Ngati mukufuna kusiyanitsa kapangidwe ka malo okhala ndi njira yodyeramo kapena njira yoyambirira, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa m'suphamakethe sizikugwirizana ndi chifukwa chilichonse, pezani mwayi ndikupanga nokha matayala, kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zikukonzedwa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugula mapangidwe apadera apulasitiki ndikuphunzira momwe mungakonzekerere yankho la njira zaminda. Onjezani malingaliro pang'ono, maluso omanga, chipiriro - ndipo njira yanu sikungokhala yolimba, komanso yokongola modabwitsa.
Momwe mungapangire zotsika mtengo komanso zokongola?
Tsopano ndikosavuta kupeza chilichonse chopanga payekha. M'masitolo mutha kugula mapensulo oyenera a pulasitiki opangira matailosi. Mumakonza matope a simenti, ndikuthira mu nkhungu - ndipo patatha masiku angapo mumapeza tala ya mtundu womwe umatsutsana ndi analogue ya fakitale yanjira.
Njira zowoneka bwino, zokongola, zowoneka bwino bwino m'mundamu, pakati pa mitengo yamaluwa ndi maluwa, ndi pa udzu wobiriwira, wokonzedwa bwino, komanso pakati pamabedi amunda
Misewu yopangidwa ndi matenti olimba a konkire amatha kukhala kwazaka makumi ambiri - molingana ndi mphamvu sizitsika poyerekeza ndi maziko a nyumbayo kapena kudutsa kwa mlatho wawung'ono. Ndiwosavuta komanso othandiza - ndipo timayamika matope simenti okonzedwa bwino.
Fomu yolimba yotsika mtengo imakhala pafupifupi ma ruble 1200, ndipo mtundu wopepuka - cholembera chokhala ndi maselo amitundu yosiyanasiyana - ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri. Kutengera ndi zinthuzo, mtengo wake umachokera ku ruble 50 mpaka 250
Amisiri ambiri aluso amakonda zokonda zawo pogula, chifukwa chake amadzipangira okha mafoni kapena chitsulo.
Kuchokera pamizere yofupika yomwe mukufuna, mutha kupanga rectangle, square, lattice kapena hexagon yaying'ono, yomwe imakhala ngati nkhungu pakutsanulira matope a simenti
Kodi kupanga matope simenti?
Kuthekera kodziyimira pawokha penti kunyumba kumakhala kothandiza kwa aliyense amene akufuna kupanga ntchito yomanga kapena kukonza. Unyinji wokunamatira womwe umalimbana ndi nthawi ndikofunikira pakuyika njerwa, kupanga miyala yokongoletsera miyala, komanso ngakhale kutseka dzenje khoma.
Pomanga njira zaminda, muyenera yankho lomwe mungakonzekere. Komabe, momwe zimagwirira ntchito zimadalira kapangidwe kazinthuzo ndi kuchuluka kwake, chifukwa chake tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingadzazire mafosholo amisewu ya m'munda kuti atumikire kwa zaka zambiri.
Zofunika kukonzekera?
Ndizotheka kuti wina wokhala ndi dzikolo azisakaniza konkriti yam'manja (pankhani iyi, njira yokonzera unyinji idzachitika bwino komanso mwachangu), koma sizingatheke kuti gulu lothandiza ili likhoza kupezeka mumafakitale olima masamba ambiri, ndiye kuti tisonkhanitsa zida zankhondo kuzomwe zimapezeka nthawi zonse pafupi.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha chidebe choyenera, chomwe chingakhale choyenera kukula kwake komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nacho. Moyenera, kuchuluka kwa thankiyo kuyenera kufanana ndi gawo la yankho lomwe mukufuna kuphika limodzi. Kuchepa kocheperako kumakukakamizani kubwereza njirayi - ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito nthawi 2. Mu mbale yayikulu ndikosatheka kusakaniza magawo ndikupanga misa yambiri. Chofunikanso kwambiri ndi machitidwe a tank ngati kukhazikika ndi kulimba kwa khoma.
Pazinthu zochepa za simenti (ngati mupanga ma tiles pang'onopang'ono, mwachitsanzo, kumapeto kwa sabata), chidebe chaching'ono chopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yolimba yokhala ndi mbali zotsika
Ngati muli ndi bafa yakale yachitsulo mnyumba yanu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungira madzi amvula, itha kukhala yabwino kwa kanthawi kochepetsera matope a simenti, kapena mbale zina zazikulu zomwe zakwaniritsa zofunika pamwambapa.
