Ngati tikhudza za zipatso zamiyala, ndiye kuti maula ndi chitumbuwa chimadzafika monga chimodzi mwazikhalidwe zodziwika bwino za banja lino. Cherry ndi yabwino mwa njira yake, ndipo maula munjira yake. Chipatso chilichonse chamwala chimakhala ndi chake. Koma bwanji ngati muphatikiza zikhalidwe ziwiri ndikupeza mbewu yabwino? Chifukwa chiyani. Kodi ndi chitchuthi chotani chomwe chitumbuwa chidzapeza ngati chiikidwa pa maula nthambi? Pofuna kuti tisamangoganiza za kuchuluka kwa ma plum-cherry, tiyeni tisanthule mwatsatanetsatane bwanji komanso motani. Ndipo ndizotheka konse.
Ndikotheka kubzala yamatcheri pa maula
Zachidziwikire, kuti wolimi wosadziwa zambiri azifunsa funso - kodi ndizotheka kubzala zipatso zamtengo wapatali? Kodi katemera wotere ndiwotheka ndipo zotsatira zake ndi chiyani? Ndipo awa ndi mafunso achilungamo. Yankho lidzakhala lopanda chidwi: ndizotheka kubzala yamatcheri pa plums. Ndipo mosinthanitsa. Mitengo iwiri yonseyi ndi ya banja lamtundu wamiyala, ndiye kuti, ali ofanana.
Chimawoneka ngati wosakanizidwa wa maula
Mutha kubzala yamatcheri pamtengo wamatcheri, maula amtengo wapatali, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, ndi minga. Cheramu yamafuta imatchulanso kuti maulamu wa ku Russia, imalekerera chisanu bwino ndipo imatha kupatsa zipatso zabwino. Koma mwatsoka, zodula zamatcheri ndi yamatcheri sizimazika mizu. Ngati mukufuna kusakaniza chitumbuwa cha mbalame ndi chitumbuwa - sankhani mitundu ya Antipka, ndiye wachibale wapamtima kwambiri wa chitumbuwa. Kutembenukira kumalandira kumalumikizidwa bwino, ndipo sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa maula awa onunkhira nawonso ndi chitumbuwa.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a wosakanizidwa, mtundu wosakanizika wakuda ndi kukula kwapakati pakati pa maula ndi chitumbuwa titha kuzindikirika
Pali ma nuances angapo omwe muyenera kudziwa musanachite njirayi.
Mutha kubzala mbewu za banja limodzi kuti mupatsenso malo
Kanema: momwe mungapezere zotsatira zabwino kuchokera kwa katemera
Zambiri pokhudzana ndi kukhathamiritsa ma plums
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kumalumikiza mitundu iwiri ya mbewu kumachitika kuti mupeze mtengo wathanzi, wolimba (mwachitsanzo, mtengo wolimba kwambiri wa dzinja kapena wolimbana ndi matenda). Mwachitsanzo, ngati mungaganize chodzala mbali ya chitumbuwa pamadziyo, ndiye kuti yotsirizirayo iyenera kubalidwa. Chifukwa chake, ma scion apeza katundu (atha kusintha) mogwirizana ndi nyengo yamderali.
Scion - chomera (pamenepa, chitumbuwa), chomwe chimalumikizidwa kumtengo wina kuti chikhale ndi zatsopano. Chonde ndi chomera chomwe adalumanikizidwa (pamenepa, maula).
Mwa njira, mwanjira iyi (Ankalumikiza) mutha kufalitsa mitengo osati mitengo ing'onoing'ono.
Tiyeni tiwone zosankha zomwe zingapezeke chifukwa chakudutsa:
- mitundu yatsopano;
- mtengo wokhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya zipatso;
- kupeza kukolola koyambirira;
- kusamalira mitundu ndi mitundu.
Muyenera kudziwa kuti pamenepa, zipatso zodzozedwazo zimayang'anira zipatso zamitundu mitundu komanso zam'tsogolo, ndi maula - posinthasintha, zakudya komanso kukula.
Kodi mbali zina za mitengo zimamera limodzi bwanji? Cambium ndiye nsalu yomwe "imalumikiza" phesi la chitumbuwa ndi filimu yowombera. Pa katemera, kumezanitsa kumayikidwa chitsa ndi zigawo zomwe cambium imawululidwa. Madzi a nkhuni amayamba kuwonjezerera, omwe angathandize kupangika komanso kupanga minofu yatsopano yolumikizika.
