Calathea ndi udzu wobera kuchokera ku banja la a Marantovian. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba okongola modabwitsa komanso maluwa osazolowereka omwe amafanana ndi panicles ndi miyendo yayitali. Calathea ndi wachibale wapafupi wa arrowroot ndi ktenanty, koma ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Dziko lakwawo ndi Central ndi Latin America. Nthawi zambiri mmera umapezeka mitengo yamiyala yamvula. M'mayiko ena, duwa limamera ngati chomera. Khalidwe lake ndilopanda chidwi, koma kukongola kwapadera kumayenera kuyang'aniridwa mwapadera.
Mawonekedwe
Kalatea ndi chomera chamuyaya komanso chopindika. Pamenepo, malo okukulira okhala ndi zigawo za ana aakazi amapangidwa. Masamba akuluakulu, okhala ndi masamba ataliitali amapanga chitsamba chowonda 50-150 masentimita komanso 30-60 masentimita 5. Masamba atsopano a 5-6 amawonjezeredwa chaka chilichonse.
Masamba amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zonsezi zimapezeka pa petioles zazitali zomwe zimamera kuchokera pansi. Tsamba lamasamba ndilopyapyala (lonse kapena lokwera), komanso lanceolate. Pepala loonda limakhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy. Pamaso pake pali mawonekedwe achilendo a mawanga, mizere ndi madontho. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yolingana ndi mtsempha wapakati.
M'nyengo yamasika kapena yotentha, inflorescence imawonekera pakati pa masamba. Amawoneka bwino kapena owoneka wamba. Iliyonse imamera pamiyala yayitali yopanda zozungulira. Masamba ofiirira kapena a lilac amabisika pansi pazitali zazitali komanso zowonjezera. Amapanga inflorescence wonyezimira ngati. Mtunduwo umayang'aniridwa ndi zoyera, zachikaso, zofiirira ndi lalanje. Ma corollas owoneka ndi maulendo atatu azungulira, owongoka kapena akuthwa, ma petals owongoka.
Zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro
Kukongola calathea kumadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wamabanja abwino. Ndi mlendo wolandilidwa mnyumba, popeza amatenga mphamvu zamagetsi ndikuthandizira kukulitsa chisangalalo, chisangalalo, komanso kutentha. Ndewu ndi mikangano zidzatha msanga, ndipo chisangalalo chidzakhala chadzaza. Alendo amakonda kubwera kunyumba yotere. Mlengalenga wa aliyense adzakhala bwino. Kwa mabanja, bonasi yowonjezerapo ndikuti kalatea imapatsa mphamvu komanso kudziyimira pawokha kuti ateteze anthu.
Mitundu ya Calathea
Pazaka zonse, mitundu 286 imapatsidwa mtundu wa calathea. Pafupifupi chilichonse chitha kumereredwa m'nyumba, koma zotsatirazi ndizodziwika bwino:
Saffron Calathea (crocata). Zomera zimakhala pagombe la Amazon. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi bulansi m'munsi amakhala owumbika bwino mawonekedwe. Kuphatikiza pa masamba, maluwa okongola owala a lalanje pazithunzi zazitali zofiirira zimakopa. Kwa maluwa amtunduwu, mitunduyi nthawi zina imatchedwa "lawi la muyaya". Maluwa amatulutsa mu Januwale-February ndipo amakhala mpaka miyezi 4.
Kalaza Locket. Wokhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Brazil amakula masentimita 40 ndipo amakula masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi masamba a siliva ndi ofiirira. Amapanga zokongoletsera zokongola. Kunja kwa masambawo ndi kwofiirira; kumatha kuwonekera madzulo masamba atatembenuka.
Calathea ndi wodabwitsaiye lanceolate (lancifolia). Zomera izi mpaka 70 cm kutalika zimapezeka m'nkhalango zotentha. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ataliitali a lanceolate okhala ndi chotupa chamkati wamkati ndi mafunde m'mbali. Tsamba ndilotalika 24-27 masentimita ndi 5.5 mulu ulipo pa phesi lobiriwira, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi mazira.
Kalaza Varshevich. Tchire lalikulupo limakhala ndi masamba osalimba komanso osalala. Ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wamtoto wobiriwira komanso msana wofiirira. Ma inflorescences okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka oyera kapena oyera a kirimu amakhala ndi zokutira zokulungika, zofanana ndi ma petulo.
