Blueberries ndi mtengo wazipatso kuchokera ku mtundu wa Vaccinium m'banja la Heather. Kuphatikiza pa zipatso zabwino komanso zokoma kwambiri, zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwake, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri baka limabzalidwa kumapiri a mapiri. Zowombera ndi masamba azitsamba zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kudyetsa ziweto, ndipo zakale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati utoto wa pakhungu. Dzinalo lasayansi la genus (vaccinium) limachokera ku liu "vacca", ndiye kuti, "ng'ombe." Dzina lachi Russia limafotokozedwa ndi mtundu wa zipatso. Ma Blueberries amakhala munkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana kapena m'madambo. Mtengowo umakhala wambiri kuyambira nyengo yotentha mpaka tundra.
Maonekedwe a chitsamba
Bilberry ndi shrubni wosatha wotalika masentimita 10-50. Amadyetsedwa ndi chizungulire, chokulirapo, chomwe chimangotsika pansi mpaka 6 cm. Kukula kwakukulu kumakhazikitsidwa panthambi za mizu, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse shrub. Pakati ndi ochepa ochepa oyambira. Nthambi zopendekera paiwo zimawongoleredwa m'mphepete. Zimayambira zimakutidwa ndi khungwa la bulauni lofiirira lomwe lili ndi nthiti zazitali.
Masamba okhazikika kapena opendekera mwachidule amakonzedwa mosiyanasiyana. Amakhala ndi ovoid kapena oval mawonekedwe okhala ndi mbali zabwino za m'mphepete. Pamaso pake pepala limayatsidwa kumapeto ndipo utoto wakuda. Mitsempha yothina komanso yowala kwambiri imawonekera bwino pa iyo.
M'mwezi wa Meyi, maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera obiriwira amawonekera kumapeto kwa mphukira. Amakhala opanda ma pedicel ndipo amakula osakwatiwa. Nimbus yolondola isanu imakhala ndi 5 denticles, pestle imodzi yokhala ndi ovary yaying'ono ndi ma stamens asanu. Maluwa otulutsa maluwa amapukutidwa ndi tizilombo. Chomera ndi mbewu yabwino ya uchi.
Mu Julayi-Seputembala, zipatso zokhala ndi dzira kapena zipatso zozungulira zimacha ndi mulifupi wa 6-10 mm. Amapaka utoto wakuda kapena wamtambo wakuda ndipo ali ndi zochepa kwambiri zokutira kwa sera. Pansi pa mabulosi pali korona wawung'ono wozungulira. Pansi pa khungu loonda limabisa zamkati zofiirira zokhala ndi fungo lokhazikika komanso kukoma. Muli ndi mbeu zing'onozing'ono 40.
Kusiyana pakati pa mabuliberiyuni ndi ma buliberries
Zomera zonsezi ndi za mtundu wa Vaccinium, motero kufanana kwawo sizodabwitsa. Wosamalira maluwa wa novice samasiyanitsa ma buluu pa maonekedwe amtchire. Mwa otchuka kusiyanitsa kusiyanasiyana:
- chitsamba cha mabulosi amtunduwu nthawi zonse chimakhala chotsika, pomwe ma buluu amatha kufikira 3 m kutalika;
- ma buliberries ali pafupifupi opanda kuwala kwanthunzi yoyeserera;
- msuzi wabuluu, mosiyana ndi mlongo, umasiya malo owala, m'manja ndi zovala;
- kapangidwe ka mabulosi am'maso ndi olemera, kumakhala ndi ma microelements omwe amathandizira kukonza mawonekedwe;
- ngati maluwa obiriwira ayamba kuphuka ndi kubereka zipatso azaka zakubadwa zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndiye kuti pamtunda wa mabulosi akulu maluwa oyamba atatha zaka 1-2.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ma buliberries alibe mitundu ndi mitundu. Imayimiriridwa ndi mitundu "mitundu wamba" kapena tsamba la myrtle ". Ngati m'masitolo "blueberries" kapena mitundu ina yogulitsidwa, ndiye kuti tikulankhula za blueberries.