Kuphatikiza pa kuthekera, chida chikufunika kusunthira misa kuti ikhale yunifolomu. Ndikulakwitsa kugwiritsa ntchito fosholo kapena mtengo wamatabwa - yankho lake liziwulitsidwa, zomwe zingakhudze mataulo abwino.
Zipangizo zabwino kwambiri ndi zosakaniza zomanga kapena, monga amatchedwanso, chosakanizira dzanja; pakalibe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kubowola ndi nozzle wapadera
Yesetsani kuyika chilichonse pamalo amodzi, kuti nthawi yophika musayende ndikuyamba ntchitoyo.
Kusankha Kwaphatikizidwe
Pa matope a simenti oyenera, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zinthu zitatu ndizofunikira: simenti, mchenga ndi madzi. Zitha kuwoneka kuti zonse ndizophweka - ndidasakaniza zonse palimodzi ndikupeza zinthu zabwino kwambiri kuti ndizitsanulire. Komabe, pali mfundo zingapo zofunika, zosagwirizana ndi zomwe zimakhudza matayala nthawi yomweyo. Mwachitsanzo, mchenga. Mutha kupeza mitundu ingapo ya mchenga, womwe umasiyana ndi tinthu tambiri, kulemera kwake, komanso kapangidwe kake.
Tidzagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wamba kapena mchenga wam'mitsinje wokhala ndi zikhalidwe monga ukhondo (chifukwa amafunika kutsukidwa), kufanana, osayipitsidwa
Simenti - kusakaniza kowuma m'matumba a pepala - kuyenera kukhala kowoneka bwino, atsopano, ndi moyo wa alumali womwe watha. Ngati matumba angapo a malo opangira zaka 10 asungidwa m'chipinda chanu chothandizira, ndibwino kuwauza, chifukwa simungapeze yankho labwino simentiyo.
Nawa maupangiri kuchokera kwa omanga akatswiri kuti akuthandizeni kupanga yankho labwino:
- Ngati mukuwona mapampu ang'onoang'ono mumsakanizo wouma, ndibwino kusefa ufa pogwiritsa ntchito sume yapadera (masentimita 10 x 10 mm ndi okwanira kugwira ntchito ndi mwala, koma pakuyika pulasitala ndi maselo a 5 mm x 5 mm ndikofunikira).
- Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa simenti yantchito yakunja ndi mamiliyoni 300 kapena 400.
- Sankhani molondola kuchuluka kwa magawo atatu onsewo. Pama track, chikhalidwe 1: 3 ndichabwino, pomwe gawo limodzi la simenti limakhala ndi mchenga 3. Zipangizo zazambiri zimatha kuyezedwa mum zidebe kapena mumiyala ina yabwino.
- Kupereka mthunzi winawake kapena kusintha machitidwe ena (mamasukidwe akayendedwe, mphamvu), zida zamakono, mwachitsanzo, ma pulasitiki kapena zopukutira utoto, amawonjezeredwa ku yankho.
Mukamakonza yankho, onetsetsani kuti silikhala mafuta, ndiye kuti, lili ndi zambiri zotsekera. Mafuta ndi pulasitiki, yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma amapanga mawonekedwe omwe amauma msanga ndi ming'alu pakapita nthawi - izi sizoyenera mayendedwe aminda. Ndikusowa kwa chinthu chomangirira, timapeza simenti yolimba yomwe imalimba kwa nthawi yayitali komanso imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osayenera.
Tikufunika simenti yokhazikika, pambuyo pouma, kukhala ndi mphamvu komanso kuvala, ndipo pazofunikira ndikungowona kuchuluka kwake.
Chikwama cha simenti cholemera 25 kg chimadula kuchokera ku ma ruble a 180 mpaka 250. Mtengo umatengera wopanga, mtundu wake ndi mtundu wa zosakaniza zowuma
Madzi amawonjezeredwa "ndi diso", poyamba pang'ono, kenako amawonjezeredwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Zotsatira zake ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi kirimu wowawasa wowoneka bwino.
Simenti Wotentha
Kumbukirani kuti yankho lotsirizika lingathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maola angapo, ndiye kuti silikhala yoyenera kutsanulira, chifukwa chake konzekerani tebulo, mafomu, zikalata - zonse zofunika kuti apange matayala amsewu.
