash kumasiyana makamaka pakhungu ndi mawonekedwe a mwana wosabadwayo

Squash imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika. Amatha kusintha zukini pachinsinsi chilichonse. Maonekedwe achilendo achipatsocho amapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kuthekera. Onse squash okhwima ndi ana amapita kukadya. Zotsirizira izi zimatha kudyedwa zosaphika. Ndiwo zipatso wazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwe wafika pamtunda wa masentimita 5-7, womwe umayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri ophika. Amapatsidwanso, kukazinga, kukazinga, mchere.

Squash yokutidwa ndi nyama, ndiwo zamasamba, mpunga, mawonekedwe a chipatso cha ichi ndichabwino kwambiri

Squash sikukoma kokha, komanso thanzi. Mimbulu imakhala ndi pectin, fiber, mapuloteni, mafuta acid osapangidwa, glucose ndi fructose. Imatengedwa mwachangu ndikuthandizira kugaya zakudya zolemera. Pazinthu zofufuza, kupezeka kwa potaziyamu, phosphorous, magnesium, calcium, mkuwa, chitsulo, nthaka, cobalt, ndi sodium. Zambiri zamagulu a mavitamini B, C, E, PP squash amapitilira maungu ndi sikwashi. Zosiyanasiyana ndi peels zachikasu ndizopezeka ndi carotenoids ndi lutein. Ma antioxidant achilengedwe amathandizira kukonza magazi (makamaka ndi kuchepa kwa hemoglobin), cholesterol yotsika, ndipo amathandizira pakuwona.

Zakudya zama squash zakhala zikudziwika kale komanso zatsimikizirika. Zake zazikulu zimatha kusinthidwa mosavuta ndi squash. Alinso otsika kwambiri zopatsa mphamvu. Nutritionists amalimbikitsa kudya zipatso kupewa matenda a mtima dongosolo, matenda a matumbo, ndi impso ndi chiwindi. Squash ndi hypoallergenic, puree kuchokera kwa iwo ndioyenera ngakhale kwa ana aang'ono. Chotsutsana chokha ndi kusalolera payekha.

Mbewu za squash za lecithin zitha kufananizidwa ndi mazira. Ndibwino kuti mumapezeka zakudya zamasamba ambiri. Ufa wa iwo umathandizira kusintha zochitika za endocrine ndi mitsempha yamanjenje. Madzi amachotsa bwino mchere komanso zinthu zochuluka mthupi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake pafupipafupi kumathandiza kupewa matenda a impso. Wokongoletsa mtima komanso modekha amadzola matope.

Mnofu wa squash ndi wabwino kwambiri wathanzi, ndipo mbewu zake zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe

Kusiyanitsa squash kuchokera ku zukini ndikosavuta. Ingoyang'anani zipatsozo. Ngati tizingolankhula za kusiyana kowoneka pang'ono, zitsamba za squash ndizophatikiza, masamba ndi ang'ono. Kuguza kwa zipatso kumakhala kofinyira, kumakhala ndi kutanthauzira kwawo, kolemera. Koma zukini amapambana kwambiri squash mu zokolola komanso mosamalitsa.

Kanema: squash ndi mapindu awo athanzi

Mitundu yotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa

Patisson ndi chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino ndi obereketsa. Iwo adabzala mitundu ingapo ndi hybrids, yosiyana makamaka pakhungu ndi mawonekedwe a mwana wosabadwayo.

Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sikwashi imakula.