Zabwino komanso zoyipa ndikumalumikiza chitumbuwa pamula
Inde, pali zabwino zambiri kuposa zovuta. Kupanda kutero, kuyesa koteroko sikukadachitika, poyambira koyambirira, anthu akadazindikira tanthauzo lake. Komabe, kulumikiza kwamatcheri ku plums ndizofala kwambiri.
Ubwino wakuwoloka:
- Kukomeraku ndikodabwitsa: kununkhira ndi kukoma kwake kwamatcheri obisika mkati ndi kutsekemera ndi kudekha kwa plums;
- Zowonjezera bwino zokhala ndi chitumbuwa kumalumikizidwa kumaula osungidwa;
- Kutha kupulumutsa mitundu kapena mitundu, yomwe nthawi zambiri (kupatulapo zodula) kumwalira, kuwuma, sikumazika mizu, ndi zina zotero.
- Kukolola koyambirira kwa zipatso zosaneneka komanso zachilendo. Mupeza mbewuyo kale kwambiri kuposa momwe mumabzala mmera wamatchire pansi.
Mwa zoperewera, zovuta za njirayi ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa osapulumuka kwa odulidwa omwe amatha kusiyanitsidwa. Ndipo pambuyo pake, zachidziwikire, mtengo wotere umafunikira chisamaliro chochulukirapo komanso chisamaliro chaumwini.
Kusamalira kumaphatikizapo chithandizo chokwanira cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: nsabwe za m'masamba, ma saw chitumbuwa, njenjete, etc. Komanso kuchokera kumatenda obadwa nawo onse mu chitumbuwa ndi maula, chifukwa tsopano muli ndi haibridi. Kupatula apo, musaiwale za feteleza ndi kudulira.
Ndikofunika kuyang'ana mtengowu, chifukwa ukhoza kudabwitsani inu kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ake atsopano. Kaya ikhale yayitali, yofalikira, yopanda nthambi - zimatengera zinthu zomwe mwapeza kuchokera ku maula. Ndipo, ndizachidziwikire, mawonekedwe a yamatcheri amapanga phindu. Zonsezi pamodzi zimakhudza mitundu yatsopano. Momwe mungathane nayo, nthawi zambiri, mumvetsetseka munthawiyo. Mawonekedwe a mtengowu amapanga njira yanu yosamalira mwapadera.
Zomwe akatswiri olima dimba ndi obereketsa ozindikira amatithandiza kudziwa zomwe zingakhale njira zabwino za katemera.
Vidiyo: Anagula mmera umodzi - anabzala awiri!
Nthawi yabwino ya katemera
Nthawi zambiri katemera wa masika kapena chilimwe. Ngakhale posachedwapa, ndizodabwitsa, koma zowona, alimi ayambanso kuchita nyengo yozizira. Ndikosavuta kunena kuti ndizothandiza kapena ayi, popeza pali zotsatira zotsimikizika mpaka pano.
Koma kuyambira nthawi zakale, obereketsa makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito njira yolembera katemera. Momwe mungagwiritsire nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya njirayi? Chofunikira kwambiri ndikusaphonya madzi amchere. Chonde dziwani kuti zimayamba pomwe chipale chofewa chagona, koma nthaka idayamba kale kuoneka, ndipo masamba pamitengo ndi zitsamba adatupa kale.
Mawonekedwe oyambilira adawoneka, ndipo masamba pamitengo adatupa - mutha katemera
Njira zopangira katemera pa maula
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti njira zonse za katemera zimagwiritsa ntchito bwino mu April.
Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa atha kuchita njirayi (ndiye kuti, kuyika scion kuti ikhale mbali ya maula, kapena kumbuyo kwa khungwa).
Pamakungwa
Chitsa chake chikuyenera kukhala ndi masamba pafupifupi 5, ndipo kutalika kwa ma scion kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi 25-30 cm, moyenera osaposa masentimita 4. Mphukira ya chitsa siyenera kukhala yankhanza, yowonongeka kapena yophuka. Ponyowa, pangani kudula bwino m'mbali (ngati kuti mukudula khungulo pang'ono mkati). Mukudula kumeneku, muyenera kuyika bwino kudula ndi mphako. Pa chitumbuwa, mbali yolumikizidwa imapangidwa kotero kuti zimakhala za mitengo yonse iwiri zimakumana mosavuta pakuthamanga. Iyi ndi njira yovuta, popeza imafunikira dzanja lolimba ndi chidziwitso, motero ndiyofunika kwa alimi odziwa bwino ntchito yawo.