Mitsempha ya calathea (zebrina). Kukongola kwamtunda mpaka 60 cm kutalika kumakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu owotcha pamtunda wautali, wamtundu. Kutalika kwa pepalalo kumakhala masentimita 40 ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 16. Mtunda wowoneka bwino wobiriwirawo umakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima ndi mawanga amdima omwe amapanga mawonekedwe. Mbali yakumaso ndiyopyapyala. Pazovala zazifupi, mawonekedwe oyera ndi ofiirira a inflorescence amaphulika.
Calathea rufibarba, wometa ndevu. Mtengowo umapanga chitsamba chochepa koma chophukika ndi masamba opapatiza, owala. Pamwamba pa masamba ake pali mtundu wobiriwira wowoneka bwino, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kulijambulidwa ndi pinki ya pinki. Mtunduwu suvomereza kupopera.
Kalawa wokongoletsedwa (ornata). Mtunduwu umakhala m'malo otentha a Colombian ndipo ndi wofanana kukula kwake. Masamba ake owumbika, osaloledwa amakula 10 cm masentimita ndi 5cm mpaka 51. Petiole ndi kutalika kwa 5-12 cm. Spike inflorescence yokhala ndi oyera kapena ofiirira a corollas amakula masentimita a 6-8. Amamera pamiyendo yotalika mpaka 30 cm.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya calathea Sanderian imafika 50 cm kutalika. Muli ndi masamba owaza amtundu wakuda wobiriwira.
Kalaza Makoya. Chomera chokongoletsera mpaka 50 masentimita okwera chimapezeka m'nkhalango zachilengedwe za Brazil. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba akulu, opingika komanso owala, okhala ndi masamba osiyanasiyana. Pakuwala pang'ono pali mikwingwirima yakuda yobwera kuchokera pakati.
Calathea Bahema. Maonekedwe onyozeka kwambiri okhala ndi masamba achikopa ophimbidwa ndi siliva wobiriwira. Kutalika kwawo kumafika 40 cm.
Calathea wozungulira (orbifolia). Mbewu yotalika masentimita 75 imakhala yolimba mopingasa, pafupifupi masamba ozunguliridwa ndi masamba obiriwira ophimbidwa ndi mikwingwirima ya bulauni mpaka mbali yamkati.
Kalibule Malonda. Zomera zazitali zokhala ndi masamba ozungulira mpaka 40 cm. Zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ya asymmetric motley. Pa tsamba lobiriwira lakuda pali masamba achikasu a mandimu.
Njira zolerera
Calathea kufalitsidwa ndi kudula, mbewu ndi magawo chitsamba. Kubzala mbewu kumadziwika kuti ndizovuta kwambiri komanso nthawi yambiri. Gwiritsani ntchito mbewu zatsopano momwe mungathere. Zofesedwa mumizere yopanda yodzaza ndi dothi ndi mchenga. Mtunda wa masentimita 2-3 ukufunika pakati pa njere .. Mbewuzo zimakanikizidwa mu dothi, kuthira pansi ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Nyumba yobiriwira imasungidwa pa kutentha kwa + 21 ... + 25 ° C. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-4, mphukira zimawonekera. Akamakula, amadzaza dothi latsopano mpaka masentimita 1. Mbewu zachikulire zimatsegulidwa kwa maola angapo patsiku, kenako ndikuchotsa pogona zonse. Amakwiriridwa mumiphika yosiyana.
Zodulidwa, tsamba lokhala ndi petiole ndi gawo la mphukira yamkati mobisa limasiyanitsidwa. Amabzyala m'nthaka yonyowa ndi mchenga. Zodulidwa zimathiridwa madzi ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Kupopera mankhwalawa kumafunikira. Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala + 22 ... + 24 ° C. Amapatsanso kuyatsa kwamdima, kosasunthika. Wochulukitsa mumphika watsopano umachitika chaka chotsatira.
Chitsamba cholimba champhamvu pakatha kuphukira chimatha kugawidwa m'magawo awiri. Kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa mizu kumafuna kuchira kwakutali, chifukwa chake, pakubwezeretsa, kusamala kwakukulu kumafunikira. Gawo la dothi loumbidwa limachotsedwa ndipo mizu yopingasa imasweka pang'ono. Kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni sikulimbikitsidwa. Malo olakwika amawazidwa ndi phulusa lophwanyika ndipo mbewu zatsopano zimabzalidwa mumiphika yaying'ono ndi dothi lapadera. Yambani ndikusunga maluwa mumthunzi wambiri komanso wowala. Kutentha kwenikweni ndi + 22 ... + 25 ° C.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kalathe ndi chomera chachikulu komanso chovuta. Sikuti aliyense wofesa mbewu azilima pakhomo. Duwa limakula bwino mu nyumba yobiriwira. Komabe, ndi chidwi, mwayi wopeza chitsamba chobiriwira chokongola ndi chachikulu.