• White 13. Mitundu yakucha-yosiyanasiyana, yowuma pakati pa 60s m'zaka zapitazi. Imadziwikabe kuti ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri pokula popanda pogona. Amakhala osavomerezeka pakuchoka (ngakhale motsutsana ndi maziko a "abale") ndi chisanu chokana. Kupanga - 3-5 makilogalamu pachitsamba chilichonse. Sikwashi yokhwima kwathunthu imalemera 400-500 g, zipatso zazing'ono - 90-100 g. Mw mawonekedwe, amafanana ndi mbale, "cloves" m'mphepete akuwonetsedwa mofooka. Khungu ndi loyera kapena loyera saladi, lotuwa. Zipatso zimakhwima patatha masiku 65-70 zitamera.
• Umbrella Kalasi yoyamba. Kukolola kucha mu masiku 45-50. Mutha kuwerengera 4-5 kg ​​/ m². Mtengowo ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, chitsamba chosanja. Chipatso chimawoneka ngati belu, pansi pamakhala mapiri. Khungu limakhala loyera. Chifukwa chake nchochepera, zipatsozo sizimasiyana pakupepuka kwawo komanso kusungika. Unyinji wamba wa squash ndi 300-400 g, m'mimba mwake ndi 10-12 cm.
• Yendetsani. Zipatso zimakololedwa patatha masiku 40-50 zitamera. Chowoneka ngati squash, chokhala ndi magawo ake, "ma denticles" m'mphepete sangaoneke. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi 350-400 g. Khungu limakhala loyera. Kugwiritsa ntchito zamkati ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, osati yowutsa mudyo. Zipatso zimasungidwa bwino, zimakhala mpaka pakati pa dzinja. Chobweretsera china chachikulu ndi chizolowezi chofuna kukhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew.
• Cheburashka. Mmodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri, kuchokera pakuphukira kwa mbande mpaka zipatso kufikira pakukhwima, kumatenga masiku 39. Zomera zimakhala zamphamvu, zimapanga maukosi asanu ndi atatu. Unyinji wa mwana wosabadwayo ndi 200-400 g, m'mimba mwake ndi 9-10 cm, khungu limakhala loyera, loonda. Thupi ndi loyera chipale chofewa, wachifundo pakapangidwe, wowutsa mudyo. Timayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chisanu, kukoma, kucha kucha zipatso.
• Fuete. Pakati-koyambirira, zipatso zimacha masiku 50-55. Zipatsozi zimakhala ngati mbali imodzi, zofanana, mawonekedwe a mbale ndi m'mphepete mwa "wavy". Kulemera - 280-300 g. Khungu limakhala lalanje-lalanje, loonda, koma lamphamvu. Kuguza kwake ndi koyera ngati chipale chofewa. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe abwino osunga.
• Dzuwa. Nyengo yokulira ndi masiku 58-70, zimatengera nyengo. Tchire ndi lopendekeka kwambiri, pang'ono nthambi. Chipatsochi chimapangidwa ndi mbale, chokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa "scalloped". Kulemera - 250-300 g. Pamene imacha, khungu limasinthira kuchokera ku chikaso chakuwala kukhala lalanje owala. Guwa ndi wonenepa, wowonda kwambiri, wokoma kwambiri. Zomera zambiri sizivutika ndi zowona komanso zowonda.
• UFO lalanje. Kalasi yoyamba. Zomera zake ndi zomasuka. Unyinji wa mwana wosabadwayo umasiyana kuchokera pa 280-300 g mpaka 500. Khungu limakhala lotumbululuka chikasu, limanyezimira. Kukoma ndikwabwino. Zokolola zapakatikati ndi 3-5,5 kg / m². Pali mitundu ya UFO, yoyera, yomwe siyimasiyana chilichonse pachinthu chilichonse, kupatula pakhungu.
• Chunga Changa. Mitundu yoyambilira yodziwika ndi kukana chisanu. Zomera ndizabwino. Zipatso zimakhwima masiku 42-45. Khungu limakhala lobiriwira lakuda bii mumtundu, mnofu wa beige wowoneka bwino, wobiriwira. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi 400-450 g. Squash wooneka ngati Disc, wokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa "scalloped". Zosiyanasiyana ndizodziwikiratu kuti chitetezo chikhale bwino.
• Gosh. Zipatso zimakhwima masiku 45-50. Tchire ndi yaying'ono, masamba ndi ochepa. Zipatso ndi malachite akuda, pafupifupi zakuda. Gawaniridwe momveka bwino m'magulu. Kuguza ndi koyera-ngati chipale, kokhazikika, osati kowutsa mudyo. Unyinji wamba wa squash ndi 150-250 g. Zokolola ndi 1.3-4.2 kg / m². Zimatengera ukadaulo waulimi, osiyanasiyana amafunikira chisamaliro.
• Bingo Bongo Mtundu woyambirira wokhala ndi zipatso zachilendo zamtambo-zofiirira. Amapangidwa ndi ma disc mawonekedwe, pafupifupi opanda "denticles". Tchire limadziwika chifukwa cha kukula kwake, koma nthawi yomweyo. Zokolola zimatha masiku 40.
• Polo Sikwashi woyambirira. Unyinji wazipatsozo ndi 300-400 g.Mbewuyi ndi yaying'ono. Chipatsochi chili ngati phale, mtundu wa khungu limasiyana ndi wobiriwira wamkaka kupita ku saladi. Kuguwa ndi koyera ngati chipale, osati kofiyira kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimayamikiridwa chifukwa zimapereka zipatso zambiri pafupipafupi (8.8 kg / m and) komanso kupewa kukhuthala.
• Dzuwa Bunny. Mitundu yoyambirira, kucha kumatenga masiku 42-46. Zipatso mu mawonekedwe a diski, khungu limakhala lachikasu, mnofu ndi lalanje. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa squash ndi 150-250 g. Zosiyanasiyana zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kupezeka kwake ndi kukoma kwa chipatso, zipatso zabwino (4.5 kg / m²), komanso kukana kwa powdery mildew.
• Watermelon F1. Mid-msimu wosakanizidwa, wodziwika bwino ndi mitundu yoyambirira ya zipatso. Pakhungu, kuwala kolimba ndi masamba obiriwira amtali obiriwira amasiyana. Pamene zipsa, squash mu mawonekedwe a disc pang'ono "kuzungulira", kukhala kwambiri ngati mavwende. Kulemera kwambiri kwa chipatso ndi 300-450 g.Mbewuyo ndi yamphamvu, ndipo imatulutsa nthambi zambiri.
• Chartreuse F1. Wophatikiza woyamba kupsa, wodziwika ndi kukoma kwa chipatso. Khungu limakhala lobiriwira, nthawi zina limakhala ndimiyala yoyera kapena masamba a saladi ndi mawanga, mnofu wa saladi. Pakucha, pang'onopang'ono zimayeretsedwa. Pazitseko za mwana wosabadwa sizoposa 3 cm, kulemera - 50-70 g.
• Nkhumba. Poyamba squash, wakucha pafupifupi masiku 50. Khungu limakhala lobiriwira, losalala. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi 225 g .. Kukoma sikoyipa, koma zokolola ndi 1.5 kg / m². Komabe, zosiyanasiyana zimalekerera chilala bwino.
• Kukondwerera Dzuwa. Mitundu yoyambirira ya squash yochokera ku Netherlands. Zipatso za mawonekedwe wamba pachikhalidwe, khungu limakhala lachikaso, losalala, thupi limayera. Kulemera kwapakati - 80-100 g. Amayamikiridwa kukoma kwabwino kwambiri, zokolola zambiri (mpaka 16.5 kg / m²) komanso kusamalira bwino. Kubala kumakhala pafupifupi mpaka chisanu choyamba, mbewu zimalekerera chilala bwino.
• Mwana wakhanda. Zomera ndizabwino, masamba ndi ochepa. Danga la mwana wosabadwayo ndi masentimita 3-5. Zomera zimacha masiku 50. Mutha kuwerengera mpaka 3-5 kg ​​kuchokera pachisamba. Khungu la zipatso zopangidwa ndi disc ndi lofiirira, thupi limakhala loyera.

