Mafuta am'madzi ndi mtundu wazomera zam'madzi zamadzi zochokera kumadzi kuchokera kubanja la Water Lily. Malo awo achilengedwe ndi osasunthika kapena madzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso otentha. Mtengowu umapezeka ku Far East, Urals, ku Central Asia, Russia, Belarus ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo. Kuphatikiza pa dzina wamba, limatchedwa "kakombo wamadzi", "mwana wa dzuwa" kapena "nymphaeum." Madzi okhala ndi nthano zosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa iwo, nymph yoyera adasanduka duwa lamadzi chifukwa chokonda Hercules. Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zina, duwa lililonse limakhala ndi mphonje. Duwa ili liyenera kukongoletsa dziwe lanu laling'ono, chifukwa kuwonjezera pazokongola, mwiniwake amalandira zabwino zambiri zathanzi komanso zachuma.
Maonekedwe a mbewu
Madzi amadzimadzi ndi amoyo wamadzi wokhala ndi chikutalitali. Imamamatira ku silt ndipo imakulirakulira mpaka kukhala njira zazifupi. Kukula kwa chingwe-chokhala ngati mizu yopingasa ndi pafupifupi masentimita 5. Masamba akulu a petiole amakula kuchokera pamtunda kumapeto kwa tsinde. Zina mwazo zili m'mphepete mwa madzi, koma ambiri amakhala pamwamba. Pulogalamu yooneka ngati mtima, pafupifupi yozungulira imakhala yotsika kwambiri. Kukula kwake ndi 20-30 cm kudutsa. M'mphepete mwa masamba ndi olimba, ndipo kumtunda kumatha kukhala kolimba kapena maselo awiri: wobiriwira, bulauni, pinki, wobiriwira pang'ono.
Mu Meyi-Juni, maluwa oyamba amayamba kuonekera. Maluwa amatha kukhala mpaka chisanu, ngakhale duwa limodzi limangokhala masiku 3-4. Madzulo, ma petals amatseka, peduncle amafupikitsa ndikujambula maluwa pansi pamadzi. M'mawa, zotere zimachitika. Nthawi zambiri corolla imakhala ndi manda 4, omwe amafanana ndi ma petals, koma amasiyana mu utoto wambiri. Pambuyo pawo pamizere ingapo pamakhala miyala ikuluikulu yayikulu yozungulira. Mtundu wa pamakhala ungakhale woyera, kirimu, pinki kapena ofiira. Yotsirizira imasandulika yaying'ono yamtengo wapatali masitepe. Pestle ikuwoneka pakati penipeni. Danga lamkaka lamadzi ndi mainchesi 6 mpaka 15. Maluwa amatulutsa fungo losangalatsa lamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, peduncle imasunthika ndikupindika, itanyamula zipatso zakucha pansi pamadzi ngati bokosi la mbewu losasinthika. Pambuyo pakucha komaliza, makoma amatseguka, ndikutulutsa mbewu zazing'ono zokutidwa ndi ntchofu wakuda. Choyamba, amakhala pansi, ndipo ntchofu zitatsukidwa kwathunthu, zimira pansi ndikumera.
Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, siltation komanso kupendekeka kwamatupi amadzi, kuchuluka kwa maluwa a m'madzi kwatsika kwambiri. Komanso kuwonongedwa kwa anthuwa kudakhudzidwa ndikuthamangitsidwa kwa mbewu chifukwa cha zamankhwala. Mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, kakombo wamadzi oyera, yalembedwa kale mu Buku Lofiyira.
Mitundu Yamiyala Yamadzi
Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, mtundu wa Kuvshinka uli ndi mitundu yoposa 40 yazomera.
Mafuta oyera oyera (oyera oyera). Wokhala m'madziwe apakati ku Russia amadziwika ndi mizu yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imamera mosiyanasiyana. Pamwamba pamadzi amtundu wa petioles amabala masamba ndi maluwa. Masamba obiriwira okhazikika pamadzipo ndi mainchesi 20-25. Ali ndi mawonekedwe ozunguliridwa ndi gawo lopendekeka pafupi ndi petiole. Mphukira yoyamba kutsegulidwa kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni, amasinthana wina ndi mnzake mpaka nthawi yophukira. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha maluwa chimawonedwa theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Maluwa onunkhira oyera ngati chipale chofewa ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi masentimita angapo.
Madzi oyera oyera. Zomera zimakhala ku Eurasia ndi North Africa. Masamba akulu kwambiri amafikira mainchesi 30, koma okhala ndi panganolo. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, maluwa oyera otuwa amaphuka ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 15. Mitundu ikuluikulu imakhala pabwalo lakunja, ndipo kulowera pakatikati pang'onopang'ono imakhala yaying'ono ndikupita m'mizere ingapo ya stamens.
Mchere wamadzi ndi tetrahedral. Wokhala kumpoto kwa Siberia ali ndi mawonekedwe ochepa. Pakatikati pa maluwa ake oyera ndi oyera sapitilira 5 cm.
Mafuta amchere a haibridi. Gulu la maluwa okongoletsera amadzi akhazikitsidwa makamaka m'munda. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kuchepa kochepa kwa mbewu zamtchire pachikhalidwe. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Alba - chomera 40-100 cm kutalika ndi maluwa akulu oyera-oyera;
- Rozeya - zikuluzikulu zazikulu zokhala ndi kapu ya pinki ndi miyala ya pinki yotuwa imaphukira pa mphukira 0.2-1 mamita
- Mendulo ya Golide - Maluwa agolide okhala ndi miyala yambiri yopapatiza amakhala pa mphukira mpaka 1 m kutalika;
- James Brydon - miyala yamtengo wapatali yamtundu wocheperako yomwe imakhala ndi miyala yambiri komanso yozungulira, amakula pamtengo mpaka mpaka 1 mita;
- Kukongola kwa Blue - Masamba akuluakulu obiriwira azunguliridwa ndi maluwa okhala ndi miyala ya buluu komanso pakati pa golide.