Simenti ndi mchenga zimathiridwa m'chidebe mu zigawo zoonda - zosachepera 5-6 ziyenera kupezedwa. Izi ndizofunikira pakukhathamiritsa kwazinthu zazikulu, zofanana. Imani pomwe kutalika konse kwa payi kukufika masentimita 25-30. Kenako tengani fosholo ndikuyesera modekha koma mwamphamvu kusakaniza magawo a zosakanikirana: mukamayendetsa fosholo mwachangu, ndibwino njira yamtsogolo ikhoza kukhala.
Kudziwika kwa matope simenti youma kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi maso. Ngati mukukayika za kuyera kwa misa - onaninso momwemo
Madzi amatha kuwonjezeredwa pokhapokha mutawonetsetsa kuti kusakaniza kowuma kukonzeka kwathunthu, kapena, mawonekedwe ake. Ndikwabwino kutenga chidebe chaching'ono ndikuwonjezera pazinthu zazing'ono kuti zisawonongeke ndikupangitsa kuti yankho likhale lamadzi kwambiri. Thirani m'madzi pang'onopang'ono, kuyambitsa pang'ono.
Chovuta chomwe omanga a novice amayesa ndi kutentha kwa madzi am'madzi. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti madzi otentha adzafulumizitsa kuswana, ndipo amawatenthetsa, ena amathira madzi ozizira. Zonse ziwiri sizolondola ndipo zimatha kusokoneza mtundu wa yankho. Madzi azikhala pa kutentha komweko monga momwe kuzungulira nyengo yathu - mwaife, tikulankhula za nyengo yotentha.
Sakanizo logwiritsa ntchito kuthira nkhungu likuyenera kukhala madzi pang'ono kuposa matope a simenti popanga matope
Vuto lina limakhudzidwa ndi mchenga. Nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito mchenga womwe umasungidwa mwachindunji pamalopo. Mwachidziwikire, nthawi yamvula imatha kunyowa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chonyowa, mchenga wolemera, kutsanulira madzi ochepa. Kodi yankho lakonzeka? Pitilizani kudzaza. Kutengera ndi kupyapyala ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe, muli ndi maola 1-3 kuti mutsanulire njirayi.
Matayala okongoletsedwa ndi simenti: Malangizo atsatanetsatane
Sikuti aliyense amakonda njira za imvi, zokumbutsa za misewu yamatchire kapena konkriti, chifukwa chake tikukuwuzani za njira yopangira matailosi, omwe amachedwa mosaic. Mawayilesi athu ali kutali ndi zaluso za akatswiri achi Spain kapena aku Italy, komabe, mabwalo okongola osalala okhala ndi miyala yamitundu yambiri motsutsana ndi munda wamaluwa wamaluwa amawoneka okongola kwambiri.
Kukula kwa matayala kumatengera kapangidwe kanu kamunda. Yaikulu, yokhala ndi mbali ya 50 cm, ikhoza kuyikidwa mu mzere umodzi - mumapeza njira yopapatiza, yaying'ono (30 mpaka 40 cm) - m'mizere iwiri kapena itatu yofanana kapena mosasankha.
Mosiyana ndi matailosi wamba, okhala ndi matope a simenti imodzi, zosankha zathu zikutanthauza kukhalapo kwa chinthu china "cholemera" - miyala. Zitha kukhala zazikulu kapena zazing'ono, zokhala ndi mtundu umodzi kapena utoto wamitundu yambiri, kuzungulira kapena lathyathyathya. Miyala imatha kusinthidwa ndi zidutswa za ceramic kapena matailosi, miyala yamtengo wapatali - chinthu chachikulu ndikuti sizimasowa mvula.
Miyala yamitundu yambiri ya matailosi idatengedwa m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wapafupi. Ngati simupeza mwayi pamadziwe kapena m'mphepete mwa mitsinje mutasanduka mchenga, osadandaula - miyala yamitundu yofunikira ikhoza kugulidwa nthawi zonse pamakampani amodzi omanga
Maziko a matayala ndi matope a simenti omwe amakonzedwa motsatira chiwembu chofotokozedwa pamwambapa. Timatenga njira yapamwamba: gawo limodzi la simenti 3 magawo amchenga wamtsinje. Timakonza kusakaniza mu chidebe chachikulu pogwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yaying'ono yoyezera pulasitiki.
Ndikothekanso kuchepetsera yankho mu ma batchi, padera pa tila iliyonse, koma njirayi ikhale yayitali kwambiri komanso yolimba, chifukwa chake timakonzekera yankho mu kuchuluka kokwanira kudzaza mafomu okonzedwa asanu ndi nyumba okonzedwa.