Zithunzi zojambulidwa: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya squash yomwe ili yotchuka pakati pa olima ku Russia

Kukula mbande za squash

Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa, kuti mbewu zamkaka zisachedwe, kukula chikhalidwechi ndi mbande. Njirayi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kumadera otentha komwe nyengo yachilimwe imakhala yosadalirika malinga ndi nyengo.

Musanabzale, kukonzekera njere zokhazikika kumakhala kofunikira. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa omwe adzabzalidwe m'mundamo nthawi yomweyo. Chithandizo chimalimbikitsa maonekedwe a maluwa achikazi ambiri. Choyamba, njere patsiku zimakulungidwa ndi minofu yothira ndi michere ina iliyonse yachilengedwe, kuti isayime. Kenako amatsukidwa ndikusungidwa masiku awiri m'malo otentha, wokutidwa ndi gauze wothira madzi wamba. Kuwotchera mbewu kumatenga nthawi yochepa - kumizidwa m'madzi otentha (50-60ºº) kwa maola 5-6 kapena kusungidwa mu uvuni, kutenthetsedwa ndi kutentha komweko. Njira ina ndikuti ndi chithandizo chododometsa. Kwa sabata limodzi, mbewu zomwe zinaikidwa mumchenga wonyowa zimayikidwa m'firiji usiku, ndipo masana zimayikidwa pazenera zowunikira ndi dzuwa.

Mbewu za squash zimafunikira chithandizo chowonjezera

Squash imakhala yotenga matenda a fungal, nthawi yomweyo, isanabzalidwe, njere zimakhazikika kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20 mu njira yonyezimira yapinki ya potaziyamuatinamu kapena fungo lililonse lazachilengedwe (Bayleton, Alirin-B, Ridomil-Gold). Kenako amatsukidwa m'madzi ozizira ndikuwuma kuti awonongeke.

