Peyala ndi imodzi mwa zipatso zoyendetsera mbewu.
Lero, chinthu chofunikira pakukula mtengo umenewu ndikuteteza kuzizira ndi matenda.
Mitundu yotereyi ndi mtengo wa peyala "zaka zana".
Pambuyo powerenga kufotokoza kwa chisamaliro cha mtengo uwu, mutha kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri m'munda wanu.
Mbiri yopondereza
Peyala ndi chipatso chomwe chimamera pa zipatso ndi mitengo yokongoletsera, komanso pa zitsamba za Pinki. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, mitundu yapadera idalumikizidwa ndi kusakanizidwa, komwe kunapatsidwa dzina lakuti "Century". Kufotokozera za mtengo ndi zipatso zake sikunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi kawirikawiri.
Asayansi a Ural Research Institute adagwirizanitsa nyemba za pepala la Ussuri No. 41-16-1 ndi maluwa akuluakulu a peyala ya chikhalidwe Nambala 143. Gulu la obereketsa lidatsogoleredwa ndi Ericht Falkenberg, yemwe adaphunzira izi kwa zaka 23: kuyambira 1984 mpaka 2007. Zipatsozi zimakula mumzinda wa Siberia komanso ku Siberia.
Popeza nyengo imakhala yofunikira kwambiri pa kulima zipatso, muyenera kudziwa ngati Chizhovskaya, Lada, Bergamot, Talgar kukongola, Duchess, Forest beauty, Pokumbukira Yakovlev, Cathedral, Makondomu Yakovlev, Veles, Rogneda, Ana, Memory Zhegalov ndi oyenera kukula mu nyengo yanu. Uchi.
Kulongosola kwa mtengo
Mitundu ya peyala "Zaka 100" ndi sredneroslym ndi mtengo wachisanu-wolimba. Ili ndi korona wozungulira. Iyenso imalimbana ndi matenda ndipo ili ndi mizu yakuya. Pachifukwa ichi, musabzale mtengo pafupi ndi madzi pansi. 
Kutalika kwa thunthu kumatha kufika mamita 6, ndi kukula kwa korona - 5 mamita. Mtengo wandiweyani uli ndi pangidwe lochepa kwambiri. Pa nthambi zimakula masamba a ovate, omwe amasankhidwa mu mizere ingapo. Chinthu chodziwika ndi chakuti tsamba lirilonse lotsatira limachokera kumbuyo kwa madigiri 45.
Mukudziwa? Anthu a ku Ulaya ankasuta mapeyala mpaka Columbus atabweretsa fodya ku continent.Mtengo wa peyala udzayamba kubala chipatso zaka 4 mutabzala. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino zokolola ndipo zimabereka zipatso chaka chilichonse.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Zipatso za mawonekedwe oyenerera a peyala ali ndi chikasu ndipo zimathamanga kwambiri pang'onopang'ono. Zipatsozo zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo kulemera kwake kungakhale 260-400 g. M'kati mwa peyala muli thupi loyera, ndi mchere wonyezimira, kukoma kokoma ndi kowawasa komanso kutchulidwa kokoma kokoma. 
Zofunikira za Kuunikira
Popeza peyala ndi mtengo wachikondi, mukadzala ndikofunikira kuwerengera malo ake pamtunda kotero kuti mthunzi wa nyumba zoyandikana kapena nyumba zina sizikugwera. Kuwonjezera kokwanira kwa dzuwa kungapangitse zokolola zochepa, komanso kuphulika kwa nthambi zosagwirizana ndi nthambi ndi masamba pamwamba pa mtengo. Choncho, kuunikira kumakhudza mwachindunji mawonekedwe a korona ndi chikhalidwe cha kukula.
Ndikofunikira! M'chaka chiri kofunika kuti tisiye thunthu la peyala kuti tipewe maonekedwe a tiziromboPanthawi ya maluwa ndi mapangidwe a zipatso zatsopano, mtengo wa peyala umafunika kuchuluka kwa dzuwa, chifukwa panthawi ino chomera chimayamba kubala chipatso ndikupeza zinthu zonse zothandiza. Kuunikira kosakwanira kungapangitse kuti zisamangokhala bwino m'maluwa, komanso kuti zikhale zolakwika mu kapangidwe ka korona.
Zosowa za nthaka
Ubwino wa nthaka yomwe peyala imakula umakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa zipatso ndi zipatso za mtengo. Ngati kuli kofunikira kusunga 30% chinyezi, chiyenera kukhala chonde ndi zomangamanga. Koma dongo ndi loamy nthaka, imakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu yotentha madzi. Choncho, pamene feteleza akugwiritsidwa ntchito, nthaka yambiri imakhala yosasinthika.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti dothi lamchenga ndi mchenga ndi losauka. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wambiri kudzaphatikizapo leaching ya zakudya. Mu nthaka yotere feteleza ndi kofunika kupanga magawo. Ndi kukula kwa mizu ya peyala imalekerera dothi la mtundu wina uliwonse, osati kuwerengera mchenga ndi kuphulika. Koma ndizoyenera kudziwa kuti mlingo wofewa, kulawa ndi kukoma kwa chipatso kumadalira kusankha kwa dothi.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kudzala peyala mpaka tsambalo, pa nthawi ya hibernation.Nthawi zina zipatso zimakhala ndi mnofu wouma, kulawa kowawa komanso kuchepetsa moyo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mtengo umakula m'nthaka yamchenga. Ndizomveka kunena kuti kubzala sikuyenera kubzalidwa konse pa nthaka yoyera. Pa kukula kwa kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa fruiting kumakhala koopsa kwambiri poyambitsa zokonza feteleza komanso feteleza. Ayenera kuti apange nyengo yotentha, pamene akuonetsetsa kuti ulimi wothirira nthawi zonse.
Kuwongolera
Popeza peyala ndi mbewu yobiriwira, m'kupita kwa nthawi, imabzala mbewu zoipitsitsa ndipo imapangitsa kuti pakhale mimba. M'madera ozungulira nyengo ya peyala kukula "Zaka zana" pollination cross pogwiritsa tizilombo monga njuchi.
Mukudziwa? Njuchi ya uchi mukamasonkhanitsa uchi sagwiritsa ntchito mbola.Kupititsa patsogolo zokolola za mapeyala, m'pofunika kukopa tizilombo tofunikira ku chiwembu chanu. Kuonjezera ntchito ya njuchi, m'pofunika kuchotsa zolepheretsa kufalikira kwa maluwa a peyala kotero kuti tizilombo tikhoza kufika ku timadzi tokha popanda chopinga.
Pokopa njuchi amagwiritsa ntchito kuvala. Pofuna kukonzekera, muyenera kuthetsa 1 kg shuga mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Kenaka muzizizira mazirawo mpaka madigiri 30 ndikuonjezerani mtengo wa peyala. Apatseni kuvala kwa maola 6 ndipo m'mawa mwake muike pafupi ndi mtengo umene mukufunikira kukopa tizilombo todwalitsa. Mukhozanso kupanga nyumba yapadera ya tizilombo ndikuwapachika kuzungulira munda. 
Fruiting
Chomeracho chimakhala ndi ubwino wabwino, komabe, kuonekera koyamba kwa chipatso pamtengo kudzachitika zaka 4 mutabzala mtengo ndipo kenako udzabala chipatso pachaka.
Mukudziwa? Peyala yaikulu yakula mu Japan. Kulemera kwake kunali makilogalamu 2,948. Zipatso zinawonjezeredwa ku Guinness Book of Records pa November 11, 2011.
Nthawi yogonana
Popeza peyala ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Century" ndi mtengo wa nthawi yoyamba kucha, ndizotheka kukonzekera kukolola kumayambiriro kwa September. Silifi moyo wa zipatso zowonongeka umafika mwezi.
Kutalika kwa nyengo yakucha kuli pafupi masiku 6-10. Zimadalira nyengo zomwe zimachitika mumtengowo. Choncho, m'nyengo yozizira ndi youma, chipatso chidzakula mofulumira, ndipo kuzizizira, mosiyana, mochedwa. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, zipatso zotsalira pamtengo zimachotsedwa ndi kuvunda, ngati sizichotsedwe panthawi yake.
Pereka
Zokolola za mtengo umodzi wa peyala zikhoza kufika makilogalamu 150. Ndipo pakuganizira kuchuluka kwa fruiting, chokolola chaka chilichonse cha 200 c / ha chingatheke. Nthawi zina pansi pa kulemera kwa nthambi za mtengo wa zipatso zimatha. Pofuna kupewa chodabwitsa ichi, nkofunika kuyika malo apadera omwe angathandize nthambi ndi zipatso. Choncho, chipatso chidzatha. Mukhozanso kumangiriza chigoba nthambi ndi waya.
Transportability ndi yosungirako
Ngakhale kukolola kumawoneka kosavuta, pali zinthu zingapo zokhudzana ndi kayendedwe ndi kusungirako. Choncho, zipatso ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa nyengo yozizira komanso popanda mvula. Ndikofunika kuyamba ndi mtengo wapansi wa mtengo.
Ndikofunika kusamala posankha zipatso zowonongeka, komanso m'pofunikira kusankha peyala pamodzi ndi tsinde, kuti musafupikitse moyo wake wa alumali. Sikoyenera kupukuta sera yakuziteteza ku chipatso, komanso kutsanulira zokolola zambiri kuposa kamodzi.
Pofuna kukolola kuchokera kumadera akutali, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zazing'ono ndi zipangizo zapadera kuti mutenge zipatso za mtengo. 
Salafu moyo wa mapeyala atsopano ndi mwezi umodzi. Mukaika chipatso m'firiji, ndiye kuti kutentha kwa madigiri 0-1 kudzakhala kwa miyezi 6, popanda kutaya katundu wake. Chipinda chofuna kusungiramo mbeu chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira komanso kusungidwa bwino.
Matenda ndi Kutsutsana ndi Tizilombo
Mavuto otsatirawa pamene kukula kwa mapeyala ndi ofala kwambiri:
- Nkhumba ndi matenda chifukwa cha mawanga ochepa omwe amawoneka pamtengo wa mtengo, pang'onopang'ono kukula msinkhu. Kuthetsa vutoli kuli kovuta ngati mitengo ili pafupi, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uzigwira ntchito. Komanso, matendawa amakhudza osati masamba okha, komanso zipatso zokha, kusiya masamba ndi ming'alu pa iwo. Pofuna kuteteza kuoneka kwa nkhanambo, m'pofunikira kupopera mtengo ndi nthaka yoyandikana ndi yankho la urea 7%.
- Gall mite ndi tizilombo toopsa kwa zomera. Zitha kuchepetsa kukula kwa mtengo, zomwe zingachepetse mphukira zatsopano ndipo, motero, zimachepetsa kuchepetsa. Pofuna kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, m'pofunika kuchiza mtengo ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala oyenera.
- Kutupa. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa masamba, kuwajambula ndi lalanje. Chodabwitsa ichi chimakhudza kukana kwa mtengo ku matenda onse. Chifukwa cha matendawa chingakhale kukula kwa junipers m'munda, omwe ndi onyamula matendawa. Pofuna kuteteza, m'pofunikira kukonzanso mtengo ndi kukonzekera zamakono pa maluwa.
- Dame, monga lamulo, limakhudza masamba aang'ono ndi mphukira, kuwaphimba ndi maluwa ofiira ndi kuteteza chitukuko china. Choncho, malo okhudzidwa a mtengowo ndi opunduka ndipo amauma.
Pakati pa tizilombo ta mapeyala, timatchetche timene timatulutsa timadzi timeneti, sawfly, njenjete yamagodi, timatabwa ta migodi, nsabwe za m'masamba, kachilombo ka apulo.
Komabe, mapeyala a zinthu zosiyanasiyana amadziwika ndi kukana nkhanambo, bakiteriya kuwotcha ndi peyala ndulu.
Frost kukana
Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Century" inagwedezeka pamalire a Urals ndi Siberia, imakhala yokwanira kukaniza chisanu. Popeza kutentha kwaderali kumatha kufika madigiri 15 pansi pa zero, zomera zimasinthidwa ndi nyengo. Mphamvu yapamwamba yokonzanso imathandizira kupulumutsidwa kwa impso m'nyengo yozizira. Pakadali pano za chitukuko cha malonda ndi mabulosi a mabulosi, maphunziro akuchitidwa pofuna kuphunzira kutentha kwa chisanu cha mizu ya mitengo yomwe ili pansi pano.
Zipatso ntchito
Popeza mapeyala ali ndi mavitamini a magulu A, B, C, E, K, ntchito yake imathandiza kwambiri thupi la munthu. Chipatsocho chimadzaza ndi zinthu zamoyo zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zamoyo komanso zitsulo, potaziyamu, zinc, phosphorous, magnesium, calcium ndi sodium. Komanso, imayendetsedwa ndi fiber, yomwe imatha kuonetsetsa kuti thupi la munthu likugwira bwino ntchito.
Mukudziwa? Peyala imodzi ili ndi 20% ya zofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku za fiber, 6% ya potaziyamu ndi 10% ya vitamini C.
Momwemonso, zipatso zimatha kudyetsedwa osati zokha, koma zophika komanso kupanikizana kuchokera ku mapeyala, kupanga kupanikizana ndi zipatso zowonongeka, kenako kuzigwiritsa ntchito monga chakudya. Mu mankhwala owerengeka, chipatsochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mankhwala odzoza ndi prostatitis.Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Ubwino wa peyala, ndithudi, suphatikizapo zakudya zake zopindulitsa zowonjezera thupi, komanso mikhalidwe yosavuta. Mzu wabwino ndi chisanu kukana zimathandiza kuti nthawi zonse mukolole. Zopweteka ndi kudzipweteka kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Chochitika ichi chimaphatikizapo kubzala mpunga wabwino m'munda.
Zotsatira
- Frost kukana
- Zokolola zazikulu.
- Matenda oteteza matenda.
- Sakani.
- Moyo wamakilomita ambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Musamadye peyala pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikumwa madzi, kuti musapse thupi.
Wotsutsa
- Kukolola koyamba kudzawonekera patangopita zaka 4 mutabzala mtengo.
- Kudalira kwa nyengo ya fruiting.
- Kulephera kokhala ndi mungu.