Chiyerekezo cha momwe mungabzalire mbewu ndi makungwa
Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito koyambirira koyambirira kwa mvula kumayambiriro kwa kutuluka kwa mitengo.
Kanema: momwe angapangire katemera wa bark
Kumenya ndi kutengera
- Okulirovanie amatanthauza kuti Ankalumikiza kulumikizana ndi impso imodzi pamalo opangika pamsika. Wodula ndi impso umayikidwa pansi pa khunguyo kuti likhale chotseka. Zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa pali kuthekera kwakukulu kosazika mizu.
Chiwonetserochi chikufanana ndi kukhazikika kwa impso (mwana wosabadwa) mkati mwa chomera (mayi wina)
- Kukopa kumachitika popanda kudula khungubwi lomwe lakuzama. Kudula mbali kumangochitika kumene kumene chitumbu cha chitumbuuyo chimayikiridwa ndi kudula mbali yomweyo. Mlingo wopulumuka ndiwokwera.
Kukopera ndi chinthu chosavuta.
- Palinso kusinthasintha. Pankhaniyi, kuyika pa scion ndi katundu kumapangidwa ndi gawo, ndiye kuti, zigzag. Pazofunikira, muyenera kusankha mphukira za maula ndi chitumbuwa zomwe ndizofanana mainchesi. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti njirayi imapereka mwayi wambiri wopulumuka ndikuphatikizana kwa zimakhala.
Poyerekeza mitundu iwiriyi ya kukopera, zowonadi, yowongoleredwa imapereka zotsatira zinanso
Pambuyo pa njirayi iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu za njira yolembera katemera, ndikofunikira kuchitira malo oyambitsa ndi mitundu yamaunda, komanso m'malo omwe mukumanga kapena ndikuyika scion, konzani ndi nsalu kapena tepi.
Kanema: maphunziro othandiza m'munda
Gawani katemera
Mwina iyi ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito ulimi wamaluwa, onse akudziwa, osati kwambiri. Kugawika kumaphatikizapo kupanga chithunzithunzi pamtengo wokulira, pomwe phesi la chitumbuuyo limayikiridwa.
Ankalumikiza njira sitepe ndi sitepe
Tiyeni tiwone malangizo omwe atha kuperekera katemera mu cleavage. Kodi phindu la njirayi ndi lotani? Choyamba, iyi ndi njira yosavuta. Kachiwiri, zimapereka kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa thunzi kutumphuka pa maula.
Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono a katemera pogawika
Kupeza ma cherries opangidwa bwino omwe ali ndi machitidwe a stock ndi chifukwa cha kulondola bwino kwa machitidwe.
- Kukula wamng'ono maula ngati katundu. Msika wabwino kwambiri wa njirayi ndi zaka 1-2, thunthu la mtengowo limakhala pafupifupi masentimita 6-8. Sipangakhale maula okalamba mwapadera, m'malo mwake ndi wobzala wamaluwa yemwe wabzalidwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri zapitazo ndipo akumva bwino. Kumbukirani, katemera samachitika pamtengo wodwala!
Katemera amapangidwa pamtengo wathanzi, makamaka osapitirira zaka ziwiri.
- Ndikofunika kutemera mu April. Chifukwa chiyani? Mitengo imayamba kutuluka, ndi nthawi imeneyi kuti kupulumuka kwa scion kumapereka zotsatira zabwino. Zipatso zimadutsa mosavuta mu phesi lomwe limabzalidwa ndipo zimadyetsa ngati mphukira yakwawo. Tizilombo ta mitengoyi timalumikizana bwino ndipo timasakaniza. Zofunika! Zidutswa za kuphukira kwa kasupe ziyenera kukonzekera kugwa! Dulani nthambi zokhala ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu a zipatso kutalika kwa 10 cm. Pamaso pa njirayi, kudula mosamala kudula nthawi yozizira.
Cherry odulidwa akonzedwa pasadakhale - mu kugwa
- Palinso katemera wa chilimwe. Simuyenera kuyesa kubzala zometera kumapeto kwa chilimwe, chifukwa minofu ndi ma plums ndi ma cherries asintha kale, zasintha kwambiri. Zowimbirazi mwina sizingachitike. Pakutentha kwa chilimwe, ndikothekanso kubzala, chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita izi ndikadulidwa mwatsopano. Osamachulukitsa kwambiri, popeza katemera chilimwe ndizovuta kale. Amakhulupirira kuti kuphatikiza ndi kudula kumene kumabweretsa zotsatira zochepa. Makamaka chifukwa chakuti pang'onopang'ono, maluwa sangathenso kumeretsa komanso kukonza mabala.