Mbewu za mbande zimabzalidwa theka lachiwiri la Epulo. Bwino posachedwa mumiphika zing'onozing'ono za peat, kutola ndikusinthitsa chikhalidwe sikugwirizana bwino.

1. Ma tank amakhala odzaza ndi humus ndi dothi lapadziko lonse lapansi kwa mbande (1: 1). Mbewu pafupi kwambiri akuya masentimita 3-4. Gawo laling'ono limathiriridwa pang'ono, miphika imakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi.
2. Mpaka mbande ziziwoneka (zimatenga masiku 7-10) zimasungidwa mumdima pa kutentha pafupifupi 30 ° C. Mbewuzo zikangomera, malo ogulitsira amachotsedwa, amatsitsidwa kuti akhale mpaka 22 ° C masana ndi 18-20 ° C usiku. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa mbande kumavulaza kwambiri.
3. Mbande zapakati pa masiku 10 mpaka 10 zimadyetsedwa ndikuthira njira yophweka ya superphosphate (3-5 g pa lita imodzi yamadzi). Mbande zimamwe madzi pang'ono, masiku atatu aliwonse. Kupanda kutero, squash ikhoza kuvunda.
4. Sabata imodzi isanabzalidwe, mbande zimathiridwa ndi yankho la urea kapena feteleza wina wokhala ndi nayitrogeni kuti achulukitse chitetezo chake. Kenako amayamba kuumitsa, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi yomwe amakhala panja kuchokera maola awiri mpaka atatu mpaka 8-10. Windo m'chipinda momwe mbande sizitsekedwa usiku.

Kukula mbande za squash kumakupatsani mwayi woti mupeze mbewu kale

Mbande zakonzeka kubzala m'nthawi ya masiku 25-30, kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni. Ayenera kukhala ndi masamba osachepera 2-3 owona. Mbande zimabzalidwa m'maenje pafupifupi 15 cm, mtunda pakati pawo ndi 70-80 cm. Nthawi yoyenera njirayi imayamba m'mawa kapena madzulo dzuwa litalowa.

Zitsime zimathiridwa bwino ndi madzi. Pansi anaika pang'ono humus, supuni ya phulusa la nkhuni ndi kanyuni kakang'ono ka anyezi.Mbande zimabzalidwa limodzi ndi poto kapena nyemba za dziko, zoyikidwa m'm masamba oyamba a cotyledon. Nthaka imapangidwa bwino, mbande zimathiridwanso, zimatha pafupifupi lita imodzi yamadzi pachomera chilichonse. Mpaka pomwe squash yasunthidwa, ndikofunika kuti mutetezere ku dzuwa mwachindunji ndikupanga denga lophimba lazinthu zilizonse zoyera.

Squash obzalidwa pansi, kukulira masamba a cotyledon oyamba

Kubzala mbewu panthaka

Mbewu za squash zingabzalidwe nthawi yomweyo panthaka. Koma njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kum'mwera komwe kumakhala kotentha. Ku Russia monse, mbewu singakhale ndi nthawi yakucha ngati nyengo yotentha imakhala yozizira, yamvula komanso yamvula.

Mundawo ndi dimba, amasankha malo owonekera bwino ndi dzuwa. Madzi apansi sayenera kubwera pafupi ndi pansi kuposa 1.5-2 m. Gawo lapansi ndilofunika chonde, koma lopepuka, lotayirira. Njira yabwino ndiyopondera. Squash sidzakula mu acidified kapena saline gawo lapansi, komanso dothi lofanana ndi chithaphwi.

Bedi la squash liyenera kuyatsidwa bwino ndi dzuwa

"Okhazikika" m'mundamo ali wokondwa ndi chikhalidwe chilichonse, kupatula mbewu kuchokera ku banja la Pumpkin. Ndikwabwino kuyiyika kutali kuti mubzale maungu ndi zukini. Izi mbewu mosavuta mungu. Ndikosatheka kuneneratu zomwe zidzatsekere chitsamba.

Malowa akukonzedwa kuyambira kugwa. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito m'munda womwe umapangidwa kuti ubzale mbande za squash. Nthaka anakumbidwa, munthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito humus (5 l / m²), phosphate (15-20 g / m²) ndi feteleza (8-10 g / m²) feteleza. Ngati dothi ndi acidic, ufa wa dolomite, mazira achiwisi kapena chokoleti chotsekeracho ndiwonjezerapo.

