Freesia ndi chomera choyimira maluwa kuchokera ku banja la Iris. Amachokera ku South Africa. Chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kwachilengedwe komanso fungo labwino, freesia anali wokondedwa ndi wamaluwa zaka zambiri zapitazo. Kununkhira ndi zolemba za kakombo wa chigwa kunathandizira kuti pakhale dzina lachiwiri - Cape kakombo wa chigwa. Zomera zobzalidwa m'mundamo ndikukula pakhomo ,zipanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a inflorescence. Sikovuta kusamalira freesia, ndikuwona zanzeru zina, mutha kupeza tchire loyambira maluwa ngakhale nyengo yozizira.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Freesia ndi chomera chamuyaya. Ziphuphuzo zimakhala zazitali kapena zobooka. Amakutetezani ndi makanema oyera komanso opepuka. Pakatha zaka ziwiri zilizonse maluwa atadzala, chimuyo chimafa ndipo makanda amawoneka m'malo mwake. Gawo la chomera limayimiriridwa ndi masamba opendekera a mizere omwe amakula mwachindunji kuchokera pansi kumapeto kwa tsinde. Kutalika kwa tsamba lamasamba ndi 15-20 cm, ndipo m'lifupi sapitilira 1 cm. Masamba obiriwira amdima, mtsempha wapakati umawoneka bwino.
Tsinde loonda lopanda freesia limakula 20-70 masentimita, mitundu yosakanizidwa imatha kupitirira 1 mita kutalika. Mbali yakumwambayo imaphimbidwa kwambiri. Miyezi 3-4 mutatha kudzutsa mababu, nthambi iliyonse imakutidwa ndi inflorescence yooneka ngati mbali imodzi. Muli ndi masamba 3-6. Maluwa onunkhira ngati mawonekedwe opapatiza ndi chubu lalitali kumapeto amagawidwa m'magulu 6. Kutalika kwa corolla ndi 3-5 masentimita, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi mpaka masentimita 6. Pamakhala palokha pamakhala chowombelera, chomaliza. Pakatikati pa chubu pali stamens 3 zoonda komanso ovary. Ma petals amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Iwo ndi oyera, kirimu, lilac, pinki, ofiira, abuluu ndi ofiirira. Nthawi zina pharynx imapangidwa utoto mosiyanasiyana kapena mitsempha yamdima imapezeka pakatikati pa mapiri.
Pambuyo pakufota, mabokosi ambewu zazikulu amapsa. Zing'ono kwambiri ndipo muli mbewu za bulauni zakuda. Kumera mbewu kumakhala chaka chonse.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yokongoletsera
Mwantchito, mitundu 16 yazomera imalembetsedwa mu mtundu wa freesia. Ambiri a iwo amakula kuthengo kokha. Mitundu ya haibridi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mchikhalidwe, chomwe chimagwirizana kwambiri osati nyengo yotentha, komanso malo akumpoto ambiri.
Freesia wosweka (woyera). Chomera chokhala ngati herbaceous chotalika kuposa masentimita 40. Chowonda kwambiri chimayambira nthambi ndikusungunula inflorescence ya chimacho choyera chamkaka. Pansi pa masamba ofikira masamba owala obiriwira obiriwira amakula. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Alba - maluwa akuluakulu okhala ndi miyala yoyera matalala amakutidwa ndi mizere yopyapyala yofiirira mkati mwa chosangalatsa;
- Zonunkhira - pamitundu yam'munsi ya utoto wamtali pali malo owala achikasu, kununkhira kwa kakombo ka chigwa kumakhala kwamphamvu kwambiri.
Fenceia Armstrong. Chomera chotalika masentimita 70 chimatulutsa maluwa okhala ngati masentimita 4-5 masentimita. Mbale zamtundu wa pinki, zofiirira kapena za rasipiberi. Zosiyanasiyana makadinala ndi chomera chokhala ndi maluwa osavuta ofiira omwe amaphatikizidwa mumitundu yambiri yama inflorescence. Pansi pa pamakhala pali malo achikasu, ndipo ma anther ndi pestle amapaka utoto wamtambo kapena wofiirira.
Terry freesia. Gulu lalikulu la mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa obiriwira otsekemera. Ziphuphu ndizazungulira mozungulira. Amapangidwa m'mizere ingapo, ndichifukwa chake mbewu nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "freesia rose". Mtundu wa ma petals ndi monophonic kapena mitundu iwiri. Wofiyira, wabuluu, wachikaso, kirimu kapena mtundu wa violet.
Freesia ndi wosakanizidwa. Intraspecific freesia hybrids mpaka 1 m kukwera ndi nthambi zoyambira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri kuchokera kumodzi kumodzi kumakula nthawi yomweyo mpaka mphukira zitatu. Maburashi mpaka 8-10 masentimita aatali amakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu okhala ndi masentimita 5-7.