Katemera wa chilimwe amatanthauza kudula masamba obiriwira
- Katemera m'magawidwewo amapangidwa ndikudula wobiriwira watsopano m'chilimwe ndi yophukira kumayambiriro kwamasika. Chachikulu ndikutsata njira. Konzani tepi yoyambira pasadakhale (tepi ya masking, gauze kapena nsalu) ndi var vars. Ngati thunthu lapakati limasankhidwa ngati sitoko, thawani pansi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Ngati mphukira wam'mbali wasankhidwa, mtunda wochokerako pafupifupi 20-25 cm.
Kugawanitsa ndi njira yopambana yopambana komanso yovuta kupeza kuti iperekedwe
- Cleavage iyenera kuchitidwa panthambi za chitsa ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 5-7.Kapangika mozama mkati mwake (10-12 cm) pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuthwa kapena chipewa chaching'ono. Mankhwala okhala ndi maula atha.
Kudula kwa nthambi yokhala ndi chitsa kuyenera kukhala koyera komanso koyera, komanso kugawanikiranimo
- Tengani zodula zophika chitumbuwa ndi kudula matabwa angapo. Zikhala zina. Magawo ayenera kukhala ofanana kutalika kwa kuya kwa maula.
Maudzu awiri azipangidwapo mbali imodzi kuti thunthu lizikhala lopindika
- Ikani scion mu gawolo kuti zigawo (kapangidwe) kofananira nkhuni. Ngati katundu wanuyo ali wokulirapo kangapo kuposa scion, ikani zigawo ziwiri kapena zitatu mu gawo.
Sanjani pathanthwe mosamala kuti matanthwe amtengowo agwirizane ndikukula limodzi
- Mukayika maudzu mosamala mu chitsa, mumangire chovalacho ndi tepi kapena nsalu yolimba m'litali mwa splinter. Ndipo malo pomwe adayikapo scion ndikudula - chivundikiro ndi munda var.
Kuti timange mizere yodulidwayo ndikuwachitira ndi mitundu yamaluwa ndikofunikira, chifukwa izi zithandiza kuti madzi owonjezera asatuluke, ndipo minofu yake imayamba mizu mwachangu
Kuti zigawanazi sizitseke pomwe mukucheka mbali pamadulidwewo - siyani chipewa mmalo mwake kapena ikani chofinyira, chingwe cholimba, ndi zina zotere. Ndikofunika kuti musachotse chinthucho mpaka mutatsimikiza kuti kudula kwadalidwa bwino.
Kanema: Gawani katemera wa mmisiri waluso
Malangizo
Akatswiri akuti mu njira yonse ya katemera, chidwi chawo chachikulu komanso nkhawa ziyenera kuperekedwa ku stock, ndiye kuti, ma plamu. Muyenera kusankha mtengo wathanzi komanso wamphamvu wokhala ndi mizu yabwino komanso chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda wamba. Mwachitsanzo, itha kukhala ngati maula wamtchire.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitengo ndi zitsamba zobzala zakutchire zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe ndizovuta kuzikulitsa kuchokera kuulimi wobzala
Mu zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, "masewera olusa" adasinthidwa kutsamba lake. Mtengowo ukadzazika ndi kuzika mizu, umakuthandizani ngati wopereka zabwino zamtundu wina watsopano.
Pakulumikiza kwa yamatcheri pamtengo wa maula (ndipo nthawi zambiri mitengo yazipatso iliyonse) ndikofunikira kukolola bwino kumtengowo.
Kanema: Kututa kudula malinga ndi malamulo
Pomaliza, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti maula ndi amodzi mwa masheya abwino kwambiri amatcheri. Ngakhale kuti njirayi imatha kuoneka ngati yovuta, yopanda chidwi, yofuna maluso, kudziwa kwina, muyenera kuyesetsa kuchita! Ndi mchitidwe womwe umapatsa chidwi, komanso zipatso zabwino za hybrids. Rejista ya State sakanadziwa mitundu yatsopano yambiri, ngati sakanachita chidwi asayansi. Kutemera kwamatcheri pamaula kumatenga malo olemekezeka posankha, chifukwa ndi othandiza kwambiri.