Humus - njira yachilengedwe yowonjezera chonde m'nthaka

Chapakatikati masabata angapo asanabzalidwe, dothi limasulidwa bwino, bedi la m'mundayo limakhetsedwa ndi yankho la feteleza wovuta aliyense wazomera zamasamba. Dothi lakuya masentimita 10-15 panthawi yakubzala liyenera kutenthetsa mpaka 15ºº. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, nthangala za squash zingabzalidwe kale kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena m'masiku khumi oyambirira a Meyi. M'maderalo komanso m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, nthawi imeneyi imasinthidwa kukhala gawo lachiwiri, ndipo ku Urals ndi Siberia kudikira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June. Mbewu zobzalidwa m'nthaka yosakonzekera nthawi zambiri zimavunda.

Mbewu za zidutswa za 1-2 zimabzalidwa zitsime ndikutalika kwa 70-80 masentimita, kukula ndi masentimita 5-8. Amakonkhedwa ndi humus pamwamba, kuthiriridwa madzi ochepa. Dothi limapangidwa mosamala, bedi limalimbitsidwa ndi pulasitiki wokutira musanatuluke. Mbande zomwe zili mgawo lachiwiri ndi loti zimadulidwa, kusiya imodzi yomwe ndi chomera champhamvu kwambiri komanso yolimba. Zina zimadulidwa ndi lumo.

Mukabzala mbewu zosafunikira pamalo otseguka, mukuyenera kukhalanso ndi nthawi yobzala

Malangizo Akusamalira Mbewu

Kusamalira squash sikwabwinonso kuposa squash. Koma kuwonjezera pa kuthirira ndi kudyetsa, amafunikira "thandizo" la wam'munda kuti atulutsidwe. Tizilombo timakhalanso ndi mungu, koma simuyenera kuwadalira kwambiri, makamaka ngati nyengo ndi yabwino komanso yonyowa. Pofuna kukopa njuchi ndi maumboni ku chiwembucho, masamba ake amathiridwa ndi uchi kapena madzi a shuga osungunulidwa ndi madzi (20-30 ml pa lita).

Wamaluwa amachita pollination wa sikwashi pamanja

Maluwa achikazi amasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi maluwa amphongo ndi kukhalapo kwa ovary yazipatso pamunsi pa bud. Pukutulutsa kwa maluwa amphongo, muyenera kudula matumba ndikugwira ma pestle kangapo pa stamens. Ngakhale mungu umasunthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito burashi wofewa kapena thonje. Kupukuta kumachitika pokhapokha nyengo yowuma.

Mtundu wa squash wachikazi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa ovary ya zipatso

Bedi la m'munda liyenera kumchotsedwa ndi kumasulidwa nthawi zonse, koma mosamala kwambiri. Mizu yazomera ndi yapamwamba. Ndikofunika kuti mulch nthaka. Izi zikuthandizirani kuti nthaka isakhale chinyezi, teteza namsongole kuti isadutse ndi kuteteza mizu kuti isazime.

Ngati maluwa otayika amakhala nthawi yayitali, akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kudula masamba 1-2 achikale kwambiri kuthengo. Pambuyo masiku 4-5, njirayi ikufunika kubwerezedwa. Amutaye m'mawa.

Monga maungu onse, squash amakonda chinyezi. Maluwa asanafike maluwa, amathiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda kutentha kwa masiku onse asanu ndi limodzi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito malita 10 a madzi pa mita imodzi. Pambuyo popanga thumba losunga mazira, nthawi yayitali pakati pa kuthirira imachepetsedwa mpaka masiku 3-4, zomwe zimapangidwira zimakulitsidwa mpaka malita 10-12. Madzi amathiridwa pansi pamizu kapena mizere pakati pa tchire. Ndiosafunika kuti madontho agwe pamasamba, maluwa, ndi zipatso.

Squash, monga Dzungu lonse, amafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kokwanira

Pansi pa zipatso zopangidwira pansi, zimayala chidutswa cha plywood, galasi, zotenga padenga ndi zina zoteteza kuti zisakhudzidwe ndi dothi lonyowa. Kupanda kutero, kukula kwa zowola kuli pafupifupi kosatheka. Pa cholinga chomwechi, masamba akale owongoka ndi zotsalira zamaluwa zamaluwa amachotsedwa pamimba yopanda zipatso.