Kuwala Zomera ndizolekerera mthunzi, koma mwakuya mchipinda chamdima sizikhala bwino. Muyenera kusankha chipinda chowala bwino chopanda dzuwa. Popanda kuwala, mapangidwe a motley amazimiririka, ndipo ndikachulukirapo, masamba amatha kupindika.
Kutentha Pa kukula kwa calathea wabwinobwino, kutentha kwokhazikika kwa mpweya kumafunika popanda kusinthasintha kwakukongola ndi kusanja. Mu Epulo-Okutobala, zizikhala mkati mwa + 21 ... + 24 ° C. Chaka chonsecho chimazungulira + 16 ... + 20 ° C.
Chinyezi. Mtengowo umakhala womasuka kwambiri chinyezi cha 80-90%. Muyenera kusontha korona nthawi zonse ndipo nthawi zina mumasamba pansi pofunda. Kenako ikani matreyi ndi dongo kapena madzi oyera. Kumwaza kumachitika kudzera m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono kuti madzi asatonthole. Kupanda kutero, mawanga amdima amapezeka pamasamba ndikukupanga fungus. Komabe, izi mwina sizingakwanire. Mu nyengo yakutentha, ma humidad apadera amapulumutsa. Ngati kupanga malo abwino kwa calathea kulephera, kumayamba kupukuta masamba ndikuwataya kwathunthu. Komabe, simuyenera kufulumira kutulutsa pansi ndi mizu. Nthawi zambiri mphukira zatsopano zimapezeka mchaka ndipo chitsamba chimaberekedwanso.
Kuthirira. Calathea amafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi kuti dothi lake limakhala lonyowa pang'ono. Madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ofewa kwambiri, oyeretsedwa bwino. Mvula ikhala njira yabwino koposa. Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa kutentha kwa chipinda. Kuchulukitsa kwake kuchokera pachikwama kumachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti pasakhale chinyezi.
Feteleza. M'mwezi wa Epulo-Ogasiti, mbewu zimapatsidwa njira yothetsera mavutowa kuti azikongoletsa komanso zipatso zabwino. Mukamasamalira safironi calathea nthawi yamaluwa ndi maluwa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza pazomera zamaluwa. Ngati dothi ndilatsopano komanso labwinobwino, theka la magawo omwe akuwonetsedwa mu malangizo ndi lokwanira.
Thirani Chomera chimasinthidwa mumphika wokulirapo zaka zilizonse za 1-2. Tetimiyi iyenera kukhala ndi mabowo otungira. Wosanjikiza wandiweyani, tchipisi ta njerwa kapena dongo lotukulidwa limatsanulira pansi. Dothi lodzala limapangidwa ndi:
- mchenga wamtsinje (gawo limodzi);
- deciduous humus (magawo awiri);
- peat (magawo awiri);
- pepala lamtunda (magawo awiri).
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Calathea amatha kudwala matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Kwenikweni, amakula pamtunda wotsika kwambiri kapena mchipinda chofunda komanso chinyezi madzi akakhazikika m'nthaka. Ndikovuta kwambiri kupulumutsa mbewu. Kuika mwachangu ndi mankhwala a fungicide ndikofunikira.
Spider nthata, thrips ndi tizilombo zazikulu ndiwo akupha majeremusi. Popewa tizirombo kuti tisawononge masamba, tizilomboto timathandizidwa.
Kuti muwone kulondola kwa chisamaliro, ingoyang'anani pamalowo. Ngati chitsamba chakula kwambiri, masamba owala ndi maluwa nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti zonse zili mu dongosolo. Zolakwitsa zazikulu zimakhudza kukongola kwa calathea:
- masamba amafota ndikupota kukhala chubu - kusowa chinyezi mumlengalenga ndi kuthirira;
- masamba amatembenukira chikasu - kukhudzana ndi kusintha kapena kutentha pang'ono;
- masamba othinana - masamba osakwanira;
- malo owuma a bulauni paz masamba - kukhudzana ndi dzuwa.