Mitundu ya maluwa amadzi amtundu wamtambo nthawi zambiri imatsogozedwa ndi mithunzi yoyera kapena yapinki, koma ena amati awonapo kakombo wamadzi achikasu. Chomera choterocho chilipo, koma chimachokera ku mtundu wina - Eggplant. Pankhani ya kapangidwe ka masamba ndi malo okhala, genera ndi yofanana kwambiri. Onsewa ndi a banja limodzi. Komanso, maluwa amakula bwino ndipo samapitirira masentimita 4-6. Mitundu yeniyeniyo imakhala yotakata komanso yozungulira.
Zambiri Zofalitsa
Ndikovuta kwambiri kufalitsa kakombo wamadzi. Ngakhale ndi katswiri waz maluwa, si kuyesa konse komwe kungapambane. Kubzala mbewu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kothekera kumwera kwa dzikolo.
Zotsatira zabwino zimawonetsedwa ndi njira zamasamba. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa nthambizo ndikuidula mzidutswa kuti kugawanika kumakhala ndi impso imodzi. Magawo ayenera kuwaza ndi makala. Mankhwala onse amayenera kuchitika mwachangu, chifukwa chomera sichilola kuti muzu uzikula kwambiri. Amayikidwa mumtsuko ndimadzi ndi sludge. Ngati pali masamba angapo pagawo, ena mwa iwo ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti mbewuyo isafooke.
Zinsinsi Zosamalira
Kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa amakongoletsedwe amadzi ndi njira yabwino yothetsera maiwe ang'onoang'ono. Amakula bwino m'malo owala bwino, komanso otseguka, komanso amatha kukhazikika pang'onopang'ono. Mthunzi wathunthu, mbewuyo sadzafa, koma simungathe kudikira maluwa. Kuti malo onse amadzi asadzazidwe ndi zomerazi, ndikofunikira kugawa madzi okwanira 1-4 m² pachilichonse. Maluwa amadzimadzi amatha bwino m'magazi, pamadzi abata kapena otaya pang'ono. Kubowola kosalekeza kumaphatikizidwa kwa iwo, chifukwa chake, mbewu zimafa pafupi ndi kasupe.
Kugulitsa kumachitika mu Meyi-Juni. Ngakhale mutha kuyika muzu pansi pomwepo, ndikosavuta kubzala nympha mumtsuko kapena chidebe chachikulu cha pulasitiki. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewuyo imatha kuchotsedwa kuti isazizire mu dziwe losaya, losazizira. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kumakhala ndi izi:
- peat;
- nthaka yamaluwa;
- mchenga;
- kompositi
Kukula pa nthawi yakamatera ayenera kukhala pamwamba. Kuti nthaka isatuluke ndipo mbande sizitsukidwa, pamwamba pake ndilemera ndi miyala yamiyala. Kuzama kwa kumizidwa kutengera kutalika kwa mitundu inayake. Itha kukhala 20 cm yokha kapena kufikira mita 1. Choyamba, chidebe chomwe chili ndi chomera chimayikidwa gawo losaya, kuti masamba amawonekera mwachangu. Akamakula, kakombo wamadzi amamizidwa mwakuya. Kusunthika kotereku kumatheka pokhokha pakukula. Kubwera kwa masamba, kusinthasintha kwa madzi kumatsutsana.
Nymphaeum amafunika kudyetsedwa. Feteleza kwa iye akhoza kukhala fupa chakudya. Amasakanikirana ndi dongo ndi mawonekedwe a mipira. Amamizidwa mu dothi pafupi ndi mizu.
Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuchuluka kwa nyengo yozizira ya mitundu. Ena aiwo amalimbikira ngakhale ozizira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri awa amakhala m'makalasi apamwamba kwambiri. Kupanda kutero, chidebe chomwe chili ndi kakombo wamadziyo chimachotsedwa ndikusamutsidwa m'chipinda chozizira komanso chamdima, ndipo koyambirira kwamadzi pambuyo poti madzi oundana asungunuke, abwezeretsedwa dziwe. Osachepera usiku chisanu sichingawononge mbewu.
Maluwa amadzi saopa matenda, amasiyanitsidwa ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri. Kutentha kwamphamvu, dziwe losaya kwambiri, nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kukhazikika pamalowo. Mavuto ake chifukwa cha kakombo wamadzi onse ndi ochepa, koma maluwa amatha kugwa osatseguka. Komanso, masamba otsekemera amakopa nkhono. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kungayambitse poyizoni wa chimbudzi chonse, motero ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira pochotsa tizirombo. Nkhono zimasonkhanitsidwa, ndipo nsabwe za m'masamba zimatsukidwa ndi mtsinje wamadzi.
Kuchiritsa katundu
Zigawo zonse za mbewu zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zogwira ntchito, monga wowuma, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, mafuta amafuta, mapuloteni, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides. Zinthu zophwanyidwazo zimaswedwa ndikuwamwa pakamwa pofuna kuthana ndi mutu, amenorrhea, kusowa tulo, hepatitis, spasms ya chikhodzodzo, kutsekula m'mimba, ndi zotupa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakunja kwa decoction kumathandizira kuchotsa zotupa pakhungu.
Zinthu zambiri zogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso zimavulaza thupi kuposa momwe zimapindulira. Simungathe kuzunza, ndibwino kumwa mankhwala motsogozedwa ndi dokotala. Zomwe zimaphatikizananso ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizigwirizana.