Nthawi yamasamba mu squash ndi yochepa kwambiri, motero zovala ziwiri zapamwamba ndizokwanira pamtengowo. Asanakhale maluwa, 40-50 g wa feteleza wa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous amagawidwa mu fomu youma mu fomu youma ndi theka nayitrogeni. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kovuta - Azofoska, Ammofoska ndi zina zotero.

Kucha zipatso kumafunikira phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Nitrogen imathandizira tchire kuti limange kwambiri zipatso zobiriwira; zilibe mphamvu zotsalira pazokha. Patatha masiku 5-7 atapangidwa mazira azipatso, squash imathiridwa madzi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa manyowa atsopano, zitosi za mbalame, masamba a nettle kapena dandelion. Imakonzedwa mkati mwa masiku 3-4. Musanagwiritse ntchito, chinthucho chimasefedwa ndikujambulidwa ndi madzi 1: 10 kapena 1:15, ngati ndi ndowe. Feteleza aliyense wochokera pa vermicompost, kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni ndikoyeneranso. Chomera chilichonse chimadya pafupifupi malita 0,5.

Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle - gwero lachilengedwe la phosphorous ndi potaziyamu

Kanema: Malangizo Akusamalira squash

Squash mu wowonjezera kutentha

Tchire la squash ndilabwino, motero mbewu ndi mbande zingabzalidwe munyengo yobzala. Zochita zikuwonetsa kuti pamenepa, mbewuzo zimacha masabata 1.5-2 m'mbuyomu kuposa masiku onse.

Mukugwa, nthaka iyenera kukumbidwa; humus imawonjezeredwa kuti ichulukitse chonde. Chifukwa cha kupha tizilombo, timadzaza ndi pinki yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena 5% ya sulfate yamkuwa, malo obiriwirawo amawotchera, akuwotcha chidutswa cha sulufule.

Squash mu wowonjezera kutentha amawongolera yekha ndi dzanja. Amakonda kuthandizidwa. Mpweya wonyowa ndiwofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa fungal matenda ambiri, tizirombo tambiri timakonda. Pakutentha kwambiri, galasi limasalidwa mkati ndi laimu ya hydrate yothilitsidwa ndi madzi, ndipo timipata timathiriridwa ndi madzi ozizira. Izi zimathandizira kuchepetsa kutentha.

Squash ikhoza kukhala wamkulu mu wowonjezera kutentha, kuphatikizana kwa mbewuyo kumaloleza

Mbewu ndi mbande za squash mu wowonjezera kutentha obzalidwa khumi zoyambirira za Meyi. Onetsetsani kuti mwatsata njira yofikira. Matenda ndi tizirombo tokhala m'nyumba zikufalikira mwachangu kuposa panja, ndipo ndikakumba kokhazikika, kumangoyala kwambiri.

Monga lamulo, tchire la squash lobiriwira limakula kwambiri, ndiye chifukwa chake muyenera kuchotsa masamba ochulukirapo omwe amabisa zipatso za mazira munthawi yake. Ikani zigawo zowazidwa ndi choko chophwanyika kapena phulusa la nkhuni.

Squash kunyumba

Patisson ndimtchire ndipo, chowonjezerapo. Itha kubzalidwe kwathunthu mumphika kapena mumphika wamkulu ndikukula pakhomo.

Momwe mizu yake imagwirira ntchito mopitilira muyeso, kotero mphamvu siziyenera kuzama kwambiri. Diamita - pafupifupi 60-70 masentimita. Mabowo olowa ndizofunikira. Dongo lakukulitsidwa, miyala yamiyala, tchipisi ta njerwa yokhala ndi masentimita 3-5 imathiridwa pansi.

Ponena za dothi, gawo lililonse la mbande ndiloyenera ngati lingaphatikizidwe ndi humus kapena nthaka yachonde yopanda malire chimodzimodzi. Popewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, pa lita iliyonse ya osakaniza omaliza, onjezani supuni ya choko chophwanyika kapena kaboni yofiyira.

Chombocho chimayikidwa pafupi ndi zenera loyang'ana kumwera chakum'mawa kapena kumwera chakumadzulo. Popewa kuwotcha masamba, squash iyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. M'chilimwe, mphika umachotsedwa pa loggia, khonde, pakhonde.

Wovomerezeka "nyumba" yoyaka ikakhala pamwamba pazidina, tsiku lililonse 3-4. Dyetsani masiku 15-20 aliwonse ndi feteleza aliyense malinga ndi vermicompost. Chikhalidwechi chimakonda zachilengedwe.