Mafomuwo ali ndi mawonekedwe osavuta ndipo ndi otchera okhala ndi makhoma otsika opangidwa ndi thabwa 30-50 masentimita.Utali wa matayala okonzekedwayo ukhoza kukhala wa 5 cm mpaka 15 cm
Dzazani bwino vutoli ndi nkhungu yokutidwa ndi filimu ya pulasitiki yokhala ndi mafuta (makina ogwiritsa ntchito adzachita). Kwa matayala anali ofanana makulidwe, timayika mulingo wofanana wa simenti. Kuti mudziwe zolondola, mutha kujambula mizere m'mphepete mwa matabwa osonyeza kutalika kwa matayala.
Timasunthira mosamala matope simentiyo - timakonzekera kuyala miyala. Ndikofunikira kusasinthasintha kofunikira pa misa, chifukwa miyala imagwera yochepa kwambiri yankho
Popanda kuyembekezera yankho kuti muyike, ikani miyala pansi. Ngakhale musanakakonze yankho, mutha kuyeseza mwa kuikapo miyala mu chosakira "pouma" kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa miyala yomwe ikufunika pa tani imodzi.
Muyenera kuyamba kuchokera kumakona - motere matailosi azikhala olimba, ndipo mawonekedwe amwala - omveka bwino komanso olondola. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito miyala yosiyanasiyana, yesani kuyika ikuluikulu kuzungulira mtunda
Tipitilizabe kuumba miyala mwanjira ina, ndikupanga mawonekedwe achilengedwe kapena olondola. Mutha kusintha magawo a kukula kwake kosiyanasiyana kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Pofalikira chozungulira, timayesetsa kuwonetsetsa kuti mbali zazitali za miyala yoyala ili m'mphepete. Izi zimathandizira kuti maziko asachoke pakatha nthawi yayitali ndikukulitsa moyo wa njira yolimidwa.
Choyamba, ikani miyala yayikulu, ndikudzaza malo opanda kanthu ndi ang'onoang'ono. Zotsatira zake ndi matayala okongola amitundu yambiri, mawonekedwe ake sakhala otsika kuposa mnzake waku fakitaleyo.
Pachitsanzo, miyala imayikidwa mwachilengedwe. Pali zosankha zina - pazojambula, pakazunguliridwa, m'mizere m'mphepete mwa diagonal, herringbone, etc.
Zinthu zowonetsera ndi moyo wofupikitsa wa tayala ndi chisoni kwa omwe adzayendemo, chifukwa chake timakankhira miyala yonse mkati kuti ndege zawo zam'mwamba zigwirizane ndi maziko a konkire.
Posanja miyala ndikumeta, timagwiritsanso ntchito chida chowongolera. Poterepa, timafunikira chomangira chomangira chitatha pulasitala
Chifukwa chake, ntchito yonse pakupanga matayilidwe yatha, amakhalabe kudikirira. Kuti konkritiyo isasokonekere, iyenera kukhala yothira madzi kawiri pa tsiku. Pakatha masiku 3-4, zipsa, zinthu zolimba zimachoka pamakoma a formwork, ndipo matayala amatha kuchotsedwa, kumasula nkhungu kuti gawo lotsatira la yankho lithe.
Ma tayala omalizidwa amatha kuikidwa nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala malo okonzedwa - mkate wosanjika-mchenga wokhala ndi mzere ndipo wokhala ndi malire
Matailosi ndi oyenera kumanga njira kapena masamba a kukula kulikonse ndi mawonekedwe.
Matope a konkriti ndi othandizira osati kungothira mafumbi, komanso kupanga maphatikizidwe othandizira kuchokera kumayilo amtundu payekha - chifukwa ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze zolumikizana pakati pa matailosi ndi simenti yosakaniza kapena gwiritsani ntchito ngati guluu
Nyimbozo, zomwe zidawononga ndalama zochepa, zimawoneka zodabwitsa, makamaka ngati padakali zomangidwa ndi miyala ndi simenti simenti pamalopo.
Makomo achitsulo chopangidwa mwaluso ndi mpanda wamiyala yayikulu ndiye njira yabwino yolowera kumunda njira yamiyala yamtsinje. Ndipo zindikirani - kulikonse osati gawo lomaliza lomwe limaseweredwa ndi simenti wamba simenti yokonzedwa ndi dzanja lanu
Ndipo pamapeto pake - kanema wamkulu wamomwe angakonzekere bwino matope a simenti ndikuwathira mu kola la taye:
