Peppermint (Mentha Piperita) - kufotokozera

Mint (banja Iasnatkovye, kapena Labrette) ndi wosakanizidwa wopangidwa kuchokera kumitundu yamadzi ndi m'munda. Amadziwika bwino pansi pa mayina a timbewu yoyenda, tsabola, Chingerezi. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa zomwe timbewu timanena kumatanthauza nthawi ya Roma wakale. Kulowetsedwa masamba a peppermint kunagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotsitsimutsa. Chikhalidwechi chimakulidwa paminda ya m'minda komanso pamafakitale.

Peppermint: mawonekedwe a kulima ndi chisamaliro

Peppermint ndi mtundu wa herbaceous osatha. Malinga ndi kufotokozera kuchokera m'bukhu lamaumboni a botanical, ili ndi mizu yaminga yopindika komanso tsinde lamtunda wa tetrahedral. Kutalika kutengera mtunduwu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0.5 metres mpaka 1.5 metres.

Peppermint

Tsinde limakutidwa ndi tsitsi loonda. Ma plates a masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe a ovoid. M'mphepete mumangokhala pang'ono. Mtundu wake umakhala utoto wobiriwira. Pakutha maluwa, imapanga ma inflorescence okhala ngati mawonekedwe. Maluwa ndi ochepa kukula ndi utoto wofiirira.

Mentha piperita ndi chomera chofunikira cha uchi. Chikhalidwe wapeza ntchito mankhwala, kuphika, zonunkhira. Chipinda chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwama micro- ndi ma microelements.

Utoto uli ndi:

• mafuta ofunikira;
• mavitamini a magulu A, C, PP, B;
• calcium
• potaziyamu
• magnesium
• Sodium
• phosphorous;
• chitsulo
• manganese;
• flavonoids;
• njira;
• hesperidin;
• kukhala;
• polyphenols;
• ursolic ndi oleanolic acid;
• menthol.

Kuchiritsa katundu

Zopindulitsa zomwe zimapangidwa ndimbewu zambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza komanso kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana.

Peppermint imakhala ndi sedative, analgesic, anti-yotupa komanso antiseptic. Amathandizira kuchepetsa kutentha, kuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira. Ili ndi mphamvu yosangalatsa komanso yotsitsimula. Pakasokoneza chimbudzi, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza chimbudzi ndikukulitsa kudya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choleretic wothandizira.

Mphamvu zakuchiritsa za mmera ndizomwe zimatchuka kwambiri

Peppermint amawonetsa kugwira bwino ntchito pochiza:

• matenda amanjenje;
• kusowa tulo
• kupuma matenda;
• tonsillitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis;
• matenda amkamwa;
• matenda obeleka azimayi.

Contraindication

Ngakhale zabwino zomwe sizingatheke, timbewu tili ndi zotsutsana zingapo. Zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ofunikira zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta, kusinza, komanso kuchepetsa zomwe zimachitika.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mbewa:

• pa mimba;
• pa mkaka wa m`mawere;
• ana osakwana zaka 6;
• ndi tsankho;
• ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi;
• ndi mitsempha ya varicose;
• ndi kufooka, kuchepa mphamvu, kugona.

Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito

Mint ndi kukonzekera komwe kumapangidwa pamaziko ake kumakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake mankhwala kumadziwika bwino.

Kukolola timbewu masamba kuti tidye

Chifukwa cha mankhwala, mtengo umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza komanso kupewa:

• kupuma matenda a bacteria ndi bacteria;
• matenda am'mimba dongosolo;
• matenda a mtima dongosolo;
• matenda amanjenje;
• matenda a pakhungu.

Monga mankhwala, imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• kulowetsedwa kwa madzi;
• kulowetsedwa kwa mowa;
• peppermint decoction;
• mafuta;
• tiyi ndi timbewu.

Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala achikhalidwe, timbewu timagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika ndi cosmetology.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Mpaka pano, mitundu yoposa 25 ndi mitundu ing'ono 10 ya peppermint imadziwika (mu Latin, Méntha piperíta). Ambiri aiwo ndi okhazikika m'minda yamaluwa.

• Curly. Mawonedwe ang'onoang'ono. Kutalika kwa tchire sikupita masentimita 80. Kusiyana kwake ndi masamba opindika komanso kukana kwambiri chisanu. Ili ndi mphamvu yochiritsa.
• Apple. Kalasi yocheperako ndi masamba obiriwira amdima. Imanunkhira bwino.
• Longleaf. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi tchire lamtali lamphamvu. Kutalika kumafika mita 1-1,5. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi peppermint ndiko mawonekedwe apamwamba a masamba.
• Ndimu. Amadziwika kuti mankhwala a mandimu. Imakhala ndi fungo labwino la ndimu. Amasiyana mankhwala.
• Zonunkhira. Chomera chochepa osatha. Imakhala ndi fungo labwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu kuphika ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe.
• Zakutchire Kusiyanako ndi tsabola kumakhala fungo labwino komanso kuwala kozizira.

Mwa alimi, timbewu ta mpiru, dimba, lalanje, galu, steppe, madzi, Korea, chokoleti, ginger. Mwa hybrids omwe adakula pamsika wamafuta, kufalitsa kunapezeka: Prylukskaya 6, Medicical 4, Riddle, Charm, Udaichanka.

Kukula Zinthu

Peppermint amatanthauza mbewu zomwe zimakulidwa mwanjira yamasamba. Njira zodziwika monga:

• magawano;
• kumera kwa odulidwa;
• kufesa mbewu.

Kubzala, sankhani nthawi yamasika. Hafu yachiwiri ya Epulo - theka loyambirira la Meyi ndi loyenerera bwino. Pakadali pano, mbewu zimamera bwino m'malo atsopano ndikuyamba kukula mwachangu.

Kubzala mbewu

Mukakula, tsatirani malamulo angapo:

• Chiwembu cha mbande zakonzedwa pasadakhale. Imakumba ndi kuchotsa udzu. Pokonzekera, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyala feteleza m'nthaka musanakonzekere.
• Mukabzala mbewu zomwe zimamera pambewu, zimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena zinthu zopanda nsalu. Izi zimathandizira kuti mbande zazing'ono zisinthe msanga ku zikhalidwe zatsopano. Landings amatseguka pamene chiwopsezo cha usiku ndi masana chisanu chikutha kwathunthu.
• Peppermint imagwira ntchito molakwika m'nthaka. Mukamadyetsa, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous amapangira.
• Chikhalidwe ndi gawo la zokwawa. Kuwongolera kumafunikira kuti muchepetse malire. Ma sheet kapena zitsulo zopindika pansi zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngati cholepheletsa.
• Kubzala mbewu mwa njira yodzala mizu ndikololedwa mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti.

Mawonekedwe a chisamaliro chakunja

Malinga ndi malongosoledwewo, timbewu tonunkhira ndimtundu wosalemera. Kulima ndi kuisamalira poyera sikutanthauza kuti muwononge ndalama zambiri. Chofunikira chachikulu ndikutsatira malamulo osavuta aukadaulo aulimi. Amakhala kuthirira nthawi yake, kumasula nthaka ndi kuvala pamwamba:

1. Mint imakula bwino m'malo opepuka, osati malo ouma. Nthawi zambiri mbewu zazikuluzika pang'ono.
2. Nthaka yachonde, yopanda madzi bwino ndiyoyenera.
3. Nthawi zonse, ndikokwanira kuthirira kawiri pamwezi. Pamatenthedwe am'mlengalenga komanso kukomoka, kuchulukitsa kumawonjezeka mpaka 1 pa sabata.
4. Zomera zimadyetsa masika. Kusakaniza kwa superphosphate, ammonium nitrate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu kumaonjezedwa kunthaka. Zosakaniza zimatengedwa pamlingo wa 250 pamamita 10 alionse.
5. Kutsegula kumachitika kangapo pamnyengo, kuphatikiza ndi udzu wa udzu.

Mawonekedwe akukula kunyumba

Zoweta panyumba gwiritsani ntchito mbewu, ziwembu kuchokera kuzomera zazikulu, zodula. Kubzala mbewu ndi njira imodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo obzala mbewu. Ambiri kumera kwa kudula kapena kugawaniza tchire.

Kukula kunyumba

Sankhani njira zoyenera mpaka masentimita 20 kutalika. Zodulidwa zimayikidwa m'madzi ndi kuwonjezera kwa activator wokula. Pambuyo pakuwoneka ngati mizu ya nthambi, mmera umayikidwa mumphika wokonzedwa kale.

Mphukira imayikidwa ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi. Mutabzala, mmera umadzadza ndi madzi ambiri. Kukula bwino mbewa, ndikofunikira kutsata malamulo angapo osamalira:

1. Chipindacho chimakhala kutentha kwa +20 mpaka +25 ℃.
2. Mbande nthawi zambiri mpweya wabwino ndi kuthirira pamene nthaka limuma.
3. Pakatha kuthirira kulikonse, nthaka imamasulidwa kuti nthaka ikonzedwe bwino.
4. Mukakulitsa mbewa kuchokera ku mbewu, kupatulira kumachitika kuti muchotse masamba osalimba ndi achikasu.
5. Mbande zimapereka kuyatsa kwabwino. M'nyengo yozizira, kuunikira kowonjezera kumaperekedwa.

Nthambi zokhwima zimayang'aniridwa komanso mbewu zina zamkati - zimawona njira yothirira, kuvala pamwamba komanso kumasula nthaka.

Nthawi ya maluwa

Nthawi yamaluwa ya peppermint imatengera dera lolimidwa. Madera akumwera, ndizakale. Maluwa amawonekera pakati pa Juni. M'madera apakati komanso kumpoto, nthawi imeneyi imasinthidwa kukhala nthawi ina. Oyambirira kuyenda amapezeka kumapeto kwa June kapena pakati pa Julayi. Kumpoto, timbewu tikhoza kutulutsa kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti.

Chikhalidwe chimadziwika ndi maluwa ataliatali, omwe amakhala mpaka Seputembara. Mwa mitundu ina, mapesi a maluwa amasungidwa mpaka chisanu.

Peppermint nthawi yamaluwa

Peppermint ndimtanda wopukutidwa ndi mungu. Oyendetsa mungu akuluakulu ndi tizilombo. Pambuyo maluwa, mbewu zipse mu mbewu - mtedza wa bulauni. Mbewu zisunge katundu wawo zaka ziwiri.

Kutolere ndi kusungira peppermint

Zomera za chaka chachiwiri cha moyo ndizoyenera kutolera. Ntchito zimachitika pakati pa Juni kapena Julayi, pomwe mbewu zimayamba kulowa. Amakhulupirira kuti panthawiyi ali ndi zinthu zambiri zochiritsa.

Ndikwabwino kutolera chomera cham'mawa tsiku louma. Asanakolole, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitsuka timbewu ndi madzi ndikuti ziume. Podziwa zonse za timbewu tonunkhira, momwe timagwiritsira ntchito komanso momwe timagwiritsira ntchito, amasankha njira yokonzekera.

Kukonzekera timbewu timene timachitika m'njira zingapo:

• Kuzizira Zomera zatsopano zimatsukidwa, zouma ndi kuziyika m'matumba kapena m'matumba zazing'ono. Zombozo zimasungidwa mufiriji.
• Peppermint madzi. 800 g madzi amafuna 500 g shuga. Madziwo amabweretsedwa ndi chithupsa. Mint imawonjezedwera kwa iyo ndikuphika kachiwiri. Kusakaniza kotentha kumasefedwa kudzera mu sieve yabwino ndikuwonjezera msuzi wa theka la mandimu. Zomwe zimapangidwazo zimasakanizidwa bwino ndipo nthawi yomaliza imakhala chithupsa.
• Peppermint tincture. Pophika ntchito 70% mowa. Timbewu timathiridwa mumtsuko wosawilitsidwa ndi mowa mu gawo la 1:10. Kutha kuyikidwa m'malo abwino a masiku 10. Masiku onse 1-2, chidebe chimagwedezeka. Pambuyo masiku 10, chidebe chimakonzedwanso mufiriji masiku ena atatu. Pambuyo pake, tincture umasefedwa ndikuthira mu chidebe choyera kuti sungidwe.
• Mowa. Kukonzekera zakumwa, mamililita 400 a mowa, ma millilita 200 amadzi, 1 g ya peel ya mandimu ndi 6 g ya timbewu youma timafunika. Zosakaniza zonse zimasakanizidwa mchidebe chimodzi ndikuumirizidwa kwa masiku awiri m'malo abwino, ozizira. Pakatha masiku awiri, madzi omwe adakonzedwa kuchokera ku 1 makilogalamu a shuga opaka ndi ma millilitere 150 amowonjezeredwa ndi makinawo. Osakaniza amasunthidwa ndikukhala mabotolo.
• Kuyanika Mapale ataliatali amtundu wa peppermint omwe amatsukidwa kale amadulidwa ndikuwunyamula m'magulu mpaka masentimita atatu.

Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda

Mint amadziwika ndi kufooka kofooka. Nthawi zambiri imatha kutenga matenda ndi tizirombo.

Akatswiri azindikira matenda angapo omwe amayambitsa zovulaza kwambiri pazomera:

• Dzimbiri. Imachitika ndi chinyezi chachikulu, kutentha kochepa kapena ndi nitrogen yambiri m'nthaka. Amadziwika ndi mapangidwe amtundu wofiira wa hue pamtunda wa masamba.
• Powdery Mildew Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kuwonongeka ndikuwonekera kwa zolengeza pamasamba oyera. Popewa matendawa, sulufule ya colloidal imalapidwa.
• Verticillin wilt. Imadziwoneka ngati kusintha kwa mitundu iwiri yapamwamba ya masamba amdima kukhala yakuda. Matendawa akamfalikira, mbewuyo imafa.
• Anthracnose. Matendawa amawonekera pakapangidwe ka mawanga a bulauni pamasamba masamba. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Bordeaux fluid kumachitika.
• Septoria kapena mawanga. Ikuwoneka ngati mawanga bulauni kapena yakuda yamtundu wamalingaliro wokhala ndi malire wakuda. Pothana ndi kufalikira kwa matendawa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Bordeaux.
• Kumera. Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi mycoplasmas. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa, kuchepa kwa kukula, kusintha kwa mtundu wamasamba kumadziwika. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukumba ndi kuwotcha mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa. Tchire zathanzi zimasinthidwa kupita ku tsamba latsopano.

Powdery mildew pa timbewu

Mwa tizirombo, timbewu timakonda kuwonongeka:

• utoto wa peppermint;
• wonyamula zishango;
• nsabwe za m'masamba;
• maphikidwe;
• kafadala weevils;
• dambo crank;
• ma pennies opatsa ulemu.

Mwa tizirombo, chimbalangondo, mbozi zamitengo ya kabichi, njenjete zodyetsera, zimayikidwa padera. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo, samalira kasinthasintha wa mbewu, kutsatira dongosolo wobzala, gwiritsani ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.