Matenda, tizirombo ndi kayendetsedwe kake

Monga maungu onse, squash nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda. Matendawa amatenga kachilombo ka fungus. Chifukwa chake, njere zisanabzalidwe ziyenera kukhazikika mu njira yothetsera bowa.

Matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri pachikhalidwe:

• Anthracnose. Pamaso pake pamakhala masamba akulu, otuwa opyapyala m'miyendo. Zipatso zimakutidwa ndi "zilonda" zakuda. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timavunda.
• Ascochitosis. Zimayambira ndi masamba ake okutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni, malire omwe pang'onopang'ono amade, ndipo mawonekedwe akuwala. Tiziwalo tomwe timakhudzidwa timawuma ndikufa.
• Zola zowola. Pamasamba ndi zimayambira, mawonekedwe a "akulira" amdima akuda, omwe amalimbitsidwa ndi utoto wa "loyera" loyera. Pang'onopang'ono, imayamba kufooka, pamtambo wachikasu kapena wamadzimadzi anyani amayamba kutha.
• Chikombole chakuda. Masamba ofiira otuwa amawonekera pamasamba pakati pa mitsemayo, pang'onopang'ono ikukoka pa chosanjikiza chakuda. Kenako nthendayo imafalikira ku zipatso. Minofu yomwe ikukhudzidwa imafa, mabowo mawonekedwe.
• Powdery Mildew Kufundira koyera komwe kumakhala kowoneka bwino kumakhala kutsogolo, kufanana ndi ufa wobalalika. Zilonda zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimatembenuka chikasu ndikuuma.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Zizindikiro za matenda wamba a squash

Ma bacteria ambiri samalekerera mankhwala amkuwa. Chifukwa chake, fungicides imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana nawo. Zinthu zakale zonse zoyesedwa ndi anthu am'badwo wamaluwa (Bordeaux madzi ndi vitriol) ndi mankhwala amakono (Topaz, Horus, Skor, KhOM, Kuprozan ndi zina) azichita.

Popewa, dothi pamabedi limapukutidwa ndi tchipisi ta fodya kapena sulufule wachake. Zomera zokha zimakonkhedwa ndi choko chophwanyika kapena phulusa. Madzi othirira nthawi ndi nthawi amasinthidwa ndi yankho la pinki potaziyamu permanganate.

Ngati zizindikiro zikuwoneka pa nthawi yake, mutha kuyesa kuthana ndi matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito wowerengeka azitsamba. Squash imalawa ndi yankho la phulusa la koloko, sopo yochapira, yosungunulidwa ndi madzi 1:10 kefir kapena mkaka Whey ndi kuwonjezera kwa ayodini (dontho pa lita). Ubwino wowerengeka azitsamba ndikuti ungagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi iliyonse, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides, ngati sakonzekera kwachilengedwe, sikuloledwa pa maluwa ndi masiku 15 mpaka 20 nthawi yokolola isanachitike.

Mibulu isadutse squash. Choopsa chachikulu ku mbewuyi ndi:

• Nsabwe za m'masamba. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tachikasu yobiriwira timakhala pachomera chonsecho, kumamatirira masamba, masamba ndi zipatso zosunga zipatso. Popewa, sikwashi umathiridwa mafuta ndi timadzi tina tosakanikira. Monga zopangira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nsonga za mbatata kapena phwetekere, chitsamba chowawa, ndimu ya mandimu, masamba owuma a fodya, mivi ya anyezi kapena adyo. Marigolds, marigold, lavender amabzalidwa poyang'ana bedi ndi kanjira. Ma infusions omwewo amathandizira kuthana ndi tizilombo, ngati nsabwe za m'masamba akadali pang'ono. Koma sikwashi zidzafunikira kuwazidwa osakhala masiku onse a 7-10, koma katatu patsiku. Ngati palibe chochita, mankhwala opha tizilombo wamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Iskra-Bio, Confidor-Maxi, Inta-Vir.
• Spider mite. Ndizosatheka kuwona tizilombo tokha ndi maliseche, koma mawonedwe opyapyala, masamba olimba, masamba ndi zipatso m'mimba mwake. Pofuna kupewa, tchire limakonkhedwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi ndi gruel wa adyo. Kuti muthane ndi tizilombo, ma acaricides amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Neoron, Vertimek, Sunmayt, Apollo.
• Slug. Tizilombo timadya masamba ndi zipatso, kudya mabowo. Chovala chasiliva chomata chilipo. Ngati pali ma slgs ochepa, mutha kuwatenga pamanja kapena kuwakoka pogwiritsa ntchito misampha (muli momwe anakumbiramo nthaka yodzadza ndi mowa, kupanikizana ndi madzi, madzi a shuga, magawo kabichi kapena mphesa). Pansi pa tsindeyo ndizunguliridwa ndi "chotchinga" cha singano zopindika, mchenga, mazira ophwanyika. Pankhani yakuwukira kwakukulu kwa slugs, Meta, Bingu, Sludge amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Whitefly Nthawi zambiri sikwashi wamkulu mu wowonjezera kutentha ali ndi izo. Agulugufe oyera oyera ngati agalu amakakamira kunsi kwa tsambalo, akungoyang'ana pang'ono pang'ono. Popewa, tchire limapakidwa mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala onunkhira okwanira azitsamba. Akuluakulu amawonongeka ndi misampha momwe imakodwa ndi mafuta odzola, guluu wowuma kwambiri, zidutswa za uchi wa makatoni kapena plywood. Pakachitika nkhondo yambiri, Mospilan, Aktara, Admiral, Fufanon amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Zomwe Tizilombo T squash Zimawoneka