Njira zolerera
Ma Blueberries amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu komanso zipatso. Ndi njira yobala, zipatso zakupsa kwambiri komanso zaumoyo zimakololedwa. Zimakhala zofewa ndipo mbewu zimatsitsidwa, kenako ndikutsukidwa ndikuwuma. Kubala kumachitika mkati mwa yophukira. M'mbuyomu, njere zimanyowa m'madzi amadzi ndipo okhawo omwe akhazikika pansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'mabotolo osaya ndi mchenga komanso peat, njere zimabzalidwe mpaka 3-5 mm. Amasungunuka ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Tsiku lililonse ndikofunikira kupatsirana ndi kupopera mbewu mbewu. Mphukira zimawonekera patatha milungu ingapo, pambuyo pake pothawirako. M'nyengo yozizira, mbande zimasungidwa m'chipinda chowala bwino ndi kutentha kwa + 5 ... + 10 ° C. Mu nthawi yamasika, nyengo ikakhala yotentha, mbewu mumiphika zimatengedwa kupita kumweya wabwino ndikuyika mthunzi pang'ono. Amamwe madzi nthawi zonse ndi umuna. Kuika kwakunja kutha kuchitidwa pazaka 2-3.
M'mwezi wa June-Julayi, masamba odulidwa omwe amakhala osachepera 4-6 masentimita adadulidwa. Masamba otsika kuchokera phesi amachotsedwa, ndipo masamba apamwamba amawadula pakati. Gawo limathandizidwa ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera, kenako mphukira zimabzalidwa m'mbale zokhala ndi peat kapena peat-humus nthaka. Denga lamchenga wamtsinje wa 2-3 masentimita limathiridwa pamwamba pake. Pambuyo pozika masamba, masamba achichepere amayamba kuwoneka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pobisalira amatha kuchotsedwa. Kuyika pamalo osatha kumachitika pambuyo pa nthawi yachisanu (kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira).
Chifukwa cha kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri, ma buliberries amapereka mizu yambiri. Popita nthawi, chitsamba chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri ndipo chimayenera kugawidwa ndikuwazidwa. Mu theka loyambilira la nyundo chimakumbidwa kwathunthu ndikugawikidwanso magawo ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Gawoli lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi mphukira zingapo komanso impso zisanu. Popanda kulola kuti mbewa isume, mbewuzo zimabzyala pamalo okhazikika.
Malo ndi Kutchera
Kuti ma buluwe azika mizu m'mundamo, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale nyengo yachilengedwe. Makamaka chidwi chake chikuyenera kulipira pakuwunikira ndi mawonekedwe a nthaka. Dothi liyenera kukhala lokwanira acidic, koma lonyowa. Kuti muchite izi, nyenyeswa za peat, zidutswa za makungwa a paini, utuchi, masamba a oak zimayambitsidwa. Mchenga wamtsinje umawonjezedwa ndi dothi lambiri komanso lolemera. Mabasi amayenera kuyikidwa mumthunzi pang'ono kapena dzuwa lotseguka.
Kubala kumatha kuchitika mchaka kapena kugwa. Amadziwika kuti ndi mabulosi obzala mu yophukira omwe amayambira mizu bwino. Dzenje lobzala 60 cm mulifupi ndi 80cm lakuya limakumbidwa pa mtunda wa 1.5 m kuchokera nyumba kapena mbewu zina. Pansi pa dzenje anagona pansi zotayira. Ngati nthambizo zimakwiriridwa, ndiye kuti zimayikidwa maola angapo mu beseni ndi madzi. Khosi la muzu limayikidwa ndi dothi. Dziko lapansi limasungunuka ndikudzaza ndi chonde ndi dothi lachonde.