- Ballerina - mandala onenepa kwambiri amapezeka mumzere umodzi, m'munsi mwawo amalembedwapo utoto ndi utoto wonyezimira;
- Caramel - akuwombera 75-80 cm wamtali wamtali mpaka maluwa 8 mu inflorescence yooneka ngati kanga, masamba osavuta akulu amapaka utoto wofiirira;
- Pimperina - chomera chophuka mpaka 20 masentimita okwanira otulutsa maluwa, ma cell awo ofiira omwe ali ndi malire a burgundy amakhala ndi malo achikaso kumunsi;
- Royal Blue - miyala yosalala yowoneka ngati utoto yofiirira yokhala ndi mitsempha yamdima komanso malire ndi malo achikaso pamunsi.
Kufalitsa kwa Fenceia
Freesia imafalitsidwa ndi njere ndi ma corms aakazi. Kubzala mbewu kumawonedwa ngati kochulukirapo ndipo sikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, pakubzala mitundu yatsopano kapena kufunika kwa mbewu zambiri. Gwiritsani ntchito mbewu zatsopano. Chapakatikati, musanafese, mbewu zimanyowetsedwa kwa mphindi 10-15 mu njira ya manganese, kenako tsiku lina m'madzi otentha owiritsa. Pambuyo pake, zimafesedwa mumchenga ndi peat nthaka yakuya 6-10 mm. Miphika imakutidwa ndi kanema ndikusungidwa pamalo owala ndi kutentha kwa + 18 ° C.
Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masabata 2-3. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mphukira, malo ogona amachotsedwa. Mbande zachikale zimasungidwa m'chidebe chomwe chili ndi mtunda wa masentimita 5. Mbewuzo zimasungidwa pamtunda wa + 20 ... + 22 ° C komanso chinyezi chachikulu. Zomera zimasokoneza kusinthasintha kulikonse kutentha ndi chinyezi. Pang'onopang'ono, kutentha kumachepa kukhala + 12 ... + 14 ° C. Chakumapeto kwa Meyi, mbande zimasulidwa mosamala poyera. Chisamaliro chowonjezereka chimachitika monga mwa chizolowezi.
Nyama yayikulu munyengo imatha kubala ana angapo. Zomera zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mu yophukira zimasungidwa momwe zimakhalira mpaka kasupe, ndipo kasupe zimabzalidwa. The bulb yaying'ono, kuyandikira pafupi ndi kumtunda.
Kulima kwakunja
M'munda wa freesia, malo osinthika pang'ono amasankhidwa. Zomera zokhazokha sizimakonda dzuwa lotentha, ndipo mababuwo amadyera kwambiri padziko lapansi. M'pofunikanso kusamala kuti mudziteteze pazokonzekera. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda chonde ndi yachonde, yokhala ndi acidity yochepa. Ngati palibe dothi labwino, ndiye kuti peyala losakanizika ndi dothi la peat, mchenga, humus ndi masamba limatsanulira ndi wosanjikiza pafupifupi 15 cm.
Freesia amabzalidwa panthaka yophukira nthawi yachisanu ikazizira. Kutengera dera, izi zitha kukhala zaka khumi zoyambirira za Meyi kapena kumapeto kwake. Asanabzalidwe, dothi limakumbidwa ndikuikulunga. Freesia amabzalidwa m'mizere kuti khosi la babu lipangidwe. Mtunda pakati pa mababu mumizerewo ndi 5-6 masentimita, ndi pakati pa mizere - masentimita 15. Kenako dothi limapendekeka pang'ono ndikuwumbika ndi singano za peat kapena zosaphika.
Kumapeto kwa Meyi, mbande zikaoneka, zimapereka chakudya choyamba ndi ammonium nitrate. Pambuyo pake, kawiri pamwezi, freesia imakola ndi michere yamafuta ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Zomera ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse. Nthawi yakula, kuthilira sikumachitika pafupipafupi ndipo amaonetsetsa kuti madziwo amachoka pansi panthaka, apo ayi mababu atha kuwola. M'masiku otentha, dziko lapansi siliyenera kuloledwa kuti liume kwambiri. Nthawi yamaluwa, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zambiri ndikuwapangitsa kukhala ochulukirapo. Maluwa okha amatenga masabata 3-6. Mukamaliza, freesia amathiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, pang'onopang'ono kuletsa kuthirira.
Ngakhale pamalo otseguka, mbewuyo imafunikira mpweya wonyowa, kotero mabedi amafufafaniza nthawi zonse. Izi zikuyenera kuchitidwa madzulo, kuti kuyaka kusamachitike chifukwa cha mame madontho. Ndikofunikanso kumasula dothi nthawi zonse ndikuchotsa namsongole. Zitali zazitali zimamangidwa munthawi yake kuti zisasweke. Maluwa ofota amadulidwa nthawi yomweyo, apo ayi amatenga mphamvu kuchokera ku babu.
Freesia samadwala matenda azomera. Pokha ponyowa komanso malo ozizira kapena nyengo yamvula nthawi zambiri imayamba Fusarium, zowola kapena nkhanambo. Mphukira ndi masamba amagwira nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za kangaude ndi kupindika. Kuchokera kwa iwo, maluwa amathandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena sopo.
Mpaka pakati pa nthawi yophukira, mababu a freesia amasiyidwa pansi. Zomera zapadziko lapansi zikayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndi kupukuta, zimadulidwa. Posakhalitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakumbidwa. Ziphuphu zimatsukidwa kwathunthu padziko lapansi, mizu yakale ndi mamba. Amawamanga manganese kapena fungicide kwa theka la ora, kenako amawuma firiji kwa masiku angapo.
Pambuyo pamachitidwe onse, ma corms amayenera kupendedwa mosamala kuti awonongeke, okonzedwa ndi kukula ndikuyikidwa gridi yaying'ono. Ayenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chamdima chopanda kutentha kwa mpweya + 20 ... + 25 ° C ndi chinyezi mpaka 80%. Nthawi zingapo nthawi yachisanu, ma corm amayendera ndikudzipatula owonongeka.
Ngati freesia wakula kum'mwera zigawo, kumene nthawi yozizira kulibe kwenikweni chisanu. Itha kumusiyira nthawi yozizira panja. Dziko lapansi limakutidwa ndi nthambi za spruce ndi masamba owuma.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Freesia amakula chimodzimodzi m'mundamo ndi mumphika, ngati chomera. Potsirizira pake, mutha kudziwa nokha nthawi yamaluwa. Kuti maluwa awonekere ndi Chaka Chatsopano, amayamba kubzala mababu mu Seputembala. Pambuyo pakupuma, mwezi umodzi asanabzalidwe mumphika, mababu a freesia amasamutsidwa kumalo abwino (+ 10 ... + 15 ° C) ndikuwunikira bwino. Chifukwa chakuuma, amayamba kukula nthawi yomweyo atabzala. Ziphuphu zimabzalidwa m'nthaka ndikuya masentimita 3-6, zidutswa zingapo mumphika.
Zotengera zimakhala ndi kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 22 ° C ndipo zimamwetsa madzi nthawi zonse. Kuvuta kwa kulima kwa nyundo ndi nthawi yayifupi masana, koma freesia amafunika kuwala kwa maola 12. Kuti mulipirire zomwe zawonongeka, gwiritsani ntchito kuwala kwa kumbuyo. Zimayambira motalika kuposa 10 cm zimamangidwa, apo ayi zimaphulika mwakulemera kwa maluwa akulu.
Kuti mukhale chinyezi chambiri, mbewu zimathiridwa nthawi zonse ndikuyika pafupi ndi poto wamadzi. Ndikofunika kupatula freesia kwa otenthetsa.
Munthawi yakula komanso maluwa, kuvala pamwamba kumabweretsedwa pansi kawiri pamwezi. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opangira mchere. Choyamba, feteleza wokhala ndi potaziyamu yambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kenako phosphorous amasankhidwa.
Masamba onse akazirala ndipo masamba akatembenuka chikasu, gawo pansi limadulidwa. Mababu akupitilirabe kuthiridwa kwa miyezi ina 1-1,5. Munthawi imeneyi, mapangidwe a ana. Pamapeto pa njirayi, anyezi onse amakumbidwa, kutsukidwa ndi kutumizidwa kuti asungidwe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito freesia
Kwa mphukira zosalimba komanso maluwa onunkhira owoneka bwino, ndikofunikira kugawa malo pamalowo kapena pawindo. Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wosakanizidwa pafupi ndi maluwa, peonies, hydrangeas, clematis ndi lisianthus.
Nthambi zowonda ndi inflorescence zobiriwira nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula. Zokongoletsera zowala zimapangidwa ndi iwo. Maluwa atavala zovala zoyera kapena za pastel amawonjezerapo maluwa. Ma inflorescence omwe atsegulidwa kwathunthu ayenera kudulidwa. Mophimba, masamba sadzaphuka.
Kuphatikiza pa kukongola modabwitsa, kununkhira kwamafuta kumathandizanso. Kununkhira kwa freesia wokhala ndi zolemba zazing'ono zam'madzi kudzakopa aliyense. Mafuta ofunikira a maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu aromatherapy kuthana ndi kupsinjika, kupsinjika kwamanjenje ndi nkhawa.