Kututa ndi kusunga

Squash amatengedwa masiku onse atatu atatha kukhwima mwaluso. Zipatso zomwe zimangokhala pachilumba kwa nthawi yayitali zimakhwiyidwanso ndipo zimalepheretsa mazira atsopano kupanga. Peel iyenera kukhala yopyapyala mokwanira, koma yolimba, njere ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono osati zovuta. Koma zipatso zazing'ono kwambiri zokhala ndi mainchesi a 3-4 cm zimasankhidwanso .. Zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, zimatha kuwazidwa ndi kupaka mchere wonse.

Zokolola squash zomwe zimakololedwa pafupipafupi, izi zimathandizira kuti pakhale zipatso zatsopano

Zipatso zakupsa zimadulidwa mosamala ndi phesi ndi lumo lakuthwa kapena mpeni. Kutentha kwa firiji sikugona masiku osaposa 5-7, mufiriji - masiku 12-15. Kuti zisungidwe kwanthaŵi yayitali, zipatso zosakwanira zokha zokha zomwe ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 6-7 masentimita ndipo zosaposa masentimita 15. Zimayikidwa m'malo amdima ndi mpweya wabwino, zimapereka kutentha kwa 2-4 ° C ndi chinyezi pafupifupi 80%. Squash imayikidwa m'mabokosi kapena m'mabokosi, kuthira mchenga, zomangira, utuchi. Zikatero, sizitha kutaya mtima komanso kuwonekera kwawo kwa miyezi itatu.

Pakusunga kwakanthawi kochepa, squash zokha ndizoyenera popanda kuwonongeka kwamakina ndi zizindikiro zowonongeka ndi matenda ndi tizilombo.

Pali njira zinanso zosungira:

• Kuzizira Squash yaying'ono ndi yozizira kwathunthu, kuduladula zidutswa kapena kupendekera grarse coarse. Zimatsukidwa, zouma, zimayikidwa pamatayala atayikidwa papepala ndipo kwa mphindi 2-3 zotumizidwa mufiriji, ndikugwirira ntchito yozizira. Kenako zimayikidwa mu phukusi lapadera ndi cholimba. Moyo wa alumali ndi miyezi 8-10.
• Kuyanika Squash "kufota" padzuwa kwa masiku 3-5, kuchapa, kudula kukhala mapulasitiki owonda. Amayikidwa pamatcheni ophika kapena ophika mkate kuti asakhudzane ndipo amawuma mwachilengedwe, mu uvuni kapena poyatsira magetsi wapadera. Magawo okonzeka amasungidwa m'malo owuma bwino m'matumba a pepala kapena m'matumba a nsalu kwa miyezi 6-8.
• Kumalilo. Squash mar marated ndi mchere, payokha kapena ngati gawo la masamba osakanizidwa. Zachidziwikire kuti mayi aliyense wapanyumba amapeza maphikidwe omwe amakonda kukonzera zopangira tokha.

Kukula sikwashi pa chiwembu kulinso kovuta kuposa maungu kapena zukini. Chikhalidwe sichosangalatsa, palibe zauzimu zomwe zimafunikira kwa wolima dimba. Zipatso sizokoma zokha, komanso zathanzi. Maonekedwe a squash ndi osiyanasiyana, pali mitundu yambiri ndi ma hybrids omwe amaberekedwa ndi obereketsa. Zachidziwikire kuti pakati pawo, mlimi aliyense apeza yemwe angamukonde.