Mabasi amathiriridwa ndi asidi. Dothi lophatikizidwa pamizu limalungika ndi utuchi kapena peat. Mukabzala mbande kuyambira zaka 3, mphukira zake zimafupikitsidwa mpaka 20 cm kuchokera pansi. Izi zikuthandizira kuwonongeka kwa rhizome ndikuthandizira kuti zizolowera malo atsopano.
Malamulo Osamalira
Ma Blueberries amafunika chisamaliro chokhazikika ndi chisamaliro kuchokera kwa wam'munda. Mizu yake imakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi kumtunda, kotero kuthilira pafupipafupi ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono amadzi ndikofunikira kuti madzi asasunthike ndipo bowa samakula.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka, umuna uyenera kuchitika. Gwiritsani ntchito ma organic ndi mchere wamaofesi. Zamoyo (peat kutumphuka, mullein, kompositi) zimagawidwa mozungulira mozungulira mchaka zitatu zilizonse. Chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa masika, tchire limamwetsedwa ndi feteleza ochepa (ammonium sulfate, Kalimagnesia, superphosphate). Pamasiku osatentha madzulo, yankho la feteleza ndilothandiza kupopera pa korona.
Njira yofunikira pakukula kwa buliberries ndikudulira. Kuyambira zaka zapakati pa 3-4, zimachitika masika aliwonse. Muyenera kusiya nthambi 7 zamphamvu. Malo owonda kwambiri ndikucheperako ndikuchotsa mbali zamphepete zam'mbali. Nthambi zakale (kuyambira wazaka 5) zimadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 20 cm.Chitsamba chikafika zaka 15, korona wake wonse amafupikitsidwira mpaka 20 cm.
Ma Blueberries amalimbana ndi chisanu ndipo safuna pogona nthawi yozizira, komabe, kutetezedwa ku chisanu mwadzidzidzi kungakhale kofunikira. Masamba akutulutsa maluwa kapena maluwa amakumana ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha. Pofuna kuziziritsa, kuphimba tchire ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu.
Ma Blueberries nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi matenda azomera. Pokhapokha ngati dothi limakungika kwambiri nthawi zonse limakhala kuti mizu imavunda ndipo ufa wa phula umayamba. Kuchiza ndi Bordeaux amadzimadzi kapena fungal ina ikhoza kukhala yopindulitsa. Mwa majeremusi, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizilombo tambiri timakonda kugwidwa. Mutha kuwachotsa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso ma acaricides. Popewa mankhwala kuti asalowe chipatsocho, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mankhwala othandizira azichitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe.
Kututa, katundu wothandiza
Sungani zonyezimira zimayamba mkatikati mwa chilimwe. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi mukawuma m'mawa kapena madzulo. Ndi okhwima bwino, pafupifupi zipatso zakuda zimasankhidwa. Chifukwa cha izi, owuma zipatso apadera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zipatso zimamasulidwa ku masamba ndi mapesi, kutsukidwa ndikuwuma. Kusunga zipatso motalikirapo, ndizouma, zouma kapena kupanikizana ndipo zimakonzedwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mabuliberiya sikuti kumangopatsa kukoma kosangalatsa, komanso kumakhutiritsa thupi ndi zinthu zofunikira. Zipatso ndi masamba ali ndi zinthu zambiri:
- njira;
- organic zidulo;
- ascorbic acid;
- carotene;
- Mavitamini a B;
- saponins;
- zinthu zazing'ono ndi zazikulu;
- glycosides;
- antioxidants.
Kudya zipatso zingapo tsiku lililonse kumachepetsa shuga m'magazi, kusintha metabolism ndikuwonjezera acidity ya madzi a m'mimba. Chogwiritsidwacho chimathandizira kukonza magazi kupita kumaso, ndikulimbana ndi matenda am'mimba, kuchepa kwa vitamini ndi matenda opatsirana. Madzi a zipatso ndi decoction wamasamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kuthana ndi eczema, scaly lichen ndi zotupa pakhungu.
Contraindication zochizira blueberries ndi matenda a kapamba ndi duodenum, munthu tsankho, chizolowezi cha kudzimbidwa kapena oxalaturia